椎弓根螺钉内固定结合椎体问植骨术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效观察

目的 探讨应用后路椎板减压、椎弓根螺钉复位固定、椎体间植骨术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果.方法 对43例峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症行后路减压、椎弓根螺钉复位固定结合椎体间植骨术治疗.评价术后滑脱复位和椎问植骨愈合情况.结果 随访6～24个月,平均14.6个月.术后6～12个月复查腰椎X线片,4例植骨区仍有透亮影,2例出现滑脱椎体复位丢失.结论 椎弓根螺钉复位固定、后路腰椎椎体问植骨融合术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症疗效满意,植骨愈合率高.     

椎弓根钉钩系统加峡部植骨系统治疗单纯腰椎峡部不连5年疗效随访

目的：椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨术治疗腰椎峡部不连手术5年疗效随访研究。方法2006-2008,我院收治20例单纯腰椎峡部不连患者采用椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨固定治疗术后5年随访。结果术前及术后5年随访VAS评分有明显统计学意义（P〈0.05）;患者术后5年CT断扫峡部裂植骨均骨性愈合。20例患者均未发生脱钩及临近节段退变（椎间隙高度丢失）;2例诉腰椎活动度较术前轻度受限;6例出现腰椎间盘退变。结论与多节段固定融合术相比,椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨术治疗腰椎峡部不连是对腰椎正常生理活动范围干扰小、临近节段退变率低的一种可靠、有效的单椎体动态固定术式。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定结合椎体间植骨术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效观察

目的探讨应用后路椎板减压、椎弓根螺钉复位固定、椎体间植骨术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法对43例峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症行后路减压、椎弓根螺钉复位固定结合椎体间植骨术治疗。评价术后滑脱复位和椎间植骨愈合情况。结果随访6～24个月,平均14.6个月。术后6～12个月复查腰椎X线片,4例植骨区仍有透亮影,2例出现滑脱椎体复位丢失。结论椎弓根螺钉复位固定、后路腰椎椎体间植骨融合术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症疗效满意,植骨愈合率高。     

椎弓根钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨术治疗腰椎峡部不连

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨术治疗腰椎峡部不连的手术方法及疗效。方法 8例腰椎峡部不连患者采用椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨固定治疗,并对手术结果进行分析。结果术前及术后随访VAS评分分别为6.20±1.26和1.93±0.81,JOA评分分别为20.06±1.16、27.89±0.66,差异有明显统计学意义（P〈0.05）。患者术后X线片示峡部裂植骨均骨性愈合,优6例,良2例。结论椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨术治疗腰椎峡部不连是单节段固定,对腰椎的正常生理活动范围干扰及手术创伤均较小,是一种简单、有效的术式。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗峡部裂伴腰椎骨脱症

目的 探讨峡部裂伴腰椎滑脱症的手术治疗。方法 应用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定椎板整体切除减压复位椎管重建360度植骨融合治疗峡部裂伴腰椎骨脱症,分析其临床结果。结果46例患者42例获得随随访随访时间6月至7年,平均3．6年,所有患者均获得融合。2例早期AF螺钉断裂,取出内固定,复位末丢失。1例患者术后四天出现原有症状加重,对症治三周后症状消失。6例患者术后有腰部僵硬感,4例女性患者术后月经期有腰部酸痛感。结论 应用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定椎板整体切队减压复位椎管重建360度植骨融合治疗峡部裂伴腰椎滑脱症可取得良好的临床效果。     

节段内U形钛棒固定系统结合峡部植骨治疗腰椎峡部裂的临床效果

目的 研究U形钛棒内固定系统结合峡部植骨治疗腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效.方法 纳入2015年2月～2018年12月本科收治的50例不伴有椎间盘突出及腰椎滑脱的单纯性腰椎峡部裂患者;累及节段L34例,L414例,L532例.采用节段内U形钛棒固定系统结合峡部植骨治疗30例(U形钛棒组),节段间椎弓根螺钉系统结合峡部植骨治疗20例(椎弓根钉组).对比两组术前及末次随访时的VAS评分、ODI指数以及腰椎活动度以及并发症发生情况.通过腰椎CT评价峡部骨折愈合情况.结果 所有患者随访12～24个月,平均(18.2±7.3)个月.末次随访时两组疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数较术前均显著降低(P<0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但U形钛棒组腰椎活动度显著大于椎弓根钉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访两组患者峡部裂骨性愈合时间无显著性差异(P>0.05).所有手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植骨骨性融合,无感染、慢性疼痛、内固定松动等并发症发生.结论 对于不伴有椎间盘突出及腰椎滑脱的单纯性腰椎峡部裂患者,节段内U形钛棒固定与节段间椎弓根钉固定结合峡部植骨治疗均能取得良好疗效,但前者更有利于保留腰椎的活动度.     

肌间隙入路钉钩固定结合峡部植骨治疗青少年腰椎峡部裂

目的 探讨肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉-椎板钩固定结合峡部植骨治疗青少年腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月-2018年12月应用肌间隙入路钉钩固定结合峡部植骨治疗的青少年腰椎峡部裂患者38例,术前及末次随访进行VAS评分和ODI指数评估疼痛和功能障碍情况,采用Macnab标准对手术疗效进行评估,术后3、6个...     

经椎板空心加压螺丝张力带治疗青年腰椎峡部裂

[目的]探讨应用经椎板空心螺丝张力带治疗青年峡部裂的疗效。[方法]2007年1月～2009年12月对15例(30侧)青年峡部裂患者进行峡部修整、峡部植骨融合、经椎板空心螺丝张力带复位固定和治疗。[结果]术后随访12～36个月,患者疼痛症状明显缓解,峡部裂处植骨骨性愈合,未见内固定松动、断裂。[结论]经椎板空心加压螺丝张力带是一种节段内治疗腰椎椎弓峡部裂安全、有效的内固定装置。     

SOCON椎弓根钉钩系统在青少年腰椎椎弓根峡部裂的临床应用

目的应用SOCON椎弓根钉钩系统治疗青少年椎弓根峡部裂．观察固定和融合效果。方法对16例青少年腰椎椎弓根峡部裂的患者行椎弓根钉钩系统内固定。结果全部病例得到随访,平均随访时间8个月,所有患者术前症状消失,植骨融合,内固定无松脱。结论SOCON椎弓根钉钩系统是精疗青少年椎弓根峡部裂是一种比较理想的方法。     

Buck法螺钉固定联合椎板-横突植骨术治疗腰椎椎弓峡部裂

目的 探讨Buck法螺钉固定联合椎板-横突植骨术治疗腰椎椎弓峡部裂合并轻度腰椎滑脱的手术效果。方法 应用Buck法螺钉同定联合椎板-横突植骨融合,治疗10例合并Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱的腰椎椎弓峡部断裂。结果随访8个月～4年,均达骨性融合,腰痛等症状缓解。结论Buck法螺钉固定联合椎板-横突植骨融合技术治疗合并Ⅰ～Ⅱ度以内滑脱的腰椎椎弓峡部裂,手术创伤小,对腰椎生理影响小,疗效可靠。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.