Factors related to smoking behavior of nursing students revealed by a cohort study

PURPOSE: Through a cohort study, changes in smoking behavior of nursing students and the factors related to their smoking behavior were examined. METHOD: Research through anonymous questionnaires concerning smoking behavior was conducted on nursing students in the first to third grades (as of 1997) at two vocational schools of nursing located in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. The same research was conducted in the same manner on the same subjects the following year. RESULTS: The smoking prevalence among nursing students of the first and second grades as of 1997 had increased by 10% in one year, and that of nursing students of the third grade (to graduate in 1998) had increased by 5%. The average degree of nicotine dependence of the subjects, who replied that they smoked every day in both surveys, increased from 4.25 to 5.00. As to factors related to smoking behavior, the smoking behavior of friends largely influenced that of the nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: Education to prevent nursing students from smoking should be started as soon as possible at vocational schools of nursing, because the research showed that more than 70% of the smokers had actually thought of quitting and that their views toward smoking influenced later smoking behavior.     

Smoking behavior and related factors among Japanese nursing students: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Although there have been several surveys on smoking behavior among Japanese nursing students, most have been cross-sectional studies. No longitudinal studies, such as a prospective cohort study, have ever been carried out. We therefore conducted a cohort study on, and analyzed smoking behavior and related factors among, Japanese nursing students. METHODS: A survey on smoking behavior using a confidential questionnaire was conducted on nursing students at two vocational schools of nursing and two nursing colleges/universities located in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Another survey was subsequently conducted in the same manner among the same subjects 1 year later. The surveys were conducted between 1997 and 1999. RESULTS: Over the 1-year period, the prevalence of smoking among nursing students increased by 10% for students at the vocational schools of nursing (n = 224) and by 3% for students at the nursing colleges/universities (n = 222). The average score for nicotine dependence for students who were daily smokers at both time points rose from 3.6 to 4.4 (P < 0.05). Two factors found to significantly predict smoking behavior were having friends who smoke and living alone. CONCLUSION: Smoking prevalence is increasing among Japanese nursing students. Smoking prevention and cessation interventions should be instituted in all nursing training programs.     

北京市房山区2019年中小学生尝试吸烟状况及影响因素分析

目的 为了解房山区中小学生尝试吸烟状况及其影响因素,以及烟草相关知信行情况,为进一步做好青少年控烟工作提供科学依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取房山区3所小学、2所初中、1所高中和1所职高共1 507名学生进行了问卷调查。分析不同学段学生尝试吸烟情况以及对烟草的知信行情况。使用多因素logistic回归分析儿童青少年吸烟行为的相关影响因素。 结果 房山区2019年中小学生尝试吸烟率为6.30%,小学、初中、高中、职高学生尝试吸烟率分别为3.46%、4.12%、3.53%、25.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=145.304,P＜0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示职高学段、身边有朋友吸烟、见到电视电影中有吸烟镜头、模仿偶像吸烟等变量是中小学生尝试吸烟的危险因素。烟草相关知识各题目的正确率学段差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。男生对于烟草的肯定比例明显高于女生,性别、学段差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。78.90%的学生表示今后肯定不会吸烟。52.02%的学生会劝阻身边吸烟的人,1.26%的学生会跟随身边人一起吸烟。22.16%的学生表示会模仿明星偶像抽烟,性别和学段差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。 结论 作者简介:孟毅(1982-),女,北京市房山人,学士,主管医师,主要从事学校卫生工作和健康教育工作。儿童青少年的控烟是今后降低全社会人群吸烟率的关键。控制儿童青少年吸烟需要学校、家庭和社会的综合防控,创建轻松和谐、无烟健康的支持性环境,强化知识宣教与干预,使儿童青少年牢固掌握相关知识的同时,产生心理认同,将控烟行动坚持一生。     

School factors and smoking prevalence among high school students in Japan

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between student smoking prevalence by school and school factors. Junior and senior high schools were selected from throughout Japan using a simple random sampling. One hundred junior high schools and 50 senior high schools were randomly selected. Of these 70 junior high schools (70%) and 33 senior high schools (66%) responded to this survey. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed by all enrolled students in each school. The principal of each school completed a school questionnaire about school factors. The smoking rate of male teachers was significantly related to the student smoking rate in junior high schools. This factor was still associated with the student smoking rate after adjusting for family smoking status. Surprisingly, the smoking rates for junior high school boys in schools with a school policy against teachers smoking were higher than those of schools without one. The dropout rate and the proportion of students who went on to college were significantly related to the smoking rates among senior high school students of both sexes. The regular-smoker rate of boys in schools with health education on smoking was more likely to be low. It is important to take account of school factors in designing smoking control programs for junior and senior high schools.     

Are private school students more likely to smoke than public school students in China?

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is prevalent among adolescents in China in general, however, little is known about tobacco use among students in private schools with an enrollment of 1.5 million. METHOD: In 2001, cross-sectional survey data from 2725 students in grades seven and eight (1307 sampled from private schools and 1418 sampled from public schools) were included. Smoking measures (risk of susceptibility to smoking, smoking onset, ever smoking, smoking in the past 7 days and past 30 days, established smoking) were compared between private and public school students using chi-square test, logistic regression, and survival analysis. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was more prevalent among private school students than among public school students (private vs. public: 21.9% vs. 12.3% for susceptibility to smoking, 53.9% vs. 38.2% for ever smoking, 22% vs. 12.0% for 30-day smoking, 15.9% vs. 4.0% for 7-day smoking, 4.5% vs. 1.2% for established smoking). Students in private schools are 3.4 to 3.8 times more likely to smoke than students in public schools after the adjustment of important covariates (gender, grade, peer smoking, parental smoking, and parents' occupation). Risk of smoking onset by age was also greater for private school students than for public school students. CONCLUSIONS: Being in private schools was associated with three to four times increases in the likelihood of current cigarette smoking and heightened risk of smoking onset by age. Findings from this study suggest the urgent need to collect additional data on risk and protective factors as well as the willingness to participate in effective tobacco use intervention prevention among private school students.     

北京市怀柔区中小学校控烟现况调查

目的了解北京市怀柔区中小学学生吸烟情况及对烟草相关知识的了解情况,找到适合不同类型学校特点的有效控烟干预方法,为政府部门制定相关政策、措施提供数据支持和科学依据。方法抽取怀柔辖区内的小学4所840人,初中4所684人,高中3所430人,职业学校1所252人。每所学校男女生比例尽量符合1：1。调查采用封闭式匿名问卷,由学生自行填写。问卷根据学生的学习阶段不同分为小学低年级（1～3年级）、小学高年级（4～6年级）、和中学3种。结果怀柔区小学生低年级的尝试吸烟率为15.21%,小学高年级的尝试吸烟率为0.10%,现在吸烟率0.49%;中学生的尝试吸烟率为29.51%,现在吸烟率17.20%。结论中学生控烟工作应是我区学校控烟工作的重点。     

河南省濮阳市高中学生吸烟行为及相关因素分析

目的了解濮阳市高中生的吸烟行为及相关因素，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法，对濮阳市4所高中的1421名学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查1421名高中生，吸烟报告率为29．28％；男生吸烟报告率高于女生，13岁以下开始吸烟的学生占21．88％，13～18岁之间吸烟比例最大，占66．83％，随着年级的增加，吸烟率呈上升趋势；重点高中学生吸烟报告率低于普通高中；高中生吸烟与家庭环境、父母及同学朋友的吸烟行为、父母的文化程度等有关。30．19％的学生对吸烟持赞成态度，78．82％的学生认为学校里应该戒烟。结论高中生吸烟现象较普遍，应引起学校、家庭和社会的关注和重视，积极采取有效的干预措施控制吸烟。     

某中等职业学校护理专业学生校园暴力施暴者基本特征分析

目的 了解某职中护理专业学生校园暴力施暴者基本特征。方法 采取分层随机抽样,抽取某职中护理专业医学生150名。采用问卷调查的方式对暴力施暴者基本特征进行调查。结果 有、无吸烟行为施暴发生率分别为37.04%、19.44%(χ2=7.133,P=0.008);有、无饮酒行为施暴发生率分别为35.90%、19.44%(χ2=5.027,P=0.025);有、无逃课行为施暴发生率分别为49.12%、15.05%(χ2=20.347,P＜0.001);单亲家庭、组合家庭、正常家庭的施暴发生率分别为68.29%、25.00%、10.11%(χ2=47.232,P＜0.001);父母学历水平为大专及以上、中专/高中、初中及以下的施暴发生率分别为14.29%、20.93%、38.89%,差异有统计学意义(Z=-9.748,P＜0.001);有、无打骂的教育方式的施暴发生率分别为44.93%、13.58%(χ2=18.182,P＜0.05);住校、非住校就读的施暴发生率分别为42.47%、14.29%(χ2=14.761,P＜0.05);一、二、三年级的施暴发生率分别为19.30%、22.45%、45.45%(Z=-9.764,P＜0.001);学习成绩排班级前1/4、中等、后1/4的施暴发生率分别为13.51%、24.64%、45.45%(χ2=10.888,P=0.004)。多因素分析结果显示,与施暴行为有关的因素有:吸烟、逃课、打骂教养方式、就读形式、年级、学习成绩。其中,吸烟中的无吸烟行为、逃课中的无逃课行为、教养方式中的无打骂教养方式、就读形式中的非住校就读是防制施暴行为发生的因素(P值均＜0.05)。结论 护理专业医学生无吸烟行为、无逃课行为、无打骂教养方式、非住校就读是防制施暴行为发生的影响因素。     

上海市闵行区华漕社区农民工学校学生沙眼患病情况调查

目的调查了解上海市闵行区华漕社区农民工学校学生沙眼的患病情况,并分析其影响因素。方法随机抽取华漕社区1所农民工学校和1所本地学校进行沙眼普查及沙眼问卷调查,比较2校的沙眼患病率并分析其影响因素。所有被调查对象均进行临床检查。结果调查农民工学校1 529名学生中,临床诊断194名学生患有沙眼,沙眼患病率为12.69%;本地学校975名学生当中,临床诊断52名学生患有沙眼,沙眼患病率为5.33%。农民工学校学生沙眼患病率明显高于本地学校(P<0.05);危险因素分析表明沙眼与是否共用毛巾、饭前便后洗手、用脏手揉眼睛、游泳、居住环境等因素密切相关。结论该社区农民工学校沙眼患病率仍较高,社区医院需每年对农民工学校学生进行沙眼普查,加大对农民工学生及家长的个人卫生习惯行为干预,增加学生对沙眼的认识。     

Differences in students' smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among public, factory, and private secondary schools in Guangzhou, China

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of smoking among Chinese adolescents has dramatically increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Chinese students in 3 types of secondary schools. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,957 students of seventh, eighth, and ninth grades and 2,870 student parents from 3 public, 1 factory, and 2 general-paid private secondary schools at Guangzhou in 2004. Participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, smoking-related family and school environments, smoking-related knowledge and attitudes, and smoking behaviors. RESULTS: The average scores of students' smoking-related knowledge and attitudes (higher score, more against smoking) were highest in the factory school, followed by public schools and private schools. The differences among them were statistically significantly (P < .05). The lifetime smoking prevalence was also significantly different (P < .001) among 3 types of schools: 35.4% in private schools, 17.4% in public schools, and 13.2% in the factory school. The prevalence of students' weekly smoking was also higher in private schools (6.2%) than in public schools (4.9%) or the factory school (4.0%). Similar disparity was observed in the prevalence of daily smoking (3.9% private, 3.5% public, and 2.7% factory). However, differences in weekly and daily smoking were not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with students in public and factory schools, those in general-paid private schools had poorer smoking-related knowledge, more supportive attitudes toward smoking, and more popular smoking behaviors. Therefore, more intensive smoking prevention programs should be implemented among them.     

Incidence and variables contributing to onset of cigarette smoking among secondary school children and medical students in Lagos, Nigeria.

This paper reports the findings of a survey of smoking habits among secondary schoolchildren and medical students in Lagos, Nigeria. Altogether 40% of boys and 8.4% of girls at secondary school, and 72.4% of men and 22.2% of women at medical school were found to smoke. While the smoking habit of the secondary schoolboys was influenced by the smoking habits of their parents and friends, the smoking habit of the secondary schoolgirls and female medical students was mainly influenced by that of their friends. This study provides a baseline against which future studies on smoking habits in developing African countries may be measured, and the results show that health education on cigarette smoking must start in primary and secondary schools.     

US college students' exposure to tobacco promotions: prevalence and association with tobacco use

OBJECTIVES: We assessed young adults' exposure to the tobacco industry marketing strategy of sponsoring social events at bars, nightclubs, and college campuses. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2001 Harvard College Alcohol Study, a random sample of 10904 students enrolled in 119 nationally representative 4-year colleges and universities. RESULTS: During the 2000-2001 school year, 8.5% of respondents attended a bar, nightclub, or campus social event where free cigarettes were distributed. Events were reported by students attending 118 of the 119 schools (99.2%). Attendance was associated with a higher student smoking prevalence after we adjusted for demographic factors, alcohol use, and recent bar/nightclub attendance. This association remained for students who did not smoke regularly before 19 years of age but not for students who smoked regularly by 19 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Attendance at a tobacco industry-sponsored event at a bar, nightclub, or campus party was associated with a higher smoking prevalence among college students. Promotional events may encourage the initiation or the progression of tobacco use among college students who are not smoking regularly when they enter college.     

蒙古族与汉族大学生吸烟知信行现状调查

目的了解蒙古族大学生吸烟知、信、行的现状。方法按照民族、性别分层，以年级为单位，采用整群随机抽样，对兰州市西北民族大学271名蒙古族大学生和280名汉族大学生的吸烟行为、吸烟危害性认知和受教情况等问卷调查。结果蒙古族和汉族大学生吸第1支烟的时间以上中、小学时为最多，男大学生过去30d内吸烟率为50．36％，蒙古族高于汉族（P〈0．05）。52．81％的大学生支持公共场所禁烟，蒙古族低于汉族（P〈0．05）。45．92％的大学生在过去1年中，在学校未明确受到过吸烟危害性相关知识的教育，蒙古族高于汉族（P〈0．05）。结论蒙古族大学生的吸烟现象比汉族更为普遍，学校需要进一步开展健康教育，使吸烟的学生戒烟，不吸烟的学生继续保持，降低大学生特别是蒙古族大学生的吸烟率，提高他们的健康水平     

淄博市初中生尝试吸烟及二手烟暴露情况调查

目的 了解淄博市初中生尝试吸烟及二手烟暴露情况,为淄博市青少年控烟工作的开展提供依据.方法 随机整群抽取淄博市3所初中,使用统一的调查问卷对在校学生进行烟草流行情况调查,并采用尝试吸烟率、二手烟暴露率以及烟草信息接收等指标进行分析.结果 共调查451名初中生,尝试吸烟率为6.0％,其中男生(6.3％)高于女生(5.7％...     

Tobacco use among youth and adults in Mainland China: the China Seven Cities Study

OBJECTIVE: The China Seven Cities Study (CSCS) monitors geographic and temporal trends in tobacco use among adolescents and adults in seven cities throughout Mainland China: Harbin, Shenyang, Wuhan, Chengdu, Kunming, Hangzhou, and Qingdao. This article presents the methodology and prevalence data from the baseline survey of the CSCS, conducted in 2002. METHODS: Stratified random samples of middle schools, high schools, and colleges were selected within each city. Students and their parents completed self-report surveys of their tobacco use. Data were obtained from 6138 middle school students, 5848 academic high school students, 2448 vocational high school students, 2556 college students, and 25 697 parents. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence varied across age groups, school types, genders, and cities. Past-month smoking prevalence was 9% among middle school students, 8% among academic high school students, 26% among vocational high school students, 21% among college students, and 40% among parents. Smoking prevalence was higher among males than among females, with larger gender disparities among adults than among youth. Smoking also varied across cities, with higher smoking prevalence in southwestern cities and lower prevalence in coastal cities. Intraclass correlations of students within schools are presented to inform statistical power estimates for further research in China. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a baseline for future longitudinal studies of smoking in these cities and identify demographic groups at risk for tobacco-related disease. Effective smoking prevention programmes for youth and smoking cessation programmes for adults are needed in China, especially in the lower-income southwestern cities and in vocational high schools throughout the country.     

成都市青少年吸烟现况调查

目的：了解成都市青少年目前的吸烟现状，制订相应的干预策略。方法：在成都市随机抽取了7所中学的14个班级和2所大学的某些系学生参与问卷调查。结果：本次共调查学生1029人，在中学生中32．9％的被调查者承认曾经尝试吸烟，其中职高学生无论是男性和女性吸烟率均高于同年龄段的高中学生，大学66.6％的被调查者承认曾经尝试吸烟；中学生的平均开始吸烟年龄（中位数）为13．25岁，其中男性13.35岁，女性12.9岁。大学生的平均吸烟年龄（中位数）为13.63岁，其中男性13.28岁，女性15．83岁。结论：成都市青少年吸烟在全国处于较高水平，平均开始吸烟年龄也较低，表明成都市应更加关注青少年控烟工作，采取相应的干预控制，加强健康教育，让青少年树立正确的健康观念。     

A Multi-Level Analysis Examining how Smoking Friends, Parents, and Older Students in the School Environment are Risk Factors for Susceptibility to Smoking Among Non-Smoking Elementary School Youth

The purpose of this study was to examine how social models for smoking are related to smoking susceptibility among a sample of non-smoking elementary school students. The Tobacco Module of the School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System (SHAPES) was administered to 6,431 students (grades 6 to 8) in 57 elementary schools in the province of Ontario, Canada. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to examine how smoking friends, parents, and the prevalence of smoking among grade 8 students at a school were related to smoking susceptibility among the 2,478 non-smoking grade 6 and 7 students. Findings indicate that non-smoking grade 6 and 7 students are more likely to be susceptible to smoking if they have (a) smoking friends, (b) a mother who smokes, or (c) two or more close friends who smoke and attend a school with a relatively high smoking rate among the grade 8 students. Sub-populations of non-smoking youth may be at increased risk for smoking because of the elementary school they attend. Future school-based smoking prevention programs might benefit from targeting prevention programming activities to the schools that are putting students at the greatest risk for smoking.     

广州市中学生吸烟状况调查

目的了解广州市中学生的吸烟状况,为采取针对性的控烟措施提供参考依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,对广州市28所中学12~18岁的中学生8 054名进行吸烟状况的问卷调查。结果广州市中学生有吸烟史者占8.38%,每天平均吸烟1支以上者占1.40%;有吸烟史的学生与不吸烟学生相比,其家庭成员、朋友或同学也有吸烟行为的比例较高(P<0.01);对香烟烟雾化学成分的认识率也高(P<0.01);吸烟危害性知晓率低(P<0.01);经常吸烟的学生赞成禁烟的百分率较低(P<0.01)。吸烟影响健康的知识来源主要是学校教育。结论应加强对中学生经常性的控烟健康教育,使其养成良好的行为习惯,降低吸烟率。     

Risk factors for smoking among school adolescents in Greece

Objective We conducted this study among school adolescents to identify factors, which influence schoolchildren to smoke. Methods We carried out a cross‐sectional study in a sample of 924 students of all classes (ages 12–18 years old) in 15 public high schools in a semi‐urban area in Crete, Greece, using a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of 46 questions covering children's lifestyle habits regarding daily activities and leisure time, frequency of risk‐taking behaviour, knowledge about the hazards and long‐term consequences of smoking. Results 23.9% of participants were experimental smokers and 18.6% were current smokers. 11.4% of the total population was daily smokers. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of experimental and current smokers with school grades, while peaks in last grades were observed. Boys started smoking earlier than girls, mean (standard error) age 13.4 (2.3) years vs. 14.1 (2.3) years, P = 0.01. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed a positive relationship between current smoking and having brother or sister smoking [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.7 (1.7–4.4) and 1.8 (1.1–3.3) respectively], having more than three friends who were smokers [2.6 (2–3.4)] and last school grade [1.4 (1.2–1.7)]. Students appeared to be informed about long‐term smoking hazards and had negative views on children who smoke especially in the lower grades. Conclusions Prevention programmes should be imposed early in elementary schools while cessation policies should target at all grades, in particular at critical grades depending on population‐specific characteristics.     

北京市中学生吸烟现状及影响因素研究

目的了解北京市中学生吸烟行为的现状以及研究相关影响因素。方法采用横断面研究的方法,于2013年9—10月随机从城区、近郊区、远郊区中抽取2个区,每区随机抽取2所高中、2所初中,共6个区24所学校进行问卷调查,对2395份有效样本,其中男生1232名,女生1163名进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果所调查中学生吸烟率为9.5%;男性吸烟率14.7%高于女性4.0%（P〈0.05）。初一~高三学生的吸烟率分别为3.6%、6.3%、7.9%、7.5%、13.4%和21.0%。Logistic回归结果显示男性（OR=4.18）、高年级（以初一学生为基准,初二~高三OR值分别为1.80、2.32、2.17、4.17和7.13）、自感孤独（OR=1.31）是吸烟行为的危险因素（P〈0.05）;父母文化程度高（以初中及以下为基准,高中、大专、本科及以上OR值分别为0.721、0.377和0.476）为吸烟行为的保护因素（P〈0.05）。结论中学生吸烟率较高,高年级男生是干预重点,吸烟行为受学生所受到的社会支持水平影响,减少吸烟行为需要家庭、学校多方面共同参与。