手术治疗51例髋臼骨折

目的探讨手术复位及内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的方法及疗效。方法对51例髋臼骨折患者根据骨折类型选择手术入路和复位内固定。随访评价术后的治疗效果。结果患者均获得随访,时间6个月~6年。髋臼骨折复位质量按照Matta标准：解剖复位31例（60.8%）,满意复位18例（35.3%）,不满意复位2例（3.9%）。髋关节功能依据D′Aubingne评分标准：优21例（41.2%）,良24例（47.0%）,可5例（9.8%）,差1例（2.0%）,优良率为88.2%。结论对于有手术指征的髋臼骨折,选择适宜的手术时机,采用正确的手术入路和良好的骨折复位及固定,可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

复杂移位型髋臼骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨复杂移位型髋臼骨折的临床治疗效果。方法：从2000年2月—2002年7月收治23例髋臼骨折患者，其中后柱合并后壁骨折11例，前柱合并后半横形骨折6例，双柱骨折5例，“T”形骨折1例。本组复杂移位型髋臼骨折均采用手术治疗。手术采用髂腹股沟入路11例，Kocher—Langen—beck(K—L)入路5例，髂骨股骨入路4例，前后联合入路3例。结果：根据Matta评分标准，解剖复位16例(69．6％)，满意复位6例(26．1％)，不满意复位1例(4．3％)。昕有病例随访6～26个月，平均19．6个月，随访疗效与X线优良率分别为81．8％，83．9％。结论：复杂移化型髋臼骨折尽早手术治疗可取得满意的骨折复位和临床疗效，手术医师的手术技巧和临床经验与疗效密切相关。     

内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的疗效.方法 2004年7月至2009年4月共收治64例移位髋臼骨折患者,男40例,女24例;平均年龄47.6岁.按Letournel-Judet方法分型:后壁骨折16例,后柱骨折2例,前柱骨折2例,横行骨折8例,后柱伴后壁骨折8例,横行伴后壁骨折6例,T形骨折6例,前柱伴后壁横行骨折2例,双柱骨折14例.根据不同骨折类型,手术采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路32例,髂腹股沟入路16例,前后联合入路(髂腹股沟切口+K-L入路)16例,复位后应用骨盆重建钢板、拉力螺钉内固定. 结果 平均手术时间为3 h,术中平均失血量为800mL.所有患者术后获8～40个月(平均18个月)随访.根据Matta影像学评分,患者伤后2周内手术者53例,其中解剖复位39例,满意复位10例,不满意复位4例,复位优良率为92.5%.伤后2～3周后手术者11例,其中解剖复位4例,满意复位5例,不满意复位2例,复位优良率为81.8%.临床疗效评定结果:优37例,良13例,可8例,差6例,优良率为78.1%.发生创伤性关节炎2例,异位骨化3例(Ⅱ～Ⅲ度),股骨头缺血性坏死1例. 结论 对于移位髋臼骨折,根据不同骨折类型采用不同开放复位策略、尽早选择合理的手术方法是提高疗效的关键.     

不稳定骨盆骨折并存移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨不稳定骨盆骨折并存移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的效果。方法　本组 2 1例采用联合Tile -Letournel分类法确定并行手术治疗。结果　平均随访 2年 ,骨盆骨折均获复位。累及髋臼负重顶的骨折 17例 ,15例复位满意 ,疗效优良。结论　手术可有效复位固定骨折 ,矫正畸形 ,重建骨盆环的稳定性、恢复髋臼关节面的平整和正常的头臼关系     

Displaced acetabular fractures

Displaced acetabular fractures occur primarily in young adults involved in high energy trauma and can lead to disabling posttraumatic arthritis. An initial roentgenographic evaluation with accurate delineation of all fracture lines provides the key to decisions about whether to give closed or open treatment. When open treatment is indicated, a surgical approach can be chosen that will almost always lead to reduction without the necessity of a second approach. The authors have found that the Kocher-Langenbeck, ilioinguinal, and extended iliofemoral approaches are the most useful. A fracture table and specialized reduction instruments aid fracture reduction and fixation. Satisfactory operative reduction of the fracture is the factor that correlates best with a satisfactory clinical result. The rate of satisfactory operative reductions improved gradually over the first 50 operations of a prospective study of 121 displaced acetabular fractures. Overall, there were 80% satisfactory clinical results in this series. Complications included a 3% infection rate and a 5% incidence of nerve palsy. Open reduction and internal fixation are indicated for the majority of displaced fractures. However, closed treatment can produce satisfactory results in selected patients.     

髋臼双柱骨折的临床特点与前后联合入路手术治疗

目的　探讨髋臼双柱骨折的临床特点和手术治疗。方法　应用前后联合入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折 1 3例。结果　本组 1 3例中达到解剖复位 1 0例 ,复位欠佳 2例 ,不满意复位 1例 ;随访 1～ 4年 ,平均 2年 ,结果解剖复位组关节功能表现优良 9例 ,可 1例 ;复位欠佳组关节功能表现良 1例 ,可 1例 ;不满意复位组关节功能表现差 1例。结论　前后联合入路是治疗移位髋臼双柱骨折的最佳选择     

重建钛板及记忆合金内固定系统治疗髋臼骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨髋臼骨折内固定物的选择及手术策略。方法分别采用髋臼重建钛板螺钉系统及记忆合金三维内固定系统治疗髋臼骨折22例,其中重建钛板螺钉系统固定13例,记忆合金三维内固定系统9例。结果术后随访6~36个月,按Merle d Aubigue临床评定标准,重建钢板螺钉组:优7例,良2例,一般3例,差1例。记忆合金组:优6例,良1例,一般2例。两组间优良率的差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.523)。1例5岁儿童因横行髋臼骨折行钛板螺钉系统固定,术后骨折移位,畸形愈合,临床评定差。结论记忆合金三维内固定系统操作简便,固定确实可靠,但不适于严重粉碎骨折;儿童髋臼骨折应解剖复位,牢固固定,必要时可跨骨骺固定,以恢复髋臼的正常结构和发育。     

Long-term results in surgically treated acetabular fractures through the posterior approaches

BACKGROUND: The long-term results of surgically treated displaced acetabular fractures using the posterior approaches and the possible role of the greater trochanteric osteotomy in the development of heterotopic ossification (HO) are still somehow controversial despite extensive publications. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with an acetabular fracture and displacement of at least 3 mm were surgically treated during a 6-year period. The duration of the follow-up was from 10 to 15 years, with a mean of 12.5 years. RESULTS: The over-all satisfactory clinical result, grouping together the excellent and good results, was 80%. There was a good correlation between clinical and radiologic results. The most common complication was HO, observed in 19 patients (25.3%). The extended iliofemoral approach had the greater incidence of HO (40%), whereas the least was observed in the Kocher-Langenbeck approach with osteotomy of the greater trochanter (21.4%). Moreover, posttraumatic osteoarthrosis was observed in eight patients (10.7%) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head in six (8%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of the acetabular fractures aiming at anatomic reduction of the acetabulum and congruency with the femoral head is the prerequisite for a favorable functional outcome in the long term. In most cases, the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is adequate. Trochanteric osteotomy is indicated only for fractures extending toward the anrerior column and this facilitates exposure, anatomic reduction, and fixation. No statistically significant difference was found between the surgical approach and heterotopic bone formation.     

复杂髋臼骨折脱位40例手术治疗及疗效分析

[目的]探讨提高复杂髋臼骨折手术治疗疗效的方法和要点.[方法]总结40例复杂髋臼骨折脱位的围手术期处理及手术治疗要点和治疗效果.充分做好围手术期的各项检查和治疗,做好术前和术后的病情评估.手术中根据不同的骨折类型,分别采用不同的入路[其中Kocher-Langenbeck入路21例,髂腹股沟入路6例,前后联合入路(髂腹股沟加K-L入路)13例],充分暴露骨折,准确复位,牢固内固定.[结果]平均随访时间为29个月(26 ～42个月).根据Matta影像学评分,解剖复位30例,良好复位7例,差3例;优良率92.5％.局部感染2例,发生创伤性关节炎4例,异位骨化1例.[结论]充分做好髋臼骨折围手术期的治疗和处理,是手术的必要条件;正确的手术入路和术中对骨折的良好复位固定,是提高治疗疗效的关键.     

移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨移位髋臼骨折的手术方法。方法对22例髋臼骨折按不同类型、不同手术入路分别用加压螺钉、重建钢板等予以内固定治疗。结果平均随访14个月(5~30个月)。术后发生1例伤口感染和1例坐骨神经牵拉伤,未发生血管损伤及深静脉栓塞。复位情况按Judet方法评估,达到解剖复位者18例,复位满意者4例。按美国矫形外科研究院标准评估疗效,优14例,良5例,可2例,差1例。结论重建钢板内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折是有效的方法,正确的骨折分型、手术切口的选择是复位成功的关键。     

手术治疗移位髋臼骨折

目的：探讨移位髋臼骨折的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法：1995－2001年，共收治此类损伤32例。按Letournel分类，选用不同的手术入路进行切开复位内固定。结果：按术后X线标准，解剖复位18例，复位欠佳8例，不满意6例；按Matta临床评分，优19例，良8例，可3例，差2例，优良率84．4％。结论：治疗效果的关键是正确诊断，严格掌握手术适应证，选择合适的手术入路，充分利用两点加压复位及双螺钉复位技术。     

Kocher-Langenbeck入路治疗复合髋臼骨折

目的探讨Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路治疗复合髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法对35例复合髋臼骨折患者采用K-L入路手术复位内固定治疗。结果 35例均获得随访,时间10~52个月。根据Matta影像学评定标准:解剖复位17例,良好复位12例,复位差6例。按照改良D'Aubigne-Postel关节功能评分标准:优11例,良15例,可5例,差4例,优良率74.3%。术后骨折全部愈合,无感染及医源性坐骨神经损伤,发生创伤性关节炎3例、股骨头缺血性坏死1例、异位骨化5例。结论复合髋臼骨折中,后柱伴后壁骨折、大多数横断伴后壁骨折及某些T形骨折和少量双柱骨折通过单纯K-L入路可以完成骨折的复位固定,获得满意的临床疗效。     

手术治疗移位髋臼骨折的临床探讨

目的探讨和总结移位髋臼骨折的治疗方法。方法对我院从2010年5月~2015年5月收治的19例移位髋臼骨折患者进行回顾分析,总结其治疗方法及临床效果。结果 19例均获得随访,随访6~24个月(平均18个月),临床效果评价采用改良的d’Aubigne-Postel髋关节评分标准进行评分,优14例,良3例,可1例,差1例,优良率89.5%。1例术后出现严重的创伤性关节炎并股骨头缺血坏死行人工全髋关节置换,1例采用后入路患者发生异位骨化,1例术中牵拉损伤坐骨神经。结论采用合适的手术治疗方法治疗移位髋臼骨折,能重建髋关节的匹配及稳定性,术后患者可早期活动,临床疗效良好。     

Fractures of the acetabulum. Early results of a prospective study

One hundred two patients with 105 displaced fractures of the acetabulum were treated for fractures involving at least one column of the acetabulum and displaced at least 5 mm (rim fractures were excluded). The patients were primarily young adults with multiple injuries secondary to motor-vehicle-associated trauma. Fractures were classified according to the classification of Letournel. The most common fractures were the complex associated types with 44 complete both column, 19 T-shaped, and 18 associated transverse and posterior wall. Seventeen fractures were treated closed, and 88 were treated operatively. Closed treatment with skeletal traction was undertaken if roof arc measurements demonstrated a satisfactory remaining acetabular dome following fracture and in some cases of apparent congruence following complete both column fractures. Fractures not meeting these criteria were operated upon through the Kocher-Langenbeck, extended iliofemoral, or ilioinguinal approach. Ninety percent of the operations produced a satisfactory reduction of the fracture (3 mm or less displacement). A follow-up study longer than one year was obtained for 50 fractures. Clinical results were 80% satisfactory overall. Operative complications included 3% infection, 5% nerve palsy, and 7% significant ectopic bone. Operative treatment can produce satisfactory fracture reductions and clinical results with an acceptably low complication rate.     

手术治疗髋臼合并同侧股骨干骨折的临床研究

目的总结髋臼合并同侧股骨干骨折的手术方法和治疗效果。方法从2003-2006年共手术治疗12例。股骨干骨折根据AO的Muller分类法，A1型3例，A2型2例，A3型3例，B2型3例，C2型1例。髋臼骨折按AO的Letournel～Judet分型，A1型2例，A2型1例，B型5例，C型4例。根据不同骨折类型，分别采用不同手术入路进行骨折复位内固定。结果12例患者平均随访15．8个月，根据Matta影像学评分，解剖复位7例，满意复位3例，不满意复位2例。根据D’Aubign6和Postel功能评分法，优6例（50．00％），良2例（16．67％），可3例（25．00％）），差1例（8．33％）。根据Epstein影像学标准评价，优7例，良2例，可2例，差1例。发生股骨头坏死合并创伤性关节炎1例（8．33％），异位骨化1例（8．33％）。无手术死亡、感染及骨折不愈合发生。结论把握合适的手术时机，准确的评估骨折类型，选择正确的手术入路，配合术中灵活的处理，是提高疗效的关键。     

Displaced acetabular fractures in the elderly: Results after open reduction and internal fixation

BackgroundThe optimal management of elderly patients with displaced acetabular fractures remains controversial. This paper aims to summarize the clinical results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and the possible factors influencing them.MethodsRadiographic and clinical data on 52 elderly patients with displaced acetabular fractures that were treated by ORIF between May 2000 and May 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Data, such as fracture type (Letournel's classification system), quality of reduction, clinical outcomes (Harris hip score and modified Merle d’Aubigne-Postel score), and radiological outcomes (Matta score), were evaluated.ResultsGood to excellent clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded in 43 (82.7%) and 37 patients (71.2%), respectively. Acetabular fractures without radiographic features, such as quadrilateral plate fracture, Gull sign, posterior dislocation of hip, posterior wall marginal impaction, comminuted posterior wall fracture, and femoral head injury, can still achieve good to excellent outcomes. However, patients with the abovementioned radiographic features tend to achieve fair or poor outcomes. When an acetabular fracture with the aforementioned features, except for femoral head injury, can achieve and maintain anatomic reduction until complete fracture healing, the difference between fractures with and without the radiographic features is no longer significant. The results indicate that the outcomes are more affected by reduction rather than radiographic features.ConclusionORIF may be suggested for displaced acetabular fractures in the elderly. Good to excellent outcomes and a high degree of patient satisfaction can be achieved in majority of the patients. We recommend ORIF as the preferred treatment for displaced acetabular fractures without the abovementioned radiographic features.Level of evidenceTherapeutic level IV.     

The efficacy of posterior plating and anterior column screw fixation in the management of T-shaped acetabular fractures - CART analysis of prospective cohort study

T-shaped acetabular fractures are challenging injuries. The goal of surgical treatment is to achieve a stable and a concentric reduction of the femoral head under the anatomically reduced weight-bearing dome. There is an ongoing debate about the ideal approach and fixation method for T-shaped fractures. In this study, a group of 34 patients with T-shaped acetabular fractures were treated by posterior plating and anterior column screw. All patients, were followed for at least two years or until hip replacement. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to report the rate of postoperative radiological results together with the early clinical outcome. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 62%, satisfactory reduction of the anterior column with restoration of hip congruency in 82% with excellent to good clinical outcome in 75% of cases. We used classification regression trees (CART) to select the important predictors and generate hypotheses on interaction among them. Residual anterior column displacement >3.5 mm was associated with poor clinical results. In cases with residual displacement <3.5 mm, the presence of a posterior wall fracture was an independent negative predictor.     

联合手术入路治疗复杂型髋臼骨折

目的总结复杂型髋臼骨折联合手术入路的治疗经验。方法对19例复杂型髋臼骨折行联合手术入路治疗。结果术后以M atta复位标准:优4例,良13例,中2例。经6个月~3年随访,患者均下地行走,按照M atta功能评分:优5例,良11例,中2例,差1例。结论联合手术入路治疗复杂型髋臼骨折可以取得满意疗效。医师的临床经验对于提高复位质量、改善疗效十分重要。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼骨折的分型、手术入路的选择及手术效果.方法 手术治疗22例髋臼骨折患者,后壁骨折和后柱加后壁骨折选择K-L入路,前柱、前壁骨折及横断骨折选择髂腹股沟入路,前后移位明显的横断骨折、T形骨折、双柱骨折选择前后联合入路.结果 22例均获随访,时间6个月~5年,骨折6~9个月均愈合.按Matta评定标准:解剖复位 9例,满意复位13例.根据改良的Merle d′Aubigne-Poster髋关节功能评分标准:优7例,良10例,可4例,差1例.1例股骨头坏死,3例创伤性关节炎,2例异位骨化.结论 按髋臼骨折的分型选择合适的手术入路和良好的骨折复位内固定是获得满意疗效的前提.     

复杂髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨提高髋臼骨折复位质量的手术方法。方法自2005年3月至2010年3月,共手术治疗移位的复杂髋臼骨折26例,选择Kocher-langenbeck切口6例,髂腹股沟切口4例,扩大的髂股切口3例,前后联合切口13例。结果根据Matta提出的复位标准,本组解剖复位19例,良3例,差4例,复位优良率为84.6%(22/26);根据HHS(Har-ris hip score)疗效标准,所有26例中解剖复位组疗效优良率为84.2%(16/19),复位差组优良率为25%(1/4)。结论髋臼骨折的复位质量是决定手术疗效的关键,把握手术时机、正确选择切口、注意复位顺序、正确放置钢板并置入螺钉,是提高复位质量的关键。