延迟性肌肉损伤与自由基代谢异常——运动延迟性肌肉损伤机制探讨之二

前面的研究表明,大鼠下坡运动后可出现明显的运动延迟性肌肉损伤,本文通过对延迟性肌肉损伤发生过程中肌肉组织的自由基代谢变化的动态研究,提供了自由基损伤参与延迟性肌肉损伤发生的证据。     

延迟性肌肉疼痛

延迟性肌肉疼痛(DOMS)具有两个最基本的特征:1.在运动结束后数小时才出现疼痛,并持续数日,然后逐渐缓解;2.好发于离心运动特别是大强度离心运动后。 早在1902年Hough提出了DOMS是肌肉损伤的观点,以后的学者围绕这个课题进行了大量的探索,近10年来电镜技术、针刺活检技术的运用,证实了肌肉损伤的存在。然而,损伤是否是DOMS的根本原因,DOMS的真正原因是什么,尚未明确,本文就最新收集的资料对此进行阐述。1 DOMS的一般表现1.1 DOMS好发于离心运动后:Schwane让受试者分为两组:下坡跑组及平地跑组,在进行相同的运动量后,下坡跑组即离心运动组出现DOMS。而平地     

针刺对骨骼肌损伤过程中细胞内钙分布的影响及其机制

本文利用电刺激诱发爪蟾腓肠肌结构损伤模型及电子探针微区分析技术测定细胞内钙、钠、镁、氯浓度，对针刺促进肌肉损伤恢复的作用机制进行了探讨。结果发现，针刺在体或离体的损伤肌肉均能使肌纤维胞浆内增加的钙浓度迅速降至对照组水平。与此同时，肌浆网钙含量无明显改变；而胞浆钠则进一步上升，不仅高于对照组，也高于同体蛙未针刺肌。这证实了针刺具有有效的降钙作用。这一作用与肌浆网摄钙无关，主要通过细胞膜Ｎａ~＋－Ｃａ~（２＋）交换迅速完成。超微结构观察表明，随胞浆钙下降，肌肉结构变化显著缓解，提示针刺的降钙作用很可能是抑制运动性肌肉损伤，加快结构恢复。     

针刺对家兔超负荷运动骨骼肌细胞内钙离子活度的影响

本文应用高度敏感的钙离子敏感微电极（Ｃａ＋＋－ＩＳＭ）技术进行骨骼肌细胞内Ｃａ＋＋活度　的测定。结果发现：家兔过度运动后，骨骼肌腔电位绝对值明显下降，胞内　明显增加。而针刺治疗后，肌细胞腱电位迅速恢复，　也明显降低。针刺的这种作用，可能是其修复肌细胞超微结构的损伤变化、治疗人体运动所致的肌肉损伤－延迟性肌肉酸痛的重要途径。     

连续运动后延迟性肌肉损伤的适应性研究

采用人体和动物实验观察延迟性肌肉损伤对连续运动的适应性变化。人体研究发现 ,体育系男性大学生一次性运动后即刻身体疲劳感觉 (RPE)达峰值 ,以后逐渐恢复 ;肌肉酸痛感觉、血清肌酸激酶 (CK)活性和肌红蛋白 (Mb)含量运动后第 3天达峰值 ,运动后第 7天恢复到运动前水平。 1周运动后 ,RPE、肌肉酸痛感觉、CK活性和Mb的变化明显 ,但无持续增高的趋势 ,运动后第 4天各种症状和指标均开始恢复。动物实验结果显示 ,一次离心运动导致的骨骼肌超微结构变化在运动后 2 4～ 4 8小时最为明显 ,运动后第 7天损伤程度明显减轻。连续 7天同样强度运动后骨骼肌超微结构的破坏并无积累现象 ,停止运动后第 7天基本恢复。本研究结果提示 ,延迟性肌肉损伤对连续运动可产生适应     

高血压患者的补钙与阻钙

许多患高血压病的老年人需要补钙，但同时又需要服用阻钙剂，这常常使人感到迷惑。钙是一种肌肉收缩剂，高血压患者的细胞内钙的含量高，就会导致血管平滑肌兴奋－收缩联动，引起血管收缩而致血压升高。阻钙剂是将细胞内钙排出，或将钙储存于细胞内的“钙储库”，使血管舒张而起到降压作用。既然认为钙离子是升压离子，那么为什么患高血压的老年人还要补钙呢？据研究发现，钙的缺少或失调能引起某些阳离子功能失调，从而导致血压升高。在高血压病人中普遍观察到其饮食中的钙含量较低，但是细胞内钙水平却呈现着一种“超载”状态，表现为血管…     

延迟性肌损伤中医疗法选试

延迟性肌损伤中医疗法选试山东泰安师范专科学校（２７１０００）李子让，张廷妍，郑光，肖自明山东体育学院郭勇力延迟性肌肉损伤和肌肉酸痛常发生于大强度大运动量训练结束后，也是长时间旅游登山后几乎无一例外的常见征象。经过休息，这种酸痛虽然能自然消除，但恢复时...     

骨骼肌离心收缩运动致延迟性肌肉损伤的生物力学研究

研究离心运动后快慢骨骼肌生物力学性质的变化,以及与延迟性骨骼肌损伤的关系。结果发现大鼠经间歇性离心运动训练后,快慢骨骼肌被动拉伸时的极限强度、极限应变、弹性模量、能量吸收等材料力学性质,在运动后随时间的延长而逐渐显著增强,出现超量恢复。结果提示：可能正是由于离心运动后骨骼肌材料力学性质的变化,离心运动有效地阻止或减轻了延迟性肌肉酸痛的发生。     

不同负荷长期跑台运动对大鼠腓肠肌calpains和calpastatin mRNA及活性表达的影响

目的:研究不同负荷长期跑台运动对大鼠腓肠肌中calpains及calpastatin表达的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为对照组(不运动)和运动组,运动组又分为大负荷和小负荷组,这两组均进行3周、5周、7周和9周的不同负荷长期跑台运动。取大鼠右后肢腓肠肌,测定calpains及calpastatin mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:两种负荷运动后肌纤维均出现损伤和炎症反应,损伤程度两种负荷组类似,大负荷组炎症反应稍轻。m-calpain活性在大负荷和小负荷运动3周和5周后比对照组显著升高;-μcalpain活性在小负荷运动3周、5周和大负荷运动3周、5周和7周后比对照组显著下降。n-calpain活性运动后呈下降趋势,但与对照组相比,无显著性差异。μ-calpain和m-calpain的mRNA表达水平与对照组相比均无明显改变,n-calpain mRNA表达在小负荷运动3周和大负荷运动5后比对照组下降。结论:m-calpain与-μcalpain、n-calpain在运动后呈现不同的变化趋势,调节机制不尽相同,升高的m-calpain活性在运动性肌肉损伤过程中可能起到重要作用,长时间重复性运动可使m-calpain对运动产生适应。-μcalpain在长期跑台运动后并未表现出明显差异,n-calpain活性的下降及calpastatin活性的升高可能与肌肉损伤有关。     

细胞内钙稳态失控在缺氧及烧伤血清损伤心肌细胞中的意义

为了解细胞内钙稳态在缺氧及烧伤血清损伤心肌细胞中的作用，采用体外实验观察缺氧及烧伤血清致伤后心肌细胞活力、胞浆游离钙浓度和钙内流的变化。结果表明，主烧伤血清损伤后，心肌细胞活力明显降低，跨膜钙内流明显增加，同时伴胞浆游离钙浓度明显增加。说明烧伤后心肌细胞胞浆钙离子异常转移引胞浆游离钙浓度增加，钙稳态失控，细胞功能障碍，这可能是烧伤后心肌损害的重要途径。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。