肝衰竭中医病因病机浅析

肝衰竭的发病与＂湿＂＂热＂＂毒＂＂瘀＂＂痰＂有关,病机主要为湿热疫毒炽盛,深入营血,充斥三焦,痰毒内闭,脉络瘀阻,多脏受累,变症丛生,且可因热毒内陷,正气耗伤,导致邪闭正脱的危候。     

化疗性静脉炎的中医治疗进展

认为化疗药物多为辛热之品,在特定条件下转化为火热毒邪,易耗伤阴血津液,继而产生瘀血痰浊,从而气血受阻。故其病机主要是由经脉创伤、火热毒邪外侵、气血瘀滞,致使热、毒、痰、瘀相互博结,阻于脉络所致,针对性使用具有活血化瘀、清热解毒功效的中药可取得良好的治疗效果,对于防治化疗性静脉炎具有重要意义。     

支气管扩张症中医辨证治疗概要

基于长期临床实践,总结了支气管扩张症基本病机为痰瘀毒痹积损,正虚邪实间杂并相互影响。正虚为肺气虚、脾气虚、气阴两虚等,日久不复而又生痰、瘀;邪实为痰热、痰浊、瘀血,日久累积酿毒、痹阻肺气,复伤肺之形气。常见证候为实证类(痰热壅肺证、痰浊阻肺证)、正虚邪恋类(肺气虚证、肺脾气虚证、气阴两虚证)、兼证类(血瘀证)三证类六证候,急性加重期则以实证类为主而常兼虚证,缓解期则为正虚邪恋而常兼实证。     

非典型肺炎中医药防治技术方案(试行)

非典型肺炎属于中医“温病”的范畴。病因为感受疫毒时邪,病位在肺。基本病机特点为:热毒痰瘀,壅阻肺络,热盛邪实,湿邪内蕴,耗气伤阴,甚则出现气急喘脱的危象。     

金明秀教授从“毒”论治痛风性关节炎经验总结

痛风性关节炎是一种慢性代谢性风湿病。金明秀教授认为,痛风性关节炎多以毒邪为患,毒邪侵袭或损伤经络,导致经脉痹阻不通。其病机为脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀血痹阻为标,属本虚标实之证,以脾肾亏虚,毒邪痹阻为病机特点。急性期治疗以清热祛湿化痰活血排毒为大法,慢性缓解期以伏毒内蕴为基本病机,以补益脾肾、化浊解毒为主要治则。遵循以上治则辨证论治,遣方用药,疗效显著。     

从虚痰瘀毒论治顽固性心力衰竭

顽固性心力衰竭的发生发展与虚、痰、瘀、毒密切相关。其病因病机演变极为复杂,主要表现为阳（气）虚、痰湿、血瘀、热毒等方面。从虚痰瘀毒论治顽固性心力衰竭,可根据其不同证候阶段所表现的阳（气）虚、痰湿、瘀血、热毒的轻重不同进行辨证治疗,从而找出虚—痰—瘀—毒的辨证及治疗规律。在顽固性心力衰竭早期多表现为气虚血瘀,痰浊痹阻;当顽固性心力衰竭形成后,则以瘀阻心脉为主要表现,且易形成痰瘀互结。虚、痰、瘀、毒四者并不是孤立存在的,而是具有密切的内在联系性。气虚血瘀、痰湿壅盛、热毒入络是形成顽固性心力衰竭的重要因素,益气温阳、祛痰利湿、化瘀通络、清热解毒是治疗顽固性心力衰竭的主要治法。     

类风湿关节炎病机理论研究进展

回顾近10年关于类风湿关节炎中医病机的文献,总结其基本病机为内外因相合、本虚标实,主要表现为因虚致痹、脏腑功能失调、瘀热痹阻、热毒入络、痰瘀互结几种类型。参考文献35篇。     

痰瘀相关学说与络病

络病多以络脉损伤为基础,气血瘀阻为特征,脏腑功能失调为临床表现。其基本病理变化多是络脉郁滞,并伴有痰、湿、瘀、毒等病邪的聚集。络脉是络病的中心环节,痰瘀互结是络脉损伤的基本演变过程。任何原因导致的络脉损伤均可引起气血运行障碍,从而加重痰浊、瘀血痹阻,二者相互影响,相互促进。     

从毒、虚论述肺间质纤维化的病因病机

对肺间质纤维化与肺痹的关系进行论述,从毒、虚两方面探讨肺间质纤维化的中医病因及病机。认为毒损肺络、邪毒顽恶难解、痰瘀胶结、正气损耗是肺痹相关肺间质纤维化的病机关键;脏腑损伤增加毒邪化生,而毒邪内伏可进一步损伤脏腑之正气,终致毒、痰、瘀、虚互结,病势缠绵,变证丛生。因此,虚、瘀、痰、毒是肺间质纤维化发生发展的基本病理特点。     

徐经世治疗痛风经验

国医大师徐经世认为,痛风的病因病机可概括为“痛风非风,病在肝脾肾,责之湿痰瘀”;应采取分期分型相结合的方法辨证论治,活动期根据病程长短分为急性活动期的湿热痹阻型和慢性活动期的痰瘀互结型,缓解期以脏腑阴阳为纲,分为肝肾阴虚和脾肾阳虚两型进行论治;尚应辨证辨病用药相结合,久病配合使用虫类药物,治疗过程中注意顾护脾胃。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.