共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Albina R. Torres Roseli G. Shavitt Ricardo C. Torresan Ygor A. Ferrão Euripedes C. Miguel Leonardo F. Fontenelle 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2013
Objective
Psychiatric comorbidity is the rule in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, very few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with no co-occurring disorders (non-comorbid or “pure” OCD). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pure cases in a large multicenter sample of OCD patients and compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with and without any lifetime axis I comorbidity.Method
A cross-sectional study with 955 adult patients of the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (C-TOC). Assessment instruments included the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, The USP-Sensory Phenomena Scale and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression.Results
Only 74 patients (7.7%) presented pure OCD. Compared with those presenting at least one lifetime comorbidity (881, 92.3%), non-comorbid patients were more likely to be female and to be working, reported less traumatic experiences and presented lower scores in the Y-BOCS obsession subscale and in total DY-BOCS scores. All symptom dimensions except contamination-cleaning and hoarding were less severe in non-comorbid patients. They also presented less severe depression and anxiety, lower suicidality and less previous treatments. In the logistic regression, the following variables predicted pure OCD: sex, severity of depressive and anxious symptoms, previous suicidal thoughts and psychotherapy.Conclusions
Pure OCD patients were the minority in this large sample and were characterized by female sex, less severe depressive and anxious symptoms, less suicidal thoughts and less use of psychotherapy as a treatment modality. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献2.
Background and objectives
Compulsive buying has been associated with addiction, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as hoarding. The present study investigated the relationship that compulsive buying (CB) has with ‘addictive’ (i.e., sensitivity to reward), obsessive-compulsive, and depressive phenomena, after controlling for hoarding, substance dependence, manic, and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms.Methods
87 participants from a community population completed the online questionnaires for the study, however 70 participants (M = 29.19, SD = 10.45; 70% were female) were used in the analyses because of exclusion criteria.Results
As expected, CB measures correlated with hoarding, depression, sensitivity to reward, and, but less so, obsessive-compulsive measures. Sensitivity to reward was the most important predictor of CB severity, compared to obsessive-compulsive and depression symptoms. Hoarding was also an important predictor of CB severity.Limitations
Small sample size meant gender comparisons could not be made, and the use of a novel, communicated questionnaire meant that interpretation should be considered conservatively.Conclusions
Overall, findings suggest that CB may be most closely related to the phenomena associated with addiction (an increased sensitivity to reward), rather than obsessive-compulsive or depression symptoms. Hoarding and reward sensitivity perhaps might separate compulsive buying from ordinary and recreational shopping. 相似文献3.
Alexis E. Whitton Julie D. Henry Jessica R. Grisham 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2014
Background and objectives
Abnormalities in cognitive control and disgust responding are well-documented in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and also interfere with flexible, outcome-driven utilitarian moral reasoning. The current study examined whether individuals with OCD differ from healthy and anxious individuals in their use of utilitarian moral reasoning, and whether abnormalities in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and disgust contribute to moral rigidity.Methods
Individuals with OCD (n = 23), non-OCD anxiety (n = 21) and healthy participants (n = 24) gave forced-choice responses to three types of moral dilemmas: benign, impersonal, personal. Scores on measures of cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and trait disgust were also examined.Results
Individuals with OCD gave fewer utilitarian responses to impersonal moral dilemmas compared to healthy, but not anxious, individuals. Poorer cognitive flexibility was associated with fewer utilitarian responses to impersonal dilemmas in the OCD group. Furthermore, greater trait disgust was associated with increased utilitarian responding to personal dilemmas in the OCD group, but decreased utilitarian responding to impersonal dilemmas in the anxious group.Limitations
Although we did not find an association between inhibitory control and moral reasoning, smaller associations may be evident in a larger sample.Conclusion
These data indicate that individuals with OCD use more rigid moral reasoning in response to impersonal moral dilemmas compared to healthy individuals, and that this may be associated with reduced cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, these data suggest that trait disgust may exert opposing effects on moral reasoning in individuals with OCD compared to those with other forms of anxiety. 相似文献4.
Hezel DM Riemann BC McNally RJ 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(4):981-987
Background and objectives
Physical pain can reduce emotional distress, perhaps especially the psychic pain of guilt. This implies that people who continually experience guilt may exhibit greater tolerance for pain relative to people who do not.Methods
To test this hypothesis, we administered a pressure algometer procedure to assess pain tolerance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) plagued by moral obsessions (e.g., concerns about harming others, violating religious values), in patients with OCD with non-moral obsessions (e.g., regarding contamination and symmetry), and in healthy comparison subjects.Results
The results indicated that the OCD groups did not differ in levels of guilt, emotional distress tolerance, or in pain endurance. However, when we collapsed across subtypes, OCD subjects endured pain significantly longer than did healthy subjects.Limitations
Limitations included small sample size and use of a sample with complex OCD symptoms that were, in some instances, difficult to categorize.Conclusions
The results suggest that individuals with severe OCD might be willing to endure physical pain as a distraction from emotional distress, an expression of negative self-worth, or as a means to gain control over some aspect of suffering. 相似文献5.
Kikul J Van Allen TS Exner C 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(3):863-870
Background and Objectives
Previous studies have demonstrated that some individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are impaired in verbal memory performance. This study was designed to investigate the role of cognitive self-consciousness (CSC) as a putative underlying mechanism of these cognitive deficits.Methods
Verbal memory performance of 36 participants with OCD, 36 individuals with major depression disorder (MDD) and 36 healthy controls was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test under three different experimental conditions: (1) single-task condition, (2) while simultaneously focusing on their thoughts (CSC condition), (3) while simultaneously focusing on external stimuli (dual-task condition).Results
Memory performance in the CSC condition and in the dual-task condition was reduced compared to single-task condition but no interaction effect was found.Limitations
It remains unclear whether CSC and other concepts with an inward self-referential focus of attention (e.g. rumination) differ in the way they influence cognitive performance.Conclusions
These results confirm the deteriorating influence of heightened CSC on verbal memory encoding but suggest that the effect is not specific to OCD. 相似文献6.
Nicholson E Barnes-Holmes D 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(3):922-930
Background and objectives
There is increasing evidence that disgust responding occurs at both a primary and secondary level in the form of disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity. The unique contributions of anxiety and disgust need to be established if disgust is to be implicated in the etiology of anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The primary objective of the current study was to develop two separate implicit measures of disgust propensity and sensitivity and to explicate the role of implicit disgust propensity and sensitivity in avoidance behavior and OC tendencies.Methods
The current study (N = 33 undergraduate students) utilized a measure of implicit cognition, the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), to independently analyze disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity. In addition, a series of behavioral approach tasks (BAT) and questionnaires measuring general disgust, obsessive-compulsive (OC) tendencies and general psychopathology were implemented to validate the implicit measures.Results
Disgust sensitivity predicted avoidance behavior on the BATs independent of disgust propensity and anxiety, while disgust propensity did not. Both disgust propensity and sensitivity predicted self-reported OC tendencies and individually predicted obsessing and washing concerns, respectively.Limitations
Our findings are based on a non-clinical student sample and further research is required for generalization to OCD.Conclusions
The implicit measures appeared to be measuring two separate constructs and had differential relationships with behavior and OC tendencies. Overall, the results support current theories relating to pathological disgust and OCD. 相似文献7.
Jakubovski E Pittenger C Torres AR Fontenelle LF do Rosario MC Ferrão YA de Mathis MA Miguel EC Bloch MH 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(7):1677-1681
Background
Cross-sectional studies have associated poor insight in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with increased OCD symptom severity, earlier age of onset, comorbid depression, and treatment response. The goal of this current study was to examine the relationship between dimensions of OCD symptomatology and insight in a large clinical cohort of Brazilian patients with OCD. We hypothesized that poor insight would be associated with total symptom severity as well as with hoarding symptoms severity, specifically.Methods
824 outpatients underwent a detailed clinical assessment for OCD, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), a socio-demographic questionnaire, and the Structured Clinical Interview for axis I DSM-IV disorders (SCID-P). Tobit regression models were used to examine the association between level of insight and clinical variables of interest.Results
Increased severity of current and worst-ever hoarding symptoms and higher rate of unemployment were associated with poor insight in OCD after controlling for current OCD severity, age and gender. Poor insight was also correlated with increased severity of current OCD symptoms.Conclusion
Hoarding and overall OCD severity were significantly but weakly associated with level of insight in OCD patients. Further studies should examine insight as a moderator and mediator of treatment response in OCD in both behavioral therapy and pharmacological trials. Behavioral techniques aimed at enhancing insight may be potentially beneficial in OCD, especially among patients with hoarding. 相似文献8.
Hironori Mito Naomi Matsuura Keiitiro Mukai Yoshinobu Yanagisawa Akihiro Nakajima Mikuni Motoyama Ayako Arikawa Kyosuke Yamanishi Hisato Matsunaga 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
While a close relation between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been pointed out, there are few studies that have investigated whether highly elevated ASD traits may have significant impacts on clinical and psychosocial features as well as long-term treatment outcome in adult OCD patients.Methods
We assessed ASD traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in 81 Japanese patients with OCD. The relation between degree of ASD traits and clinical and psychosocial variables and the 48-week treatment outcomes was analyzed in the subjects.Results
A substantial proportion of the subjects showed higher ASD traits (35%) with more severe depressive or pervasive anxiety status, and social impairments and lower QOL compared to other OCD individuals. However, elevated ASD traits may exert rather smaller impact on the OCD phenomenology along with on the long-term treatment outcome than expected.Conclusions
Elevated ASD traits may further emphasize the general psychopathological and socio-dysfunctional features rather than clinical aspects associated with OCD. Co-existing depressive or anxious symptom severity may further exacerbate the core-deficits related to ASD pathology. Thus the assessment of ASD traits should be important for understanding the clinical and psychosocial features and treatment responses in OCD patients. 相似文献9.
Francisco J. Acosta Dulcinea Vega Luz Torralba Santiago Navarro Yolanda Ramallo-Fariña Dolores Fiuza José L. Hernández Samuel G. Siris 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2012
Objective
Attempted suicide and death due to suicide are not uncommon among patients with bipolar disorder. Although some risk factors for suicidality in bipolar patients have been identified, little is known about hopelessness and other possible trait or diathesis-related factors. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate variables associated with suicidal risk in clinically nonsyndromal bipolar patients.Methods
A sample of 102 outpatients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision criteria during nonsyndromal stage were evaluated. On the basis of suicidal history, patients were divided into suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and nonsuicidal groups. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychopathological variables were assessed.Results
As compared with the nonsuicidal group, female sex, combined psychopharmacologic treatment, and hopelessness were independently associated with suicide attempt. Hopelessness and insight into having a mental disorder were independently associated with history of suicidal ideation.Conclusions
Patients with bipolar disorder and suicidal history are characterized by the presence of hopelessness, which probably confers greater vulnerability for suicidal behavior in the presence of stress factors. This identification of the risk profile for suicidal behavior in nonsyndromal bipolar patients adds complementary information to risk factors established for suicidality during acute phases of the disease, allows for differentiated preventive and treatment approaches of patients at risk, and suggests psychotherapy as an advisable intervention in this group of patients. 相似文献10.
Álvaro Frías Cárol Palma Núria Farriols Ana Salvador Judit Bonet Inma Bernáldez 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
Epidemiological studies have found that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is estimated to occur in up to 12% of patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, several etiopathogenic mechanisms have been postulated for understanding this co-occurrence. Whether this subgroup of “schizo-obsessive” patients may be posed as a clinical entity with a distinct psychopathological and functioning profile remains unclear.Method
A sample of adult patients who met DSM-IV criteria for both schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and OCD (n = 30) was compared with a “non-OCD schizophrenic” group (n = 37) and another subset of “non-schizophrenic OCD” patients (n = 30). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), the Clinical Global Severity scale (CGI), the Quality of Life Scale (QLS), and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) were used.Results
We found that “schizo-obsessive” subjects did not show significant differences in any outcome measures when compared to the “non-OCD schizophrenic” group. Furthermore, statistical analyses also revealed that the “non-schizophrenic OCD” group tended to have lower severity of psychopathology as well as greater quality of life than both psychotic groups.Conclusions
These findings indicate that comorbidity between schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and OCD does not comprise a distinct clinical entity, particularly when compared to “non-OCD schizophrenia” disorder. Discrepancies among previous studies may be justified by methodological divergences. 相似文献11.
Kim JH Ryu S Nam HJ Lim M Baek JH Joo YH Kwon JS Ha TH Hong KS 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2012,39(1):75-79
Objective
The use of clozapine or other second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) has been reported to produce obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms as adverse mental affects. However, it is not yet clear if SGA-induced OC symptoms have the same phenomenological characteristics as those displayed in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study investigated the nature of symptoms and dimensions of SGA-induced OC symptoms in schizophrenia patients, which were then compared with those reported in pure OCD.Methods
The study subjects were fifty-one schizophrenia patients with SGA-induced OC symptoms. Symptom evaluation was performed using the Korean version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Exploratory factor analysis of symptom categories of Y-BOCS symptom checklist (Y-BOCS-SC) was conducted.Results
Frequencies of individual symptom categories were comparable to those reported in Korean OCD patients. Five factors (forbidden thoughts, hoarding, cleaning, symmetry, and counting) were generated from 13 main symptom categories, which accounted for 70.7% of the total variance. This factor structure is also remarkably similar to those reported in pure OCD patients. The factor score of ‘cleaning’ was significantly correlated with the overall severity of OC symptoms (P < 0.01).Conclusion
A high level of similarity between the nature of symptoms and dimensions identified in patients with SGA-induced OC symptoms and those revealed in OCD patients suggests a common biological mechanism underlying these two clinical conditions. 相似文献12.
Lochner C Serebro P van der Merwe L Hemmings S Kinnear C Seedat S Stein DJ 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2011,35(4):1087-1092
Introduction
Comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is well-described in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It remains unclear, however, whether OCPD in OCD represents a distinct subtype of OCD or whether it is simply a marker of severity in OCD.Materials and methods
The aim of this study was to compare a large sample of OCD subjects (n = 403) with and without OCPD on a range of demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics to evaluate whether comorbid OCPD in OCD represents a distinct subtype of OCD, or is a marker of severity.Results
Our findings suggest that OCD with and without OCPD are similar in terms of gender distribution and age at onset of OC symptoms. Compared to OCD − OCPD (n = 267, 66%), those with OCD + OCPD (n = 136, 34%) are more likely to present with the OC symptom dimensions which reflect the diagnostic criteria for OCPD (e.g. hoarding), and have significantly greater OCD severity, comorbidity, functional impairment, and poorer insight. Furthermore there are no differences in distribution of gene variants, or response to treatment in the two groups.Conclusion
The majority of our findings suggest that in OCD, patients with OCPD do not have a highly distinctive phenomenological or genetic profile, but rather that OCPD represents a marker of severity. 相似文献13.
Mehmet Murat Demet Artuner Deveci P?nar Erbay Dündar Selin M?zrak Demet Serap Öztürkcan 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2010,51(5):480
Background
Despite the multiple alternatives of treatment, it is well known that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) delay seeking treatment. In this study, the aim was to determine the risk factors for delaying treatment seeking in OCD patients.Methods
The sample consisted of 132 OCD who completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist, and Beck Depression Inventory.Results
In univariate analyses with risk evaluation, income level, being single or divorced, having a history of psychiatric treatment, poor insight for the symptoms, and obsessions of hoarding were the variables that were found to be significant. In the regression model, history of psychiatric treatment and duration of OCD were the 2 variables that remained statistically significant.Conclusion
This was the first study wherein the sample included patients who were recruited from a nonpsychiatric department: the dermatology clinic. Application to dermatology has not been determined as a risk factor for delaying treatment seeking in OCD patients. 相似文献14.
Wheaton MG Mahaffey B Timpano KR Berman NC Abramowitz JS 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2012,43(3):891-896
Background and objectives
Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the tendency to fear arousal-related body sensations based on beliefs that they are dangerous, is a cognitive vulnerability factor for certain anxiety symptoms such as panic and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Very little research, however, has examined the relationship between AS and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, which was the objective of the current research.Methods
We administered dimensional measures of AS and OC symptoms to a large sample of undergraduate students (N = 636). We also included measures of general distress and cognitive distortions related to OCD (i.e., obsessive beliefs) as control variables.Results
Regression analyses indicated that AS was predictive of OC symptoms even after controlling for general distress and obsessive beliefs. In addition, the three domains of AS (physical, social, and cognitive concerns) were differentially associated with the four dimensions of OC symptoms (contamination, responsibility for harm, symmetry, and unacceptable thoughts).Limitations
Our findings are based on a non-clinical student sample and their generalization to OCD requires replication with a sample of OCD patients.Conclusions
These results provide preliminary evidence that AS plays a role in OC symptoms. Implications for clinical practice and for future research are discussed. 相似文献15.
Wolfgang Huff Doris Lenartz Michael Schormann Sun-Hee Lee Jens Kuhn Anastosious Koulousakis Juergen Mai Joerg Daumann Mohammad Maarouf Joachim Klosterkötter Volker Sturm 《Clinical neurology and neurosurgery》2010
Objective
To investigate the effects of unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the right nucleus accumbens in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Predominantly bilateral stimulation of the anterior limb of the internal capsule was utilized.Methods
The study was designed as a double-blind sham-controlled crossover study. Patients received 3 months of deep brain stimulation followed by 3 months of sham stimulation, or vice versa. Subsequently, stimulation was continued unblinded for all patients. The primary outcome measure was the severity level of OCD, measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Secondary outcome measures were depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological symptom severity, global functioning, quality of life, and cognitive function.Results
The mean Y-BOCS scores decreased significantly from 32.2 (±4.0) at baseline to 25.4 (±6.7) after 12 months (p = 0.012). Five out of ten patients showed a decrease of more than 25%, indicating at least a partial response. One patient showed a decrease in Y-BOCS severity greater than 35%. Similarly, depression, global functioning and quality of life improved within one year. In contrast, anxiety, global symptom severity and cognitive function showed no significant changes. In general, DBS was well-tolerated.Conclusions
DBS of the unilateral right nucleus accumbens showed encouraging results in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Five out of ten patients reached at least a partial response after the first year. 相似文献16.
Pedro V.S. Magalhães 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2010,51(4):353
Background
Anxiety morbidity in general is frequent and harmful in bipolar disorder. Little is known, however, whether obsessive-compulsive comorbidity entails particular effects. This report aims to evaluate the prevalence and impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbidity in a relatively large clinical sample of bipolar disorder, with other lifetime anxiety comorbidities used as a more rigorous control group.Methods
A cross-sectional study in a consecutive clinical sample, with anxiety comorbidity derived from the intake Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, was conducted. Anxiety was assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used to assess (hypo)manic and depressive symptoms. The domains of the WHOQOL BREF were used to evaluate quality of life.Results
Lifetime prevalence of OCD comorbidity was 12.4%. No cases of OCD were detected during mania. Compared with subjects with no anxiety comorbidity, those with lifetime OCD were more likely to have a history of suicide attempts, rapid cycling, and alcohol dependence. Patients with OCD had a lower score on all domains of the WHOQOL. Compared with those with other lifetime anxiety disorders, those with OCD had more anxiety, which mediated a lower WHOQOL social domain.Conclusions
Bipolar disorder patients with obsessive-compulsive comorbidity have a number of indicators of an overall more severe illness. The presence of more anxiety symptoms and a lower social quality of life may be more specific features of the bipolar-OCD comorbidity. 相似文献17.
Arnabh Basu Nidhi Goel Sowmya Puvvada Theresa Jacob 《The American journal of geriatric psychiatry》2019,27(5):564-568
Objective
Hoarding behavior is not limited to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) alone. With the objective of highlighting the association between hoarding behavior and common psychiatric disorders, we explored its occurrence in psychiatric inpatients and co-occurrence with Axis I diagnoses.Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled adult psychiatric inpatients by simple random sampling at an urban, community-based, academic medical center. Patients were screened for hoarding using the validated Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview, and those meeting criteria for clinically significant hoarding were assessed for Axis I disorders.Results
Clinically significant hoarding was observed in 33% of the 200 acute psychiatry patients admitted to the study. Mood disorders were positively associated with hoarding (p?=?0.033), whereas psychotic spectrum disorders had a weaker association with it (p?=?0.015).Conclusion
This study indicates a need for clinicians to be mindful that hoarding manifests in many forms of mental illness and is not limited to OCD alone. 相似文献18.
Scott J. Crow Sonja A. Swanson Daniel le Grange Emily H. Feig Kathleen R. Merikangas 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2014
Background
Recent evidence suggests increased risk for mortality in bulimia nervosa (BN). However, little is yet known about suicidal behavior in BN.Aims
To examine frequency and correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents and adults with BN in two population-based samples.Method
A total of 10,123 adolescents and 2980 adults in two nationally representative surveys of mental disorder were queried regarding eating disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation and attempts.Results
Less than 1 percent (0.9%) of adolescents and 1.0% of adults met the criteria for BN. Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents with BN (53.0%) compared with those with binge eating disorder (BED) (34.4%), other psychopathology (21.3%) or no psychopathology (3.8%). Similar trends emerged for the association between BN and self-reported suicidal plans or attempts. Among adults, suicidality was more common in BN than in the no psychopathology group, but not significantly different from the anorexia nervosa (AN), BED, or other psychopathology subgroups.Conclusion
There is a high risk of suicidal ideation and behavior among those with BN. These results underscore the importance of addressing suicide risk in adolescents and adults with eating disorder symptoms. 相似文献19.
Biju Viswanath Y.C. Janardhan ReddyKeshav J. Kumar Thennarasu KandavelC.R. Chandrashekar 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009
Background
Impairments in executive functions and non-verbal memory are considered potential endophenotype markers of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). For the neuropsychological deficits to be considered endophenotypes, they should be demonstrable in unaffected family members.Aim
To compare the neuropsychological performance in unaffected siblings of probands with familial OCD with that of individually matched healthy controls.Methods
Twenty-five unaffected siblings of OCD probands with familial OCD, and 25 individually matched healthy controls were assessed with tests of attention, executive function, memory and intelligence.Results
Unaffected siblings showed significant deficits in tests of decision making and behavioural reversal i.e., the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Delayed Alternation Test (DAT) respectively, but performed adequately in other tests.Conclusions
Our study suggests that the deficits in decision making and behavioural reversal could be potential endophenotypes in OCD. These deficits are consistent with the proposed neurobiological model of OCD involving the orbitofrontal cortex. Future studies could couple cognitive and imaging strategies to identify neurocognitive endophenotypes in homogenous samples of OCD. 相似文献20.
Friederike Rampacher Leonhard Lennertz Andrea Vogeley Svenja Schulze-Rauschenbach Norbert Kathmann Peter Falkai Michael Wagner 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2010