热灭活嗜热链球菌MN002调节肠道菌群结构和胆汁酸改善高脂饲料诱导的肥胖小鼠脂代谢

目的 观察热灭活嗜热链球菌MN-ZLW-002(MN002)对高脂饲料喂养肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢、肠道菌群以及胆汁酸的影响。方法 60只3周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠按体重随机分为对照组、高脂组、干预组3组，每组20只。适应性喂养1周后，对照组喂饲普通饲料，高脂组和干预组喂饲高脂饲料，干预组持续灌胃热灭活MN002 (绝对含菌量10⁹ CFU/d)12周，对照组和高脂组灌胃等体积(0.2 mL/d)生理盐水。实验期间测量小鼠体重、摄食量、空腹血糖并收集粪便。实验结束时测量小鼠口服糖耐量并收集小鼠血液、肠周脂肪、睾周脂肪、肾周脂肪样本。苏木精-伊红染色观察肝脏组织病理学变化。全自动生化分析仪检测血清甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及总胆固醇含量，液相色谱-质谱法检测粪便中胆汁酸含量，16S rDNA测序技术分析小鼠肠道菌群结构。结果 高脂饲料喂养小鼠12周后，高脂组和干预组小鼠体重、体脂肪均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);与高脂组相比，干预组小鼠的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、肾周脂肪显著降低(P<0.05);粪便中硫酸化石胆酸含...     

大豆异黄酮对大鼠血脂和过氧化状态的影响

目的　观察大豆异黄酮 ( SI)对大鼠血脂水平及体内过氧化状态的影响。方法　 48只 Wistar大鼠随机分成四组 ,分别接受正常饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料添加 SI糖甙 30 0 mg/kg和高脂饲料添加 SI甙元 30 0 mg/kg处理。实验期 7周。结果　SI显著抑制高脂饲料所致的血浆甘油三酯水平升高 ,但对血浆总胆固醇 ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇变化几乎无影响。SI对进食高脂饲料引起的体内过氧化物水平升高具有显著拮抗作用 ,表现在降低肝脏及心肌中的自由基水平 ,升高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和肝脏及心肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 ,减少血清及肝脏、心肌和主动脉中的脂质过氧化物含量。SI糖甙与其甙元的作用特征一致 ,仅在作用程度上略有差异。结论　 SI对高血甘油三酯有降低作用 ,并能改善高脂所致体内过氧化状态异常 ,减轻对机体的过氧化损伤。在大鼠饲料中 SI甙元的效果略优于 SI糖甙     

大豆异黄酮改善高血脂小鼠记忆的研究

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮(SI)对高血脂小鼠记忆的影响及有关机制。方法:将小鼠分为4组,基础饲料对照组;高脂饲料对照组;低剂量SI组:高脂饲料+SI(50mg/kgbw);高剂量SI组:高脂饲料+SI(100mg/kgbw)。连续灌胃SI30d后,测定小鼠记忆能力,并检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和β-脂蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,血液、大脑皮质和海马中胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性以及大脑皮质和海马中氨基酸神经递质(Asp、Glu和Gly)含量。结果:在实验期内造成高脂模型,与对照组比较,高血脂小鼠记忆明显降低,而SI明显改善高血脂小鼠记忆能力,同时使小鼠血清中TC、TG和β-脂蛋白含量以及大脑皮质和海马中AChE活力显著降低,而血清SOD活力及大脑皮质和海马中氨基酸神经递质含量显著提高。结论:SI可改善高血脂小鼠的记忆,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用及调节神经递质的代谢有关。     

大豆异黄酮对动脉硬化大鼠的抗氧化作用研究

目的研究高含量大豆异黄酮（soy isoflavones,SI）对高脂型动脉粥样硬化大鼠动脉斑块面积及体内氧化酶活力、过氧化脂质的影响。方法国内首次采用总异黄酮含量为72．35％（金雀异黄素含量28．49％）的大豆异黄酮作为受试物，设30mg／kg体重、90mg／M体重、270mg／M体重3个剂量组，同时设雌激素（已烯雌酚）对照组，与动脉粥样硬化（atheroselelmis,AS）高脂模型组、正常饲料对照组，喂饲Wistar大鼠，经一段时间，检测血液、肝脏抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧物酶（GSH—Px）及总抗氧化活力（T—AOC）和过氧化脂质产物丙二醛（MDA）的浓度并用计算机图像分析粥样斑块面积。结果添加高含量大豆异黄酮的饲料组大鼠血液和肝脏中SOD、GSH—Px、T—AOC等抗氧化酶的活力升高，过氧化脂质产物MDA的含量降低，动脉粥样斑块形成面积显著减少（P〈0．05），且有明显的剂量-效应关系。结论大豆异黄酮在高脂型动脉粥样硬化大鼠体内发挥抗氧化作用，抵抗动脉粥样硬化的形成。     

大豆异黄酮对2型糖尿病小鼠脂代谢及肠道菌群结构的影响

目的 利用2型糖尿病小鼠模型,评估不同剂量大豆异黄酮对T2DM小鼠生理生化、血液指标、及肠道菌群的影响。方法 建造2型糖尿病小鼠模型,成功后,随机分为2型糖尿病模型对照组(type 2 diabetes model control group,T2DM)、二甲双胍阳性对照组(metformin positive control group,PC)、大豆异黄酮不同剂量干预组(75、150、300mg/kg)(soybean isoflavones 75、150、300 mg/kg,SI75、SI150、SI300)。每周监测饮水量、摄食量、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)及体重(body weight,BW)。灌胃6w后,测定小鼠血清甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol-cholesterol,LDL-C)、白介...     

大豆异黄酮对高脂去卵巢大鼠肝脏脂质的影响

目的　观察大豆异黄酮 (SI)对进食高脂饲料的去卵巢大鼠脂质和肝组织过氧化状态的影响。方法　 50只SD大鼠随机分为 5组 ,分别接受假手术 +基础饲料 ;去卵巢 +高脂饲料 ;去卵巢 +高脂饲料 +SI 3个剂量组 2 0 ,60 ,180mg/ (kg·bw·d)处理 ,实验期 8周。 结果　与模型组比较 ,SI可显著抑制高脂饲料所致的去卵巢大鼠肝脏和血清甘油三酯水平升高 (P <0 .0 5) ,但对肝脏总胆固醇变化无影响 (P >0 0 5)。与假手术组和模型组比较 ,SI降低肝脏MDA含量均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　SI对去卵巢大鼠肝脏高甘油三酯有降低作用 ,并能改善高脂饮食所致的肝脏过氧化状态异常 ,减轻对机体的过氧化损伤     

大豆异黄酮对动脉粥样硬化小鼠Nrf2核转位和抗氧化功能的影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮对动脉粥样硬化小鼠核因子2相关因子2(Nrf2)核转位的影响,探讨抗氧化功能在大豆异黄酮抗动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法采用高脂饲料喂养C57BL/6J小鼠16 w建立动脉粥样硬化损伤模型,通过组织形态学、Westen blot、生化分析等方法观察大豆异黄酮干预与否对小鼠Nrf2核转位和抗氧化功能的影响。结果高脂膳食使Nrf2蛋白在核中的表达显著降低,抗氧化酶活性减弱,脂质过氧化产物增多,形成动脉粥样硬化的早期病变;大豆异黄酮能抑制动脉粥样硬化小鼠的动脉损伤,增强Nrf2蛋白在核中的表达,提高机体抗氧化功能,降低氧化应激损伤。结论大豆异黄酮能通过诱导Nrf2核转位,增强机体抗氧化功能,减轻机体氧化应激损伤,从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

大豆皂甙预防小鼠高脂血症的作用及其分子机制研究

目的:探讨大豆皂甙(soyasaponins,SS)预防小鼠高脂血症的作用及其分子机制。方法:56只昆明雌性小鼠,根据胆固醇水平分为7组,分别为正常饲料对照组、高脂饲料对照组、高脂饲料+绞股蓝(gypenosides,GP)20mg/kg.d对照组、高脂饲料+大豆皂甙5、10、20、30mg/kg.d四个剂量组,连续实验6w。结果:摄入适量的SS能够显著降低喂以高脂饲料小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量。SS还能降低肝脏组织中TC和TG的含量。SS能显著降低进食高脂饲料小鼠肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量,增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并能提高肝脏组织中脂蛋白脂酶(lipoproteinlipase,LPL)活性。逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)实验显示高脂饲料降低小鼠LPLmRNA水平,SS能升高LPLmRNA水平。结论:SS是通过调节肝脏LPL转录水平和提高抗氧化能力抑制脂质过氧化物而达到预防高脂血症的。     

豆豉中大豆异黄酮及苷元对四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠血糖及组织的活性作用

[目的]研究豆豉中大豆异黄酮及苷元(SI)对四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠血糖、血脂及肾、肝组织的影响.[方法]利用超声提取豆豉中的大豆异黄酮,经硅胶分离出大豆黄素和染料木素.给四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠按一定剂量给予所提取的大豆异黄酮及苷元灌胃10 d,检测血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)4项指标,观察小鼠肝脏和肾脏的病理切片.[结果]与四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型组比较,SI中、高剂量组血糖显著降低(P<0.05);SI的3个剂量组比较,SI中、高剂量组降低血糖的效果显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05),中、高剂量组降低率分别达到18.996%和28.447%;SI高剂量组能显著降低TC、TG和升高HDL-C含量(P<0.05),SI中剂量组只能显著降低TG的含量;SI高剂量组的肝、肾组织较模型组有明显改善.[结论]豆豉中的大豆异黄酮及苷元可明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖水平,改善由糖尿病引起的高血脂症,并对小鼠的肝脏和肾脏具有一定的修复作用.     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠LXRα表达影响

目的研究高含量大豆异黄酮(Soybean lsoflavone,SI)对去卵巢高脂模型大鼠肝X受体a(Liver X receptor,αLXRα)基因表达的影响。方法将48只成年雌性SD大鼠去卵巢,根椐体重和总胆固醇(TC)水平随机分为6组,分别喂饲不同饲料12周;实验结束采集尾血测定其体内血脂水平,并检测大鼠肝脏、小肠中LXRα基因表达情况。结果与高脂模型组比较,大豆异黄酮各剂量组大鼠血中甘油三酯(TG)、TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均降低(P<0.05),大豆异黄酮高剂量组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平为(1.71±0.17)mmol/L,明显高于高脂模型组的(1.36±0.21)mmol/L(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮高剂量组、雌激素对照组大鼠肝脏中LXRα基因表达明显高于高脂模型组(P<0.05);与高脂模型组比较,雌激素对照组大鼠小肠中LXRα基因表达明显升高。结论大豆异黄酮可拮抗高脂饲料对去卵巢大鼠造成的脂代谢紊乱,并促进肝脏中LXRα基因的表达。     

Platycodi radix affects lipid metabolism in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity

An aqueous extract of Platycodi radix inhibited the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidylcholine by pancreatic lipase in vitro and it reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol level 2-4 h after oral administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil. These preliminary results suggested that the aqueous extract of Platycodi radix may inhibit the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting its hydrolysis. Therefore, we examined the antiobesity activity of the aqueous extract of Platycodi radix by testing whether the extract prevented the obesity induced by feeding a high fat diet to mice for 8 wk. Body weights at 3-8 wk and the final parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high fat diet containing 5% aqueous extract of Platycodi radix than in the controls fed the high fat diet. The aqueous extract of Platycodi radix also significantly reduced hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations that were elevated in mice fed the high fat diet alone. Inulin, which is a major component of Platycodi radix, had no effect on the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidylcholine by pancreatic lipase in vitro, and did not prevent obesity or the fatty liver induced by the high fat diet. On the other hand, the total saponin fraction of the aqueous extract inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Therefore, the antiobesity effect of the aqueous extract of Platycodi radix in mice fed a high fat diet may be due in part to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of dietary fat by the saponins of Platycodi radix.     

Saponins from platycodi radix ameliorate high fat diet-induced obesity in mice

We examined the effects of crude saponins isolated from Platycodi radix on the degree on fat storage induced in mice by feeding a high fat diet for 9 wk. We reported previously that feeding mice a high fat diet for a longer time caused obesity and fatty liver compared with those fed a low fat diet, nonpurified diet. Feeding a high fat diet containing 10 or 30 g/kg crude saponins prevented the body and parametrial adipose tissue weight increases and hepatic steatosis of mice fed the high fat diet alone. Furthermore, crude saponins (375 mg/kg) inhibited the elevations in blood triacylglycerol in rats orally administered a lipid emulsion compared with that of rats given the lipid emulsion alone. Previously, we reported that crude saponins inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. To identify the active substance(s) of crude saponins, we examined the effects of purified platycodin D, the primary saponin in the crude mixture, on pancreatic lipase activity and on the blood triacylglycerol elevation in rats administered the oral lipid emulsion tolerance test. Platycodin D (0.5 and 1.0 g/L) inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro and at a dose of 244 mg/kg, inhibited the elevation of blood triacylglycerol. Therefore, the antiobesity effect of the crude saponins in mice fed a high fat diet may be due to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of dietary fat by platycodin D.     

亮氨酸对高脂高胆固醇喂养小鼠瘦素抵抗影响

目的 探讨亮氨酸对高脂高胆固醇喂养小鼠体脂和瘦素抵抗的影响。方法 60只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、高脂高胆固醇组、低、高剂量亮氨酸组（1.5%、3.0%亮氨酸）,干预24周;测定小鼠体重、脂肪重量、血清胆固醇和瘦素水平,Western blot法检测小鼠睾周脂肪组织中瘦素受体（Ob-R）、Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2（JAK2）、信号转导和转录激活子3 （STAT3）及细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCS3）的蛋白表达。结果 高脂高胆固醇喂养明显升高小鼠体重、脂重和血清胆固醇水平;与高脂高胆固醇组比较,亮氨酸组小鼠体重、脂重和血清胆固醇水平明显下降;与对照组比较,高脂高胆固醇组小鼠血清瘦素水平明显升高[（7.14±2.44）ng/mL,]（P<0.01）;与高脂高胆固醇组比较,1.5%、3.0%亮氨酸组小鼠瘦素水平[分别为（4.21±2.37）、（4.24±2.22）ng/mL]明显降低（P<0.01）;与对照组比较,高脂高胆固醇组小鼠睾周脂肪组织中Ob-R蛋白表达下调;与高脂高胆固醇组比较,亮氨酸组小鼠睾周脂肪组织中Ob-R、JAK2蛋白表达上调、SOCS3蛋白表达下调。结论 亮氨酸干预可抑制高脂高胆固醇喂养引起的小鼠体重和体脂增加,其机制可能与调节瘦素受体及其下游蛋白JAK2和SOCS3表达、改善瘦素抵抗有关。     

Dietary fish oil upregulates intestinal lipid metabolism and reduces body weight gain in C57BL/6J mice

Fish oils (FO) rich in (n-3) PUFA exert hypolipidemic and antiobesity effects in association with modulated hepatic lipid metabolism. We recently demonstrated the possible involvement of intestinal lipid metabolism in the development of obesity. In this study, we examined the effect of FO ingestion on intestinal lipid metabolism in relation to obesity. When diet-induced obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice were fed an 8% FO, high-fat (30%) diet for 5 mo, body weight gain was significantly reduced compared with mice fed a 30% triacylglycerol (TG) diet without FO. In addition to modulating messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the liver, FO ingestion for 2 wk affected the intestinal mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes; those of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, cytochrome P450 4A10, and malic enzyme were significantly higher in mice fed the 8% FO diet compared with mice fed the 30% TG diet. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of most lipid metabolism-related genes in the small intestine of mice fed the 8% FO diet were comparable to those in the liver. Furthermore, reflecting the difference at the mRNA level, FO ingestion affected lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity; fatty acid beta-oxidation, omega-oxidation, and malic enzyme activities in the small intestine of mice fed the 8% FO diet were 1.2-, 1.6-, and 1.7-fold those in mice fed the 30% TG diet, respectively. These findings suggest that an upregulation of intestinal lipid metabolism is associated with the antiobesity effect of FO.     

长期抗生素暴露对高脂饮食负荷小鼠糖代谢和肠道菌群的影响

目的 探究长期抗生素暴露对高脂饮食负荷小鼠糖代谢和肠道菌群的影响。方法 45只新生BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食抗生素联合组（n=15）,联合组小鼠出生后以头孢曲松（100mg/kg）灌胃15周,第21d起,高脂组和联合组以高脂饲料,对照组以普通饲料喂养12周。实验结束后,对小鼠进行口服糖耐量实验并采集小鼠内脏、脂肪、血清和粪便,测定小鼠脏器系数、脂体比、血糖、胰岛素和瘦素及肠道菌群。结果 高脂饮食引起小鼠肝脏系数、总脂体比、胰岛素抵抗指数、空腹血糖和血糖曲线下面积显著升高（P均<0.05）。与对照组和高脂组比较,联合组alpha多样性指数显著降低（P<0.05）;主坐标分析显示三组组间群落组成具有明显差异。门水平上,与高脂组比较,联合组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,拟杆菌门相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,高脂组变形菌门相对丰度显著高于对照组和联合组（P均<0.05）。属水平上,高脂饮食诱导厚壁菌门布劳特氏菌属（Blautia）相对丰度增加,降低了拟杆菌门另枝菌属（Alistipes）相对丰度,联合组厚壁菌门肠球菌属（Enterococcus）和葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）相对丰度明显升高,其他菌属相对丰度均降低。结论 长期抗生素暴露可能通过改变肠道中细菌生长从而调节肠道菌群,在一定程度上抵抗高脂饮食负荷小鼠的糖代谢失调,表明肠道细菌和宿主代谢功能间存在密切的关联,肠道细菌有望成为改善膳食营养调节的机体能量代谢的重要靶点。     

Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of black soybean anthocyanins

The effect of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean (Glycine max L.) seed coats on body weight, adipose tissue weight, and serum lipids was evaluated in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). Rats were raised on a normal diet (ND) (based on the AIN-93M diet), HFD (ND supplemented with 16% lard oil), HFD containing 10% black soybean, and HFD containing 0.037% black soybean anthocyanins (equivalent to that in the 10% black soybean diet). Weight gain was significantly lowered in the rats fed HFD plus black soybean anthocyanins compared with the rats fed HFD alone (P < .05) and reversed to the level of the rats fed ND. The black soybean diet also decreased body weight gain compared with the HFD (P < .05). The black soybean anthocyanins-added diet suppressed the HFD-induced weight gain in liver intermediately and tended to decrease the weights of epididymal and perirenal fat pads. The black soybean anthocyanins were also effective in improving the lipid profile. They significantly reduced the levels of serum triglyceride and cholesterol (P < .05), while they markedly increased the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration, which was decreased in the rats fed HFD (P < .05). These results indicate that the anthocyanins in black soybean seed coats have an anti-obesity effect, which can reverse the effects of HFD on body weight, adipose tissue weight, and serum lipid contents.     

高含量大豆异黄酮对高脂大鼠的降血脂作用

目的研究高含量大豆异黄酮(soy isoflavones,SI)对高脂型大鼠体内血脂水平的影响.方法国内首次采用异黄酮含量为72.4%的大豆异黄酮作为受试物,按每公斤体重设30、90、270 mg 3个剂量组,同时设雌激素(己烯雌酚)对照组,与动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)高脂模型组、正常饲料对照组,喂饲Wistar大鼠,经一段时间,采尾血测定其体内血脂水平.结果添加大豆异黄酮的饲料组大鼠血中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C),apo B含量降低,HDL-C、apo A水平升高(P＜0.05),且成剂量效应关系.结论大豆异黄酮可通过影响大鼠体内血脂水平抵抗动脉粥样硬化的形成.     

Protein kinase C is activated and diacylglycerol is elevated in epidermal cells from Sencar mice fed high fat diets.

Studies reported here determined the effect of dietary fat level on membrane phospholipid composition, phosphoinositide labeling, 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol and protein kinase C activity in epidermal cells from female Sencar mice. Animals were fed either high fat (24.6 g/100 g diet) or control (5 g/100 g diet) diets at constant energy intake for 6 to 7 wk or 15 to 22 wk, and epidermal cells were isolated. The level of phosphatidylinositol was significantly lower in the animals fed the control diet than in the animals fed the high fat diet (0.6 vs. 1.2 nmol/10(6) cells). The fatty acid composition of the phospholipids showed significantly lower arachidonic acid level in phosphatidylinositol when the animals were fed the high fat diet. Protein kinase C activity in the solubilized particulate and soluble fraction of the cells was 131 +/- 18% and 62 +/- 14% greater, respectively, in animals fed the high fat diet compared with animals fed control diet. The level of 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol was significantly higher in animals fed the high fat diet (mean nmol/mg lipid +/- SEM: control, 4.5 +/- 0.5; high fat, 7.0 +/- 0.5). Incorporation of [3H]inositol into inositol lipid was not altered by diet. Because protein kinase C and 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol have been implicated in tumor promotion, the increase in protein kinase C activity and the elevation of 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol in cells from animals fed the high fat diet may be important in the high cancer rate observed with these diets.     

Energy intake, weight gain and fat deposition in rats fed flavored, nutritionally controlled diets in a multichoice ("cafeteria") design

The effect of flavor variety on diet selection, energy intake, weight gain and fat deposition was studied in male rats fed flavored, nutritionally controlled, purified diets in a multichoice "cafeteria" (CAF) arrangement. Serum insulin, L-3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were also determined. Rats fed nutritionally balanced diets containing a variety of preferred flavors and textural forms ad libitum in a CAF design did not consume more energy nor did they gain more weight than rats fed a single choice of nutritionally balanced diet with no modifications in flavor or texture. Feeding high fat, high sucrose diets containing a variety of flavors in a CAF arrangement resulted in higher energy intake, body weight gain, lipid content in fat pads and serum T3 levels than did feeding the nutritionally balanced diet. However, the high fat diet with no added flavors also resulted in an energy intake, body weight gain and lipid content of fat pads at a level equal or close to that produced by the CAF feeding of the flavored, high fat, high sucrose diet. It is therefore concluded that the effect of a variety of food flavors on hyperphagia and fat deposition is of minor importance in purified diets compared to the stimulating effect of the fat in the diet.     

Lipid profile of rats fed high-fat diets based on flaxseed, peanut, trout, or chicken skin

OBJECTIVE: Dietary saturated fatty acids are associated with coronary disease. Conversely, dietary monounsaturated polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to exert a protective effect. This study evaluated the lipid profile of rats fed high-fat (HF) diets, with fat added as different sources of PUFA (flaxseed and trout), MUFA (peanut), and saturated fatty acid (chicken skin). METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were placed into six dietary groups (n = 10): control (normal); high fat, with 1% cholesterol, 10% soy oil, and 5% lard; and four groups fed similar HF diets, with 10% lipid as trout, flaxseed, peanut, or chicken skin. After 28 d the animals were killed. Blood, livers, and adipose tissue samples were collected. RESULTS: A higher level (P < 0.05) of total serum cholesterol was observed in rats fed the normal diet (93.57 +/- 14.95 mg/dL) compared with those fed the HF diet (67.57 +/- 12.54 mg/dL). Total cholesterol levels in rats fed the flaxseed diet were lower (P < 0.05) than in rats fed the other fats. No difference was observed in cholesterol levels between groups fed the peanut and chicken skin diets (P > 0.05). Animals fed the peanut diet showed decreased body weight gain than did animals in the other treatment groups. There were large lipid and cholesterol depositions in livers of rats fed the HF diet. Lipid deposition in adipose tissue followed the same dietary fatty acid profile, i.e., high levels of omega-3 PUFA in the flaxseed group, high levels of MUFA in the peanut and chicken skin groups and high levels of omega-6 PUFA in the trout group. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that flaxseed is promising for dietary manipulation of hyperlipidemia.