16排螺旋CT在高危胸痛患者诊断中的应用

目的研究16排螺旋CT一次扫描同时完成冠状动脉、主动脉和肺动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查对鉴别高危胸痛的价值。方法2005年12月至2007年6月在笔者医院住院及急诊胸痛患者38例,其中男性21例,女性17例,年龄47～76岁。临床症状为胸痛、胸闷、憋气、心前区不适等。检查时,心率要求70次/分以下,心率快者给予含服倍他乐克,心率符合要求后扫描。应用TOSHIBA AQUILION 16排螺旋CT,先行胸部CT平扫,然后利用回顾性心电门控技术行胸部CT增强扫描。应用VR、CPR等方法观察冠状动脉情况,应用电影显示、VR、MIP等方式观察肺动脉情况,应用MPR、CPR、VR等方式重建并观察主动脉情况。结果38例患者一次检查均可清晰显示肺动脉段以上分支、胸主动脉及冠状动脉左右主干及主要分支。共发现冠状动脉狭窄34例,肺动脉栓塞4例,主动脉夹层2例。从冠状动脉各支显示情况来看,显示最清晰的是左主干、左前降支近段、左回旋支近端,其次为右冠状动脉,再次为各主干分支,38例患者冠状动脉共显示247支,其中发现狭窄47支。肺动脉4、5、6级分支应用MIP、VR及电影显示均可清晰观察,共发现肺动脉栓塞4例,2例为一侧肺动脉干栓塞,其余均为两下肺动脉4、5级分支多发栓塞。结论16排螺旋CT一次动脉期增强扫描显示肺动脉、胸主动脉及冠状动脉,对胸痛病因的诊断及鉴别诊断效果可靠。     

双源 CT 冠状动脉成像诊断冠心病的临床应用

目的:研究双源CT冠状动脉成像检查在冠心病诊断中的临床应用价值.方法:选取2018年3月2021年9月本院心内科就诊的疑似冠心病患者82例为研究对象,对比不同检查方法检查结果,分析双源CT冠状动脉成像方法检出结果效能,分析冠状动脉造影与双源CT冠状动脉成像方法检查的一致性.结果:冠状动脉造影检查结果:确诊冠心病75例,发现126支冠状动脉狭窄,其中左主干10支,前降支68支,回旋支28支,右冠状动脉20支;双源CT冠状动脉成像检查结果:确诊冠心病71例,发现110支冠状动脉狭窄,其中左主干8支,前降支60支,回旋支23支,右冠状动脉19支.两种检查方法结果相符病变血管109支,且双源CT冠状动脉成像检出软斑块56例.双源CT冠状动脉成像准确度、灵敏度、特异度分别为93.71％、86.51％、99.37％.双源CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影在冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％的中、重度冠脉狭窄的显示一致性较高(K值=0.877,P<0.05).结论:双源CT冠状动脉成像检查在冠心病诊断中的临床应用价值确切,且具有一定安全性,为临床治疗方案提供依据.     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影初步探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的可行性及不同心率下冠状动脉的显示能力.方法16例多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影.东芝AQUILION多层螺旋CT采集原始数据,扫描速度0.32s/270°,层厚2mm,螺距1.0-1.2.对比剂安射力2ml/kg,注射速率3.5ml/s.延迟时间20s,SGI02图像后处理工作站,后处理软件为ALATOVIEW版本Version1.42;采用遮盖容积重建(SVR)、多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)后处理技术.结果心率＜60次/min时冠状动脉主干及主要分支(前降支、回旋支)显示最清晰,心率60～79次/min时冠状动脉主干及主要分支显示较清晰,心率＞80次/min时冠状动脉主要分支显示不清.结论一定心率及扫描参数、对比剂使用合适前提下,多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可获得满意的冠状动脉主干及主要分支图像.     

双源CT冠脉成像对冠状动脉畸形的诊断价值

目的：探讨双源CT（DSCT）冠脉成像在冠状动脉畸形（CAA）诊断中的价值。方法：回顾分析357例经DSCT冠脉成像检出的冠状动脉畸形患者的MPR、VR、MIP及CPR图像,其中31例患者的图像与常规冠状动脉血管造影（CAG）进行对照。结果：DSCT冠脉成像检出的357例冠状动脉畸形中,冠状动脉起源异常37例,包括冠状动脉高位起源15例,冠状动脉起源于对侧冠状窦13例,回旋支起自左冠状窦7例,回旋支起自右冠状窦1例,单一冠状动脉1例;本组冠状动脉走行异常均表现为心肌桥（MB）,其发现MB319例326处;冠状动脉终止异常中冠状动脉瘘1例。其中31例于DSCT冠脉造影后行CAG检查,DSCT冠脉成像检出27例29处MB者CAG仅检出21例22处,但3例冠状动脉起源异常及1例冠状动脉瘘行CAG全部检出。结论：DSCT冠脉成像能清晰地显示各种冠状动脉畸形,为术前评估及预后判断提供重要信息,亦可作为随诊复查的可靠方法。     

“一站式”Hybrid手术治疗冠状动脉多支病变的初步体会

目的 探讨“一站式”Hybrid技术在冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用价值及临床近中期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2013年5月-2014年5月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院心脏血管外科一病区接受“一站式”Hybrid手术治疗的7例冠状动脉多支病变患者的资料并随访,手术由同一组医生完成.病例入选标准为:前降支病变较重不适合置入支架、非前降支适合置入支架的冠状动脉多支病变患者.其中男6例、女1例,年龄54 ～ 77岁,SYNTAX评分为27 ～ 36分.7例患者中左主干皆正常,左前降支近中段长段狭窄或多处狭窄大于85％5例,左前降支近中段闭塞性病变2例,回旋支及右冠状动脉均存在1～2处局限性狭窄,均有陈旧性心肌梗死,合并糖尿病3例.左室射血分数55％ ～65％,平均57.13％.结果 手术后无死亡;7例Hybrid患者术后即刻行冠状动脉造影及乳内动脉桥造影显示,吻合口及支架置入处通畅满意.随访1 ～12个月,所有患者心绞痛症状消失.手术后心电图检查无一例新增心肌梗死出现.结论 对于前降支不适合置入支架,非前降支适合置入支架的冠状动脉多支病变患者采用“一站式”Hybrid技术,有较好的临床疗效.个体化的微创手术方法才会使患者真正受益.     

16层螺旋CT对肌桥和壁冠状动脉的诊断价值

目的研究16层螺旋CT对肌桥的诊断及多时相重建对壁冠状动脉狭窄的评价。方法回顾总结我院自2005年9月～2008年3月期间,通过306例冠状动脉CT成像（冠脉CTA）的检查,检出了14例冠脉肌桥患者,经过原始轴位观察、多方位重组（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）对肌桥位置的确定,包埋的厚度、范围进行判定,并且利用多时相重建和4D技术对壁冠状动脉在收缩期和舒张期管腔狭窄程度进行评价。结果14例肌桥患者有10例发生在前降支中段,3例发生在对角支近段,其中8例壁冠状动脉在收缩期和舒张期均无狭窄,3例壁冠状动脉在收缩期有轻度狭窄,3例壁冠状动脉中度狭窄,近段冠脉有软硬斑块。结论16层螺旋CT能够很好的显示肌桥的位置、包埋的厚度和范围,对壁冠状动脉在不同时相管腔狭窄程度能够进行正确判断。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉图像质量评估

目的量化评估16层螺旋CT冠状动脉各分支图像质量,探讨冠状动脉CT成像的临床应用效果。方法采用16层螺旋CT对102例患者行回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像,男60例,女42例,平均年龄（57．8±9．4）岁,平均心率（62．8±10．2）次／min。心率〈60次／min（n=40）为I组,60～70次／min（n=35）为Ⅱ组,〉70次／min（n=27）为Ⅲ组。4条冠状动脉分支（左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉）分别用于图像质量分析。扫描原始数据以间隔10％在20％～80％时相分别回顾性重建冠状动脉图像,用横断面、曲面重建、容积再现等方法对冠状动脉显示率评估。用曲面重建方法测量冠状动脉各分支长度及近段和远段对比噪声比。结果①冠状动脉各分支平均显示长度：左主干（10．9±3．0）mm,左前降支（130．3±29．7）mm,左回旋支（82．8±19．8）mm,右冠状动脉（150．5±27．5）mm;②Ⅰ组60％和70％为最佳时相图像质量优,Ⅱ组60％时相为最佳时相图像质量优,Ⅲ组RCA较优的时相为40％,LM、LAD、LCX较优时相为60％。③所有冠状动脉分支平均对比噪声比10．9±3．2。结论16层螺旋CT有较好质量的冠状动脉图像,心率和时相影响冠状动脉的成像质量。     

冠状动脉16层螺旋CT成像技术特点及临床应用

通过对38例临床怀疑冠心病的患者进行16层螺旋CT(Spiral computed tomography,SCT)心电门控平扫及增强扫描,探讨16层SCT冠脉的成像技术特点及其初步临床应用价值。对所有病例的舒张期增强扫描图像行多平面重建(Multiple planar reconstruction,MPR)、最大密度投影(Maximum intensity projection,MIP)及容积再现(Volume rendering technique,VRT),并根据需要行曲面重组(Curved planar reformat,CPR)及仿真内窥镜(Virtual endoscopy VE)重建。总结16层SCT冠脉成像的显示情况,分析影响冠脉成像的因素。结果表明,38例中,右冠脉、后降支、左冠脉主干、左前降支、对角支、左回旋支及左缘支横断面图像的显示率分别为94.7%、89.5%、97.4%、94.7%、94.4%、94.7%及89.5%,明显高于3D图像(MIP和VRT)的显示率(P<0.01)。所以16层SCT冠脉横断面图像与3D重建图像能准确地显示冠脉主干及其主要分支的走行及异常,是一种无创性的冠脉疾病筛选、诊断及术后评价的检查方法。影响冠脉图像质量的因素主要有心率、心律、呼吸运动以及重建相位窗等。     

“一站式” Hybrid手术治疗冠状动脉多支病变的初步体会

目的 探讨 “一站式”Hybrid技术在冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用价值及临床近中期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2013年5月—2014年5月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院心脏血管外科一病区接受“一站式” Hybrid手术治疗的7例冠状动脉多支病变患者的资料并随访,手术由同一组医生完成。病例入选标准为:前降支病变较重不适合置入支架、非前降支适合置入支架的冠状动脉多支病变患者。其中男6例、女1例,年龄54~77岁,SYNTAX评分为27~36分。7例患者中左主干皆正常,左前降支近中段长段狭窄或多处狭窄大于85% 5例,左前降支近中段闭塞性病变2例,回旋支及右冠状动脉均存在1~2处局限性狭窄,均有陈旧性心肌梗死,合并糖尿病3例。左室射血分数55%～65%,平均57.13%。结果 手术后无死亡;7例Hybrid患者术后即刻行冠状动脉造影及乳内动脉桥造影显示,吻合口及支架置入处通畅满意。随访1～12个月,所有患者心绞痛症状消失。手术后心电图检查无一例新增心肌梗死出现。结论 对于前降支不适合置入支架,非前降支适合置入支架的冠状动脉多支病变患者采用“一站式”Hybrid技术,有较好的临床疗效。个体化的微创手术方法才会使患者真正受益。     

全数字化血管造影机应用探讨

目的探讨应用全数字化血管造影机检查的图像质量及X射线剂量.方法 500人次冠状动脉造影检查,常规拍摄左前斜位加头位或足位,右前斜位加头位或足位,必要时加摄蜘蛛位.结果采取支架植入治疗左前降支狭窄92例,左回旋支狭窄28例及右冠状动脉狭窄45例,冠状动脉微细血管显示佳,管腔内血栓、血管内膜撕裂、支架等显示清晰.结论全数字化血管造影机采集的图像佳,X线剂量较低.     

冠脉CT与冠脉造影诊断心肌桥的临床价值比较

目的:比较冠脉CT与冠脉造影诊断心肌桥的临床价值。方法:收集2015年7月~2020年7月苏州大学第二附属医院心内科收治的107例疑似冠心病患者临床资料。依次进行冠脉CT和冠脉造影检查,计算壁冠状动脉（MCA）狭窄程度,观察前降支、对角支、钝缘支、后降支和回旋支冠脉分布走行以及与心肌的关系,测量心肌桥长度和厚度。比较两种检查方法图像质量优良率、心肌桥检出率以及心肌桥测量指标。分析两种检查方法显示MCA狭窄程度和诊断心肌桥的一致性。以冠脉造影为金标准,计算敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,评估冠脉CT判断MCA中重度狭窄和诊断心肌桥的价值。结果:两种检查方法图像质量优良率均较好,冠脉CT心肌桥检出率显著高于冠脉造影（25.23% vs 14.02%, P<0.05）;冠脉CT测得心肌桥长度大于冠脉造影,MCA狭窄程度低于冠脉造影,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;冠脉CT和冠脉造影显示MCA狭窄程度的一致性较好（Kappa=0.832, P<0.05）;与冠脉造影比较,冠脉CT判断MCA中重度狭窄的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.63%、86.67%、74.36%、95.59%、87.85%;冠脉CT和冠脉造影诊断心肌桥的一致性较好（Kappa=0.815, P<0.05）;与冠脉造影比较,冠脉CT诊断心肌桥的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为64.29%、73.33%、69.23%、68.75%、68.97%。结论:冠脉CT与冠脉造影对心肌桥诊断均具有一定价值,而冠脉CT具有无创性、图像质量优良率高,且对心肌桥位置及分布显示佳,并对MCA狭窄具有较高敏感度和特异度,更具临床应用优势。     

Variant of the left coronary artery with an unusual origin and course: Anatomic and postmortem angiographic findings

This study demonstrates anatomic and postmortem angiographic findings characterizing the origin of the left coronary (LC) artery arising in common trunk with the right coronary (RC) artery from the right aortic sinus and its course via the ventricular septum (VS) to the left heart. This anomaly was a single finding observed among 388 angiographies and 60 corrosion castings. The course of the LC was divided in four segments. The first three form a curve that is upward concave. Large branches to the septomarginal trabecula (ST), VS, diagonals (DS), and the small anterior interventricular (anterior descending) artery originated from the outer part of this curve. In the anteroposterior x-ray, the above curve resembles a deep-bottom pot with a handle corresponding to the fourth segment. In the right anterior oblique, the first and second segments form a large erect angle. The third segment occupies the lower part of the absent proximal anterior interventricular artery, and the fourth crosses the outflow tract and the first segment in the middle. The course of these four segments of LC resembles the shape of the number 6. These findings are important for interpreting coronary angiographies in patients with this anomaly. Clin. Anat. 11:367–371, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Changes in Coronary Perfusion after Occlusion of Coronary Arteries in Kawasaki Disease

Purpose

Myocardial infarction in children with total occlusion of a coronary artery after Kawasaki disease is rare due to multiple collateral vessels. We aimed to investigate the changes in coronary perfusion associated with coronary artery occlusion after Kawasaki disease.

Materials and Methods

Eleven patients with coronary artery occlusion after Kawasaki disease were investigated. Serial coronary angiographies after total occlusion of a coronary artery were reviewed and the changes were described in all patients with additive information collected.

Results

The median age at the occlusion was 5.9 years old. The interval to occlusion was 6.2±6.9 years. Four left anterior descending coronary artery total occlusions and 10 right coronary artery total occlusions were detected. Immediate coronary artery bypass graft for left anterior descending coronary artery total occlusion made right coronary total occlusion occurred in all except one patient and the intervals thereof were 1 year, 1.8 years, and 4 years. Collaterals to the left coronary artery regressed after recanalization, while new collaterals to the right coronary artery developed. In three, collaterals to the right coronary artery decreased without recanalization without clinical signs.

Conclusion

The right coronary artery should be followed up carefully because of possible occlusion of new onset or changes in collaterals.     

Animal models of coronary heart disease

Cardiovascular disease, predominantly coronary heart disease and stroke, leads to high morbidity and mortality not only in developed worlds but also in underdeveloped regions. The dominant pathologic foundation for cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis and, as to coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis and resulting lumen stenosis, even total occlusions. In translational research, several animals, such as mice, rabbits and pigs, have been used as disease models of human atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders. However, coronary lesions are either naturally rare or hard to be fast induced in these models, hence, coronary heart disease induction mostly relies on surgical or pharmaceutical interventions with no or limited primary coronary lesions, thus unrepresentative of human coronary heart disease progression and pathology. In this review, we describe the progress of animal models of coronary heart disease following either spontaneous or diet accelerated coronary lesions.     

Rapid progression of nonculprit coronary lesions six weeks after successful primary PCI in culprit artery： a case report

We report a case of a 49-year-old man who was admitted with a 3-hour history of sudden onset of substemal chest pain. Coronary angiography revealed that the left circumflex artery （LCX） was acutely and totally occluded at the mid-portion. In addition, the proximal and mid-portion of the right coronary artery （RCA） had a 60% occlusion. We inferred that the LCX was the culprit artery and primary PCI was successfully performed. Six weeks later, the patient had an eventful course with recurrence of chest pain. Coronary angiography showed no significant ste- nosis in the previous LCX lesion, while the proximal and middle potion of the RCA had a 90% occlusion. Our case demonstrates the systemic nature of acute coronary syndromes and highlights the inherent instability of coronary artery disease.     

老年冠心病慢性闭塞病变的介入治疗探讨

目的探讨老年冠心病患者采用经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的中短期疗效。方法对102例住院老年患者采用股动脉穿刺后,行球囊扩张,造影显示扩张满意后植入合适支架。术后随访6-32个月。结果102例患者术后临床症状均完全或基本完全缓解。本组患者有19例多支病变患者至少有一支慢性完全闭塞血管经努力而未能开通,无法植入支架。102例患者通过随访6-32个月,其中32例患者接受了冠脉造影复查,有17例患者分别于术后6个月至16个月又出现胸痛、胸闷症状。超声心动图检查射血分数(EF),心功能术后较术前明显改善,P<0.05。结论对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞的老年患者,无论核素或超声检查是否存在存活心肌,均应尽量进行闭塞病变的介入治疗,以期改善患者的远期预后。     

右冠状动脉起源于左主干5例临床分析

目的：分析右冠状动脉起源于左主干的临床特征，探讨其与心肌缺血的关系。方法：回顾分析5例右冠状动脉起源于左主干的临床资料及相关文献。结果：（1）本组5例患者中，女性1例，男性4例，年龄27～70岁。（2）临床表现主要为胸痛、胸闷等心绞痛症状，除1例老年患者外，其余4例病人都有典型的心绞痛症状和缺血心电图变化。（3）冠状动脉造影示3例合并严重冠状动脉粥样硬化，给予冠状动脉搭桥术，术后随访2月～6年无明显不适；另2例冠状动脉无明显病变，药物治疗后仍有劳累性心绞痛发作，其中1例半年后猝死。结论：右冠状动脉起源于左主干是一种罕见的冠脉畸形，对存在严重心肌缺血的患者应进行预防性冠状动脉搭桥术或介入治疗，预防不良事件的发生。     

胃网膜动脉与冠状动脉搭桥术的应用解剖

为胃网膜动脉与冠状动脉搭桥术提供解剖学资料。本文在30具成年尸体上对胃网膜动脉、网膜动脉和冠状动脉进行了观测。测量结果:胃网膜动脉弓长度为29.3cm;而胃网膜右动脉的起始部至主动脉根部为28.9cm;胃网膜左动脉起始部至主动脉根部为29.2cm。测量数据表明,应用胃网膜动脉移位术足以吻接任何冠状动脉。     

Giant coronary sinus aneurysm secondary to right coronary arteriovenous fistula leading to pseudo-mitral stenosis

We herein report a case in which a right coronary to coronary sinus arteriovenous fistula determined progressive aneurysmatic dilatation of the coronary sinus. Severe compression of the left atrium ensued. This led to a clinical and instrumental picture similar to that observed in severe mitral stenosis.     

Comparing mortality and myocardial infarction between coronary artery bypass grafting and drug-eluting stenting in patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

Introduction

We aim to compare the midterm outcomes between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic patients who had multivessel coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Material and methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the related clinical studies with a follow-up for 1 year at least. The endpoints were death, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

Results

Finally, the analysis of ten studies involving 5,264 patients showed that patients with CABG had worse baseline characteristics, a higher rate of stable angina pectoris, a higher percentage of triple-vessel disease, higher incidence of chronic total occlusion and a higher SYNTAX score. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. Additionally, the rates of myocardial infarction and MACCE were markedly decreased in the CABG group.

Conclusions

The strategy of CABG is better than PCI for diabetic patients with multivessel CAD. The CABG can significantly reduce the rates of myocardial infarction and MACCE and is comparable in mortality despite the worse baseline characteristics.