高频超声与X线钼靶对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 分析比较高频超声、X线钼靶单独及两者联合应用对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 体检发现乳腺包块、怀疑乳腺肿瘤的258例患者,行高频超声、X线钼靶的单独检查和联合检查,并行手术治疗.对照分析手术病理与影像学表现.结果 258例患者,手术病理证实早期乳腺恶性肿瘤135例,良性乳腺肿瘤123例.对于诊断早期乳腺癌,联合检查的敏感性优于单独的高频超声检查或X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),准确性优于X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、假阳性、假阴性等指标3组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05).对于早期乳腺癌患者,高频超声和X线钼靶相比,检出的钙化灶较少(18.3% vs 36.5%,P<0.01),能够发现更多的乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移(69.0% vs 33.3%,P<0.01).结论 高频超声与X线钼靶的单独和联合检查对于早期乳腺恶性肿瘤均为可靠的影像学诊断方法,联合应用诊断早期乳腺癌具有较高的敏感性和准确性.     

DCE-MRI联合MIP及乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺非肿块样强化病变的诊断价值

目的 ：探讨动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)联合MIP及乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺非肿块样强化病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选取54例行DCE-MRI及乳腺钼靶X线摄影且经穿刺或手术病理证实的乳腺非肿块样强化患者为研究对象,分析DCE-MRI特征、MIP图像中的邻近血管征及乳腺钼靶X线摄影表现;以病理结果为金标准,评价各种检查方法 单独应用及联合应用对非肿块样强化病变良恶性的鉴别诊断效能。结果：54例中病理为恶性33例,良性21例。DCE-MRI的诊断敏感度75.8%,特异度76.2%,阳性预测值83.3%,阴性预测值66.7%,总符合率75.9%,约登指数0.52。DCE-MRI+MIP的诊断敏感度84.8%,特异度85.7%,阳性预测值90.3%,阴性预测值78.3%,总符合率85.2%,约登指数0.71。乳腺钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度30.3%,特异度95.2%,阳性预测值90.9%,阴性预测值46.5%,总符合率55.6%,约登指数0.26。DCE-MRI及MIP联合乳腺钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度96.9%,特异度90.5%,阳性预测值94.1%,阴性预测值95.0%,总符合率94.4...     

乳腺全容积超声、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨全容积超声（ABVS）、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节的诊断价值。方法：收集93例经病理确诊的乳腺结节患者,均行ABVS、钼靶X线摄影检查,分析2种检查方式的诊断价值。结果：ABVS和钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为94.9%、66.7%、93.7%、71.4%、90.3%和75.6%、93.3%、98.3%、42.4%、78.5%。结论：乳腺ABVS与钼靶X线摄影对鉴别乳腺良恶性结节各有优缺点;联合应用多种检查方法能提高乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断水平。     

乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断价值分析(附87例报告)

目的 探讨和比较乳腺钼靶X线摄片和超声对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析77例触诊阴性乳腺病例(87个病灶)的临床资料,所有病例均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查,并经穿刺活检或手术切除标本获得病理诊断.分析良恶性乳腺病变患者的年龄和月经状态;总结乳腺癌病灶在钼靶X线摄片和超声诊断中的影像学特点,并比较两种方法 的诊断效能.结果 全组87个触诊阴性的乳腺病灶中,乳腺癌20个(20例患者),占23%(20/87),其中95%(19/20)为0-Ⅰ期的早期乳腺癌;良性病灶67个(57例患者),占77%(67/87).乳腺癌患者的年龄明显高于良性乳腺病变患者(P<0.01),但月经状态无明显差异.钼靶X线摄片、超声诊断乳腺癌病灶的阳性率分别为75%(15/20)和55%(11/20);其主要影像学特点分别是恶性钙化和边界不清的低回声占位,分别占诊断阳性病灶的67%(10/15)和55%(6/11).钼靶X线摄片诊断触诊阴性的乳腺病灶的敏感性、特异性和准确性(分别为75%、64%、67%)均优于乳腺超声(分别为55%、21%、29%).20例乳腺癌患者经超声或钼靶引导下采用金属丝定位,行切除手术.11例患者行保乳手术,保乳率达55%(11/20).结论 钼靶X线摄片和超声检查在触诊阴性的乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗中发挥着重要作用.其中,钼靶X线摄片检查更为重要.     

MRI动态增强及扩散加权序列与钼靶X线摄影对乳腺疾病诊断的对比研究

目的比较钼靶X线摄影、MRI动态增强序列(DEC)及扩散加权序列(DWI)诊断乳腺疾病的敏感性和特异性。资料与方法50例患者共63枚病灶,钼靶X线摄影取常规头足位和侧斜位,采用AOP全自动数字曝光参数;MRI采用乳腺表面相控阵线圈,常规扫描短时反转恢复序列(STIR)、T1加权(T1WI)、快速自旋回波序列(FSE)T2脂肪饱和抑脂序列双b值DWI以及Vibrant动态增强序列。通过钼靶X线摄影、时间-信号曲线类型以及DWI-表观弥散系数(ADC)诊断结果与病理结果对照,比较3种检查方法诊断乳腺疾病的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及3种检查方法与病理诊断的符合度。结果 63枚病灶中钼靶X线摄影与DEC-MRI阳性均为32枚,DWI-表观弥散系数(ADC)阳性31枚,钼靶X线摄影、DEC-MRI、DWI-ADC与病理对照的灵敏度分别为67.65%、85.29%、87.50%,特异度分别为68.97%、89.66%、90.32%,准确度分别为68.30%、87.30%、87.50%,阳性预测值分别为71.90%、88.20%、90.32%,阴性预测值分别为64.50%、86.20%、87.50%;良性病灶时间-信号曲线类型多为Ⅲ型,恶性病灶时间-信号曲线类型多为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型。结论乳腺DEC-MRI、DWI诊断乳腺疾病的敏感性及特异性均高于钼靶X线摄影;DWI敏感性及特异性与DCE-MRI无显著差异。     

超声和X线钼靶直接及间接征象对临床触诊阴性乳腺癌诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨超声和X线钼靶直接及间接征象对临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的167个临床触诊阴性乳腺肿块中47个乳腺癌超声和X线钼靶的直接及间接征象特征,并与病理结果对照分析,统计超声和X线钼靶及两者联合诊断触诊阴性乳腺癌的灵敏性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价三者的诊断效果。结果超声能较好提供触诊阴性肿块血流状况及血流动力学信息,47个乳腺癌II～Ⅲ级血流占61.7%(29/47),穿支血管占38.3%(18/47),Vmax≥15cm/s占31.9%(15/22),RI≥0.7占63.83%。X线钼靶对肿块微钙化较敏感,47个乳腺癌微钙化占48.94%(23/47)。超声和X线钼靶及两者联合诊断临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的灵敏性分别为80.85%、85.11%和93.61%,特异性分别为91.67%、89.17%和91.67%,阳性预测值分别为79.17%、75.47%和81.48%,阴性预测值分别为92.44%、93.86%和95.58%,准确性分别为88.62%、88.02%和92.22%。超声和X线钼靶摄片联合检查诊断触诊阴性乳腺癌ROC曲线下面积(0.874±0.036)大于单独超声(0.832±0.041)及X线钼靶(0.831±0.041),且有统计学意义(P分别=0.000、0.000和0.000)。结论超声和X线钼靶直接及间接征象对临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重要价值,两者联合应用能提高临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的诊断准确性。     

高频超声与钼靶片诊断乳腺癌的价值探讨

目的 :探讨乳腺钼靶摄影片、高频超声及其两者联合应用对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法 :对 12 10例乳腺癌病例进行回顾性分析 ,对高频超声、乳腺钼靶摄影片、高频超声及乳腺钼靶摄影片联合与病理的诊断符合率进行统计学分析。结果 :钼靶片与病理诊断符合率 85 .5 % ( 10 36 / 12 10 ) ,超声诊断符合率 85 .1% ( 112 6 / 12 10 ) ,两者差异无显著性 ( P >0 0 5 )。其中对于钼靶摄片假阴性病例 79.4 % ( 80 / 175 )由高频超声确诊 ,而对于超声假阴性病例 5 5 .6 % ( 10 0 / 180 )通过钼靶摄片与病理诊断符合 ,超声联合钼靶摄片的诊断符合率为 98.3% ,与单钼靶摄片及单超声相比差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :乳腺高频超声诊断价值不容忽视 ,联合乳腺钼靶摄片检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断意义重大。     

99Tcm-MIBI显像与钼靶X线对乳腺癌诊断的比较研究

目的 比较99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像和钼靶X线对女性乳腺癌的诊断价值。 方法 女性患者83例, 先行99Tcm-MIBI胸部SPECT/CT早期显像和延迟显像, 并以延迟显像阳性为判定标准, 再行乳腺钼靶X线摄影, 并与最终的病理结果进行对照。 结果 延迟显像的阳性患者为52例(T/NT值>3.33), 阳性与阴性病灶的早期、延迟显像分别比较, 差异均有统计学意义, 且以延时2 h结果更为显著, 最终病理结果证实45例为恶性病灶。99Tcm-MIBI显像结果的灵敏度为93.33%、特异度为73.68%、阳性预测值为80.77%、阴性预测值为90.32%;而钼靶X线对于相同病灶的灵敏度、特异度分别为64.44%、73.68%, 阳性、阴性预测值分别为74.36%、63.63%。99Tcm-MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断价值优于钼靶X线(χ2=4.11, P < 0.05), 但两种方法的一致性较差(Kappa=0.217, P < 0.05)。 结论 99Tcm-MIBI显像较之钼靶X线的结果判定更为客观, 而两种方法同时运用则能提高乳腺癌的检出率, 显著提高影像学对于乳腺癌的早期诊断。     

数字钼靶X线摄影乳腺肿块"边缘征"对良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨数字钼靶X线摄影"边缘征"对乳腺肿块样病变良、恶性的定性诊断价值.方法 74例乳腺肿块患者,均为女性,年龄19～80岁,平均49.2岁,良性36例,恶性38例,对数字钼靶X线摄影显示乳腺肿块"边缘征"进行分析.具有深分叶和/或毛刺的肿块归为恶性边缘征组,无深分叶又无毛刺的肿块归为良性边缘征组.结果 采用"边缘征"诊断乳腺恶性病变的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为89.47%、91.67%、90.54%、91.89%、89.19%.以2 cm为分界,病变大小对依靠边缘征定性良恶性病变准确性无明显差别(P>0.05).以40岁为分界,恶性病变组:≥40岁患者89.47%,<40岁患者10.52%.≥40岁依靠良、恶性边缘征对肿瘤定性诊断准确性分别为76.92%、93.94%;<40岁,依靠良性边缘征诊断良性病变的准确性为87.50%,依靠恶性边缘征诊断恶性病变的准确性为25.00%,两者之间差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 数字钼靶X线摄影乳腺肿块"边缘征"可作为乳腺肿块样病变定性诊断的一种参考,其简单易行,具有非常大的临床价值.     

MRI和X线摄影鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的比较分析

目的 比较MRI和X线摄影鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值.方法 综合分析52例(包括恶性24例及良性28例)经手术病理证实的乳腺疾病的MRI及X线摄影资料.根据乳腺癌MRI和X线的主要诊断指标和次要诊断指标,对病例进行诊断.将2种影像诊断结果与病理诊断结果对照,比较MRI、 X线的诊断价值.结果 高频X线摄影诊断的敏感性为81.5%,特异性86.1%,阳性预测值81.5%,阴性预测值86.1%.MRI的敏感性为92.6%,特异性91.7%,阳性预测值89.3%,阴性预测值94.3%.MRI诊断结果与病理的一致性程度很高(Kappa值=0.813,P＜0.0005),高于高频X线(Kappa值=0.649,P＜0.0005).结论 MRI对诊断乳腺癌有重要价值,其效果优于X线检查.     

Diaphanography in breast carcinoma. Correlation with clinical examination, mammography, cytology and histology

Histologically classified carcinoma was present in 110 breasts of 108 symptomatic women. The results of diaphanography (DPG) were correlated with those obtained by clinical examination (CE), mammography (M) and cytology (C). A tumour was palpable in 87 cases (79.1%). A false negative diagnosis was made in 17 cases (15.5%) using DPG, in 13 cases (11.8%) using M and in 15 cases (13.6%) using C, but in 12 of the latter cases (10.9%) the specimen was not representative. The validity of the findings using DPG and M was also analysed. The calculations were based on the results obtained from the present investigation and from a study of diaphanography in 163 cases of benign breast disorders. For DPG the sensitivity was 85 per cent, the specificity 91 per cent, the positive predictive value 86 per cent and the negative predictive value 90 per cent. For M the sensitivity was 86 per cent, the specificity 80 per cent, the positive predictive value 75 per cent and the negative predictive value 91 per cent. The specificity for diaphanography was significantly different from mammography (p less than 0.05). The use of both M and DPG reduced the number of false negatives from 11.8 per cent to 5.5 per cent. In conclusion, DPG has been demonstrated to be a useful adjunct to CE and M.     

The FADIR test accuracy for screening cam and pincer morphology in youth ice hockey players

Objectives

Aim of this study was to evaluate the flexion-adduction-internal rotation (FADIR) test accuracy for screening cam and pincer morphology in youth male ice hockey players without diagnosed hip disorders.

CT和钼靶诊断乳腺疾病价值的对照分析

目的　探讨CT和钼靶在诊断乳腺疾病中的价值。方法　乳腺癌组 2 0例 ,平均年龄 5 1岁 ;乳腺良性病变组 2 7例 ,平均年龄 40 .6岁 ,均为术后病理所证实。使用东芝Xprees/GX螺旋CT机 ,扫描范围从腋窝至乳房下界 ,其中 2 6例患者另行增强扫描。均俯卧位螺旋扫描 ,上胸及腹部垫高 ,使乳房自然下垂 ,双前臂交叉放在头上。X线摄片使用国产钼靶机 ,均采用侧轴位投照 ,特殊情况下包括内、外斜位。结果　乳腺CT在显示肿物部位、形态、边缘、内部囊实性、肿物内坏死 ,致密乳房内肿物 ,肿物定性、定位 ,肿物与皮肤及胸壁关系 ,腋淋巴结、纵隔及内乳淋巴结等方面优于钼靶 ;在显示钙化方面不如钼靶。结论　CT可弥补钼靶的不足 ,是诊断乳腺疾病的优良方法     

Practical application of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography [CE-MRM] by an algorithm combining morphological and enhancement patterns

The purpose of this article is to report our practical utilization of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography [DCE-MRM] in the diagnosis of breast lesions. In many European centers, was preferred a high-temporal acquisition of both breasts simultaneously in a large FOV. We preferred to scan single breasts, with the aim to combine the analysis of the contrast intake and washout with the morphological evaluation of breast lesions. We followed an interpretation model, based upon a diagnostic algorithm, which combined contrast enhancement with morphological evaluation, in order to increase our confidence in diagnosis. DCE-MRM with our diagnostic algorithm has identified 179 malignant and 41 benign lesions; final outcome has identified 178 malignant and 42 benign lesions, 3 false positives and 2 false negatives.Sensitivity of CE-MRM was 98.3%; specificity, 95.1%; positive predictive value, 98.9%; negative predictive value, 92.8% and accuracy, 97.7%.     

急诊晕厥患者危险分层评估方法的临床应用与比较

 目的 对比理解急诊晕厥患者的危险分层评估方法。方法 应用英国ROSE规则、美国SFSR规则分别对2016-06至2018-11在北京天坛医院就诊的108例晕厥患者快速评估,对所有患者随访1个月,统计分析其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比,并对比分析两种危险分层的规则。结果 108例在1个月内有43例发生不良事件,ROSE规则评判的特异度86.2%,阴性预测值90.3%,阴性似然比0.16;而SFSR规则评判的特异度84.6%,阴性预测值85.9%,阴性似然比0.25。二种规则一致性分析的Kappa值是0.732。结论 两种危险分层规则对筛查判定非高危患者均具有重要的临床意义,可以结合患者临床实际灵活运用。     

Value of cytologic diagnosis in rapid intraoperative diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and tumors of the lung and mediastinum

Extemporary (EXT) analysis is unavoidable in establishing the tumor diagnosis, operability and the extent of the operation. Alternative approach is cytologic analisis which, because of its simple methodology, provides results even faster. In this paper, the results of cytologic imprints (CI) and EXT finding were compared with definite histopathologic diagnosis (HDP) to determine the value of both methods. A total of 109 samples obtained during 55 thoracotomies were analyzed. Eighty eight specimens were analyzed simultaneously by CI Method and in frozen sections. Twenty-one sample was analyzed only by cytologic methods and the results of standard CI were compared with definite HDP. After being processed for EXT diagnosis, intraoperative specimens were imprinted on glass slides, air-dried and stained by May-Grünwald--Giemsa Method. In cytologic analysis there were no false negative results, but there were 7 false positives. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 93.6%, sensitivity and negative predictive value was 100%, specificity was 91.1% and positive predictive value was 81.8%. Diagnostic accuracy of frozen sections was 98.8% also without false negatives and with one false positive finding with sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%, specificity of 98.4% and positive predictive value of 95%. These results corresponded to the results of other studies and confirmed the efficacy of CI method, which could be used either simultaneously with EXT diagnosis as a complementary or as an alternative method in the hospitals where EXT analysis is not used. However, imprint cytology demands an experienced cytologist and could be used only in hospitals with well organized cytologic service.     

淋巴滤泡增生在幽门螺杆菌性胃炎中的病理诊断价值

目的 评价胃窦黏膜淋巴滤泡增生在幽门螺杆菌性胃炎病理诊断中的价值.方法 以淋巴滤泡增生为诊断幽门螺杆菌性胃炎的标准,与诊断幽门螺杆菌阳性的＂金标准＂进行临床流行病学分析.结果 在1385例慢性胃炎中,以淋巴滤泡增生为诊断幽门螺杆菌性胃炎标准,其诊断的准确度为79.35%,灵敏度为79.43%,特异度为79.18%,阳性预告值89.22%,阳性似然比3.93,漏诊率为20.57%,误诊率为20.82%,阴性预告值79.18%,阴性似然比0.26.结论 淋巴滤泡增生是幽门螺杆菌性胃炎的组织病理形态学特征之一,是诊断幽门螺杆菌性胃炎的重要组织学依据,但不是唯一标准.     

不同资历超声医师运用超声评价异位妊娠差异和经验分析

目的：评价不同资历超声医师运用超声在异位妊娠诊治中的作用。方法不同资历超声医师使用超声检查因腹痛或阴道不规则出血就诊妇科患者,并分析影响宫外孕诊断因素及其在诊断异位妊娠中价值,和术后病理或临床治疗进行对照。结果不同资历超声医师对宫外孕诊断一致性分析（3年以下住院医与3年以上高年资医师） Kappa值为0．01,说明观察一致性比机遇造成一致性还小,3年以下住院医师对宫外孕诊断能力很差。病例中,低年资超声医师诊断宫外孕根据超声检查附件区所见包块诊断,9例假阳性,10例假阴性,其灵敏度79．5％,特异性81．5％,Youden指数62．5％,符合率80．6％,阳性预测值77．8％,阴性预测值83％;高年资超声医师诊断宫外孕根据超声附件区包块结合临床症状如下腹痛和HCG诊断,5例假阳性,2例假阴性,其灵敏度89．1％,特异性94．2％,Youden指数85．6％,符合率91．8％,阳性预测值93．2％,阴性预测值90．7％。所有患者都采用了保守或微创治疗（药物或腹腔镜）证实。结论在超声诊断过程中,应加强低年资医师培训和对宫外孕诊断和鉴别能力;超声检查所见应结合临床症状和化验检查HCG诊断宫外孕,其真实性和可靠性明显提高。超声应用改变了宫外孕治疗方式。     

Comparison of the Cozart DDS 801 on-site drug test device and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation results of cannabis and cocaine in oral fluid specimens

Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a problem around the world. The objective of this study is to assess the reliability of the oral fluid screening device the Cozart DDS 801 by comparing the on-site results with confirmatory gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) oral fluid analysis. The study was carried out in Catalonia (Spain) with a sample of 2180 oral fluid specimens taken from subjects suspected of driving under the influence of drugs of abuse, and collected by police officers during 2009–2010. Statistical parameters of the tests were determined for cannabis and cocaine. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value, likelihood positive ratio and likelihood negative ratio for cocaine were 92%, 90%, 95%, 85%, 9.44, and 0.09 respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value, likelihood positive ratio and likelihood negative ratio for cannabis were 87%, 86%, 94%, 73%, 6.15 and 0.6 respectively. Accuracy was 91% for cocaine and 86% for cannabis. The Cozart DDS 801 drug test system is a simple to use screening tool for cocaine and cannabis in oral fluid, at initial screening cut-off established by the manufacturer, confirmed with a GC/MS analysis. The system has demonstrated its acceptable performance.