白癜风患者外周血T细胞亚群的检测

目的了解各型期白癜风患者的细胞免疫功能状态。方法采用链菌素亲生物素-碱性磷酸酶链接法(SAP法)检测125例白癜风患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,同时以50例健康体检者做对照。结果寻常型进展期患者CD3,CD4水平低于正常对照组,CD8则升高(P<0.01);稳定期泛发性及限局性CD8升高,CD4/CD8比值下降(P<0.05);散发性CD4下降(P<0.01);节段型及肢端性各项检测结果无统计学差异。病期在1年以内的寻常型患者CD3,CD4低于病期超过1年者(P<0.01)。结论各型期白癜风患者存在不同程度的细胞免疫功能异常。     

玫瑰糠疹患者T细胞亚群检测及意义探讨

目的探讨玫瑰糠疹发病中外周血T淋巴细胞的变化。方法应用免疫组化技术对52例急性期及32例恢复期玫瑰糠疹患者的外周血T细胞亚群进行检测。结果玫瑰糠疹患者外周血CD8+百分比急性期明显高于恢复期(t=7.83,P<0.01),CD4+/CD8+比值明显降低(t=8.95,P<0.01),CD4+百分比急性期与恢复期无明显变化(t=1.43,P>0.05)。结论实验说明玫瑰糠疹急性期免疫细胞间的正常比例发生变化。急性期CD8+比例明显增高,说明Ts和(或)Tc细胞功能明显增强,这是否与抗病毒免疫的增强有关,尚待进一步研究。     

带状疱疹患者T细胞亚群的检测

目的:检测带状疱疹患者外周血T细胞亚群表达水平。方法:采用流式细胞仪检测116例带状疱疹患者及80名健康对照者外周血T细胞亚群。结果:带状疱疹患者外周血CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞均显著高于健康人群,患者不同年龄组间、不同病程组间CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞无明显差异。结论:带状疱疹患者CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞升高,提示特异性细胞免疫得以重建。     

104例湿疹患者皮损处的细菌菌群分类及外周血T细胞亚群检测

目的：了解湿疹患细菌的菌群分类及体内细胞免疫功能的变化。方法：104例湿疹患作皮疹细菌培养和外周血T细胞亚群检测,并与25例健康体检的结果作对照。结果：湿疹组细菌分离阳性率明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,以金黄色葡萄球菌为最多见（70．2％）。T细胞亚群CD3、CD4／CD8,湿疹组均低于对照组（均为P＜0．01）。结论：湿疹患金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率较高,且T细胞亚群CD3、CD4／CD8降低。     

带状疱疹患者T细胞亚群及相关细胞因子的检测

目的 了解T细胞免疫在带状疱疹发病中的作用,探讨带状疱疹发生的免疫学机制.方法 用流式细胞仪技术和酶联免疫吸附法分别对病例组与对照组T细胞亚群表面标志CD3、C1M和CD8的表达情况.血清Th免疫相关因子白介素(IL)-2、IL-4和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平进行分析.结果 带状疱疹患者CD4比例显著降低,CD3比例亦降低,CD8比例升高,CD4/CD8比值下降;血清IL-2水平明显下降,TNF-α水平下降,IL-4水平明显升高.结论 带状疱疹患者体内存在T细胞免疲功能异常.尤其CD4+T细胞的比例降低可能是疾病发生、发展的主要免疫学改变.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者T细胞亚群与T淋巴细胞CD2免疫分子功能研究

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)与T细胞受体介导的信号传导异常有关。红细胞具有天然免疫特性,又具有适应性免疫的特性,有识别、黏附、杀伤抗原,清除循环免疫复合物的能力．参与机体免疫调控。红细胞CD58、CD59与T细胞的CD2分子密切相关,二者互为天然配体,其相互作用是红细胞调控细胞因子产生的主要分子基础。我们通过对SLE患者红细胞的天然免疫研究,探讨T淋巴细胞CD2及T细胞亚群CD4^ 、CD8^ 以及CD4^ ／CD8^ 的比值在SLE患者中的意义,进一步探讨SLE的发病机制。     

带状疱疹患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞分析

对５０例带状疱疹患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）用流式细胞仪进行检测,并与３０例正常人对照,结果带状疱疹组ＣＤ３下降不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ＣＤ４下降明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＣＤ８明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８下降明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＮＫ细胞升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,提示患者辅助性Ｔ细胞减少,抑制性Ｔ细胞增另,存在免疫抑制现象。     

扁平苔藓外周血T细胞及亚群的研究

对３２例皮肤扁平苔藓患者以抗人Ｔ细胞单克隆抗体碱性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶法检测外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞及其亚群，并与２６名健康志愿者进行对照。结果表明，扁平苔藓患者存在着ＣＤ及ＣＤ细胞升高，降低，与健康对照组比较，有统计学意义。其中泛发型患者此种改变更为明显，支持扁平苔藓的发病与异常细胞介导的免疫反应有关。     

荨麻疹外周血T淋巴细胞及亚群的检测

对６０例荨麻疹患者用流式细胞仪检测外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞及其亚群并与２０例健康志愿者作对照。结果表明,荨麻疹患者ＣＤ＾＋３及ＣＤ＾＋４细胞明显降低,与健康对照组比较差异有非常显著性意义,其中以急性荨麻疹患者ＣＤ＾＋３、ＣＤ＾＋４改变最为明显。     

Onychomycosis and diabetes

Objective  This study aims to discuss factors specific to diabetics in the diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis.
Discussion  Onychomycosis has the potential to cause severe complications in diabetics and should be treated promptly. The existence of comorbid conditions and potential for drug–drug interactions complicates the selection of an appropriate treatment regimen. The role of Candida in onychomycosis is controversial but may be of increased significance in the diabetic population due to an underlying vulnerability to this organism.
Conclusions  Terbinafine is an excellent choice in diabetics due to its low risk of drug–drug interaction and proven efficacy against the typical pathogens that cause onychomycosis. Itraconazole, while an effective treatment for onychomycosis, is not a first-choice therapy due to its black-box cardiac warning and numerous drug interactions. Larger studies are needed in diabetics to determine the frequency of candidal nail infections.     

杭州地区973例甲真菌病分析

目的了解杭州地区甲真菌病病原菌的种类和构成情况,获取流行病学资料.方法我们于2004年6月-11月对直接镜检阳性的973例甲真菌病患者进行了真菌分离培养及流行病学调查.结果共培养出722株病原菌,皮肤癣菌、酵母、非皮肤癣菌霉菌(NDM)所占比例分别为43.63%、38.37%、18.01%.皮肤癣菌中红色毛癣菌占89.52%(282/315),酵母中近平滑念珠菌居首,占21.66%,非皮肤癣菌霉菌中以曲霉和青霉为主.结论杭州地区的甲真菌病病原菌为皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和非皮肤癣菌霉菌,其中以红色毛癣菌和近平滑念珠菌为主.要注意非皮肤癣菌的污染或寄生问题.     

Onychomycosis in Icelandic children

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is a rare disorder in children. Few studies exist on the incidence or prevalence of onychomycosis in children. OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of childhood onychomycosis in Iceland during the period 1982-2000. METHODS: Results from all mycological samples taken from children in Iceland from 1982 to 2000 were examined. Information about the requesting physician, unique social security number, date of birth, sex, results of culture and microscopy were registered. Growth of a dermatophyte was taken as an indication of a case of onychomycosis. RESULTS: During the period 1982-2000 a total of 493 samples from 408 Icelandic children, aged 0-17 years, were examined. Dermatophytes were cultured from 148 (30.0%) samples. During the period 1982-85, the mean annual incidence of positive cultures was 1.65 per 100,000, increasing to 21.30 per 100,000 for the years 1996-2000. Trichophyton rubrum was the dominating organism and was found in 102/148 cases positive for the growth of a dermatophyte. The incidence of positive dermatophyte cultures increased with age and was found in eight children aged 0-4, and in 57 children aged 10-14 years. CONCLUSION: Onychomycosis is rare in children, but increases with age. It seems that onychomycosis increased during the study period, but it is not clear if this was due to a true increase in the prevalence of onychomycosis or an increased awareness of onychomycosis, or both.     

Onychomycosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Background  As far as we have sought for in Medline and PubMed, not one study until now has evaluated the prevalence of onychomycosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As there are great evidence of immunological disturbances linked to IBD, a possible relationship of this nail infection in association with those diseases and the possible risk factors might be relevant in IBD patients.
Methods  A case-control prospective study using combined direct smear and cultures for fungus was performed. Sociodemographics, clinical and laboratorial data were recorded at baseline and samples of suspected nails were collected from 141 IBD (61 men and 80 women) and from a group of 100 non-IBD subjects (41 men and 59 women). Direct smear and cultures were performed on each suspected case to exclude other onychodystrophies.
Results  The incidence of onychomycosis in IBD patients was highly significant in comparison to non-IBD patients (14.9% vs. 6%, respectively, P  < 0.05). The risk factors predisposing IBD patients to onychomycosis were older age ( P  = 0.02) and leucopoenia in those using azathioprine therapy ( P  = 0.04) beyond a trend to lymphopenia ( P  = 0.06). The dermatophytes predominated (76.2%) over yeasts (19%) and moulds (4.8%).
Conclusion  The prevalence of onychomycosis in IBD patients was expressively high (14.9%) in comparison with non-IBD patients. Considering the sociodemographic factors, any one but two were related to fungal onychomycosis incidence. Therefore, as far as we are concerned, IBD must be included in the high-risk underlying conditions for onychomycosis occurrence.     

Onychomycosis and the diagnostic significance of nail biopsy

Onychomycosis is the most common cause of deformed nails. It is often confused clinically with other nail diseases such as psoriasis. A cross sectional study was carried out in 120 clinically suspected onychomycosis patients to assess the diagnostic utility of nail unit histopathology. The majority of the patients were males (72.5%) in the age group of 20-40 years (55%). Involvement of fingernails alone (37.5%) was found to be more common than toenails (12.5%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis [DLSO] (76.6%) was the predominant morphological type noted. Direct microscopy with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation revealed fungal filaments in 82.5% of the cases. Mycological culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with and without cycloheximide indicated fungal isolates in 44% of the cases, with Trichophyton mentagrophytes being the most common isolate (38.3%). The combined approach with KOH preparation and culture showed the evidence of fungus in 103 cases (85.8%). Of the rest of the 17 cases in whom both these procedures failed to confirm a diagnosis, nail unit biopsy was carried out in 15 consenting patients. Fungal hyphae (better demonstrable on PAS staining) were evident in 14 cases (93.3%). Other histopathological features observed among these patients were subungual hyperkeratosis, neutrophilic infiltrate, parakeratosis, hemorrhage, and serum crusts. We concluded that histopathological examination of nails is a valuable diagnostic aid in onychomycosis, especially if routine parameters fail to establish a diagnosis.     

隐球菌性脑膜炎患者临床免疫指标分析

目的：研究隐球菌性脑膜炎（隐脑）患者细胞和体液免疫功能，方法：用液式细胞仪和免疫扩散法检测了12例隐脑患者外周T细胞亚群、NK细胞百分率及体液免疫指标。结果：与正常对照组相比，隐脑患者CD4^ 细胞百分率、CD4^ ／CD8^ 及C3均显著下降（P＜0.01），血清中IgG下降（P＜0.05）。结论：在非获得性免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）隐脑患者同样存在着细胞免疫低下情况。     

皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的T细胞受体基因克隆性重排

目的 研究皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤（CTCL）早期诊断。方法 利用PCR方法，设计PCRVγ1-8,Vγ9,Jγ1/γ2特异引物，分析24例各类型CTCL，2例可疑CTCL及4例非特异性红皮病患者的33份示TCRVγ1-8,37份示Vγ9呈MCGR，BCGR或OCGR，尤其是13例早期蕈样肉芽肿，2例可疑CTCL和4例非特异性红皮病均呈TCRγ-GR克隆性扩增带，6例炎性病变标本示TCRγ-GR克隆性，提示他们为“克隆性皮炎”，需长期随访。结论 用PCR发现早期CTCL的PCRγ-GR克隆性，为诊断提供依据。     

复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血IL-12与Th1/Th2细胞因子的检测

目的检测复发性生殖器疱疹(RGH)患者不同病期外周血CD4+T细胞内IL-12,IFN-,γIL-4的水平,探讨IL-12,Th1与Th2亚群在疾病中的可能作用。方法应用流式细胞仪对20例发作期、15例恢复期RGH患者和15名健康人外周血CD4+T细胞IL-12,IFN-γ和IL-4进行检测。结果发作期患者外周血IFN-γ+-CD4+T细胞百分率显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),IL-4+-CD4+T细胞百分率明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),Th1/Th2比值显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01),同时IL-12+-CD4+T细胞百分率显著降低(P<0.01)。恢复期患者外周血IL-12+-CD4+T细胞百分率仍显著低于正常(P<0.05)。结论RGH患者存在Th1/Th2比例失衡和IL-12水平低下,而后者可能是导致Th1/Th2比例失衡和病情反复发作的重要原因。