双侧电刺激并静注碱性成纤维生长因子对生长相关蛋白-43的影响

目的：内源性碱性成纤维生长因子(basic blast growth，factor，bFGF)可促进出芽轴突标记物生长相关蛋白-43(growth associated protein-43，GAP-43)的表达从而促进神经再生，观察双侧电刺激和bFGF在促进神经再生方面是否有协同作用。方法：成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠96只，随机分为对照组、双侧电刺激组和双侧电刺激+bFGF组。采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血动物模型，应用免疫组织化学方法观察电刺激对脑梗死后GAP-43表达的影响。结果：在各梗死周围区生长相关蛋白-43的阳性反应产物增加，对照组、双侧刺激组、双侧刺激组+bFGF组，3d时反应增高吸光度值分别为43．32&;#177;7．31，52．80&;#177;9．69，65．03&;#177;6．47，7d时达高峰，为58．94&;#177;6．81，76．36&;#177;8．99，78．10&;#177;6．43，14d时降低为43．17&;#177;8．39，61．17&;#177;5．89，63．41&;#177;6．18，28d仍有阳性产物表达，为40．35&;#177;8．52，59，79&;#177;9．58，60．21&;#177;8．34。双侧刺激组在7，14，28d时均明显高于对照组(P&;lt;0，05)，双侧电刺激联合静脉bFGF组在3，7，14d和28d与对照组比较差异均有显著性意义(P&;lt;0．05)。结论：双侧电刺激明显增强GAP-43表达，联合bFGF应用后效果早出现。     

电刺激对脑梗死大鼠脑内生长相关蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究不同方式的电刺激对大鼠脑梗死后轴突出芽标记物-生长相关蛋白-43(growthassociatedprotein-43,GAP-43)表达的影响,为电刺激治疗的临床应用提供理论基础。方法:成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠96只,随机分为对照组、患侧刺激组和双侧刺激组。采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血动物模型,应用免疫组织化学方法观察电刺激对脑梗死后GAP-43表达的影响。结果:在各梗死周围区生长相关蛋白-43的阳性反应产物增加,3d时反应增高,对照组、患侧刺激组双侧刺激组A值分别为43.32±7.31,47.08±8.11,52.80±9.96,7d时达高峰分别为58.94±6.81,67.61±8.57,76.36±8.99,14d时降低为43.17±8.38,58.04±6.15,61.16±5.89,28d仍有阳性产物表达为40.35±8.52,44.23±7.72,59.79±9.58。患侧刺激组在14d时明显高于对照组(P<0.05),双侧刺激组在7,14,28d时均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而且在28d时,双侧刺激组明显高于患侧电刺激组(P<0.05)。结论:电刺激明显增强GAP-43的表达,双侧电刺激效果更显著。     

电刺激对脑梗死大鼠脑内生长相关蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究不同方式的电刺激对大鼠脑梗死后轴突出芽标记物-生长相关蛋白-43(growth associated protein-43，GAP-43)表达的影响。为电刺激治疗的临床应用提供理论基础。方法：成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠96只，随机分为对照组、患侧刺激组和双侧刺激组。采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血动物模型，应用免疫组织化学方法观察电刺激对脑梗死后GAP-43表达的影响。结果：在各梗死周围区生长相关蛋白-43的阳性反应产物增加，3d时反应增高，对照组、患侧刺激组双侧刺激组A值分别为43．32&;#177;7．31，47．08&;#177;8．11，52．80&;#177;9．96，7d时达高峰分别为58．94&;#177;6．81．67．61&;#177;8．57，76．36&;#177;8．99，14d时降低为43．17&;#177;8．38，58．04&;#177;6．15，61．16&;#177;5．89，28d仍有阳性产物表达为40．35&;#177;8．52，44．23&;#177;7．72，59．79&;#177;9．58。患侧刺激组在14d时明显高于对照组(P&;lt;0．05)，双侧刺激组在7，14，28d时均明显高于对照组(P&;lt;0．05)，而且在28d时，双侧刺激组明显高于患侧电刺激组(P&;lt;0．05)。结论：电刺激明显增强GAP-43的表达，双侧电刺激效果更显著。     

电刺激对脑梗死大鼠突触素表达的影响

目的:研究不同方式电刺激对大鼠脑梗死后突触素表达的影响,探讨电刺激促进神经康复的物质基础。方法:成年健康Wisdar大鼠108只,随机分为对照组、患侧电刺激组和双侧电刺激组各36只。采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血动物模型,应用免疫组化方法观察电刺激对脑梗死后突触素表达的影响。结果:梗死周围区突触素的阳性反应产物对照组、患侧电刺激、双侧电刺激组14d时分别表达为21.05±2.46,30.34±3.18,32.48±3.81,28d时为:27.11±3.17,45.15±3.35,48.91±3.96,较7d时明显增加。电刺激组在14,28d时明显高于对照组(P<0.01),双侧电刺激组在28d时明显高于患侧电刺激组(P<0.05)。结论:电刺激明显增加突触素的表达,双侧电刺激效果更明显。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进大鼠脑缺血再灌注后肢体功能恢复的神经可塑性研究

目的:研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basicfibooblastgrowthfactor,bFGF)能否促进大鼠局部脑缺血再灌注后的功能恢复并从神经可塑性角度探讨其机制。方法:线栓法制作Wistar大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注(MCAO)模型,随机分为bFGF组、对照组、假手术组及正常组,采用行为测试试验评分观察肢体功能恢复情况,免疫组化法观察脑缺血周边区微管相关蛋白-2(microtubulinassociatedpretein2,MAP-2)和生长相关蛋白-43(growthassociatedprotein43,GAP-43)的免疫活性强度。结果:bFGF组前肢放置试验和平衡试验评分优于对照组,前肢放置试验在第9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27天差异具有统计意义(P<0.01～0.05),平衡试验在第13,15,19,23,25,27天差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。bFGF组皮质缺血周边区MAP-2和GAP-43表达水平高于对照组,前者在第21,28天(0.388±0.057,0.379±0.049比0.275±0.058,0.260±0.066),差异有统计学意义(t=2.77,2.89,P<0.05),后者在第15,21,28天差异有统计学意义(P<0.01～0.05)。结论:外源性给予bFGF能促进大鼠MCAO后的肢体功能恢复,其机制可能与缺血周边区GAP-43和MAP-2的表达上调有关。     

电刺激对脑梗死大鼠脑内碱性成纤维生长因子表达的影响

目的:研究不同方式的电刺激对大鼠脑梗死后碱性成纤维生长因子(basicfibroblastgrowthfactor,bFGF)表达的影响。方法:成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠96只,随机分为对照组、患侧刺激组和双侧刺激组。采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉缺血动物模型,应用免疫组织化学方法观察电刺激对大鼠脑梗死后bFGF表达的影响。结果:在各梗死周围区bFGF的阳性反应产物增加,3d时反应最高,对照组、患侧刺激组、双侧刺激组A值分别为89.47±11.19,92.19±10.50,97.44±12.40,7d时下降,分别为81.17±11.78,87.05±6.78,96.62±9.33,14d时为76.75±9.25,90.19±9.52,91.58±5.59,28d时为74.22±8.29,78.15±9.54,79.82±7.41,仍有阳性产物表达。患侧刺激组在14d时明显高于对照组(F=5.048,P<0.05),双侧刺激组在7,14d时均明显高于对照组(F=4.389,5.048,P<0.05)。结论:电刺激明显增强bFGF的表达,双侧电刺激效果更早出现。     

电针刺激对脊髓损伤大鼠植入脐血干细胞后生长相关蛋白、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子表达的影响

目的 探讨不同电针刺激方案对大鼠脊髓损伤植入脐血干细胞后生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)表达的影响.方法 将192只清清级SD大鼠用NYU打击器制成T10-11段脊髓损伤模型,造模成功后随机分为:A组为运动区头皮表面投影区电刺激组(A1组电刺激+脐血干细胞移植,A2组只进行电刺激);B组为损伤局部电刺激组(B1组电刺激+脐血干细胞移植,B2组只进行电刺激);C组为运动区头皮表面投影区电刺激+局部电刺激组(C1组电刺激+脐血干细胞移植,C2组只进行电刺激);D组为损伤模型组(D1组移植脐血于细胞不进行电刺激,D2组不移植不进行电刺激).各组分别于1周、2周、3周、4周、8周、12周取材,采用免疫组织化学荧光染色检测生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)的阳性表达.结果 在各时间点上,电刺激均能提高生长活性物质GAP-43、bFGF、IGF水平;头针加体针的影响大于单纯头针或体针;干细胞移植后水平更高.结论 电刺激与干细胞移植对脊髓损伤后微环境均有有利影响,并有协同作用;头针加体针优于单纯头针或体针.     

电针对坐骨神经损伤大鼠脊髓生长相关蛋白-43mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨电针对坐骨神经损伤大鼠的脊髓中神经生长相关蛋白-4(GAP-43)mRNA表达的影响。方法:60只Wistar大鼠制成坐骨神经损伤模型,经电针穴位刺激治疗后用原位杂交技术观察坐骨神经相应脊髓节段GAP-43mRNA的表达。结果:电针组第1天阳性细胞数增多(23.5±4.1)个/mm2,3d达高峰(46.8±6.8)个/mm2,14d后明显减少(9.7±3.6)个/mm2,28d后基本未见阳性细胞存在(1.0±1.2)个/mm2;模型组第1天(16.3±2.9)个/mm2至第7天(20.1±2.5)个/mm2持续阳性细胞数增多,1d略减少(19.1±3.2)个/mm2,28d后仍可见阳性细胞存在(8.5±2.0)个/mm2。与电针组比较差异有显著性意义(t=2.36～4.25,P0.05)。结论:穴位电针能增强并缩短GAP-43mRNA表达时间,有利于突触重建。     

氨甲酰促红细胞生成素促进脑缺血后神经再生的实验研究

目的观察氨甲酰促红细胞生成素（CEPO）对实验大鼠脑缺血后LINGO-1、生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达及脑梗死体积的影响,探讨CEPO对脑缺血后神经再生的促进作用。 方法将48只SD大鼠分为假手术组、缺血对照组及氨甲酰促红细胞生成素治疗组（简称CEPO治疗组）,采用线栓法将缺血对照组、CEPO治疗组大鼠制成大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型。各组大鼠于脑缺血90min后拔出线栓,CEPO治疗组同时注射0.5ml CEPO,缺血对照组及假手术组均注射0.5ml生理盐水。于缺血再灌注第7天时处死各组大鼠,采用免疫印迹技术检测LINGO-1和活化型caspase-3表达;采用免疫组化染色技术检测GAP-43表达;采用甲酚紫染色法检测各组大鼠脑梗死体积及脑水肿情况。 结果假手术组、缺血对照组及CEPO治疗组LINGO-1表达值分别为（0.25±0.02）、（1.22±0.06）和（0.66±0.05）,各组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。假手术组大鼠脑皮质未见活化型caspase-3表达,缺血对照组缺血脑皮质活化型caspase-3表达值上升至（86.6±10.2）%,CEPO治疗组则下降至（40.3±8.7）%,各组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。假手术组、缺血对照组及CEPO治疗组GAP-43阳性表达值分别为0、（55.02±1.62）个/HP和（72.11±3.23）个/HP,各组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。另外CEPO治疗组脑梗死体积及脑水肿程度均显著小于缺血对照组（P<0.05）。 结论脑缺血后给予CEPO干预能抑制实验大鼠脑梗死部位LINGO-1及活化型caspase-3表达、促进GAP-43蛋白表达、减小脑梗死体积及脑水肿程度,从而发挥促神经再生作用。     

自体脾组织移植后神经再生与神经生长因子及其受体TrkA的关系

目的:观察自体脾组织移植术后不同时相再生脾组织中生长相关蛋白(growthassociatedprotein43,GAP-43)、神经生长因子(nervegrowthfac-tor,NGF)、TrkAmRNA的表达,初步探讨自体脾组织移植中GAP-43神经再生与NGF,TrkA的关系。方法:健康Wistar大鼠144只,雌雄不限,体质量100～120g,随机分为手术组(GAP-43组、NGF组、TrkA组各36只)和对照组(36只),术后15,30,60,90,120,180d取两组脾组织,行原位杂交、RT-PCR及图像分析法测定GAP-43,NGF和TrkAmRNA。结果:脾组织移植手术后30d,自体移植脾组织中出现GAP-43,NGF,TrkAmRNA;手术后90d达到高峰;手术后120～180d,移植脾组织中GAP-43,NGF,TrkAmRNA逐渐接近正常脾组织。术后30～90d,3组中GAP-43,NGF,TrkAmRNA的含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论:GAP-43mRNA在自体移植脾组织中有表达,其表达规律与移植脾组织中神经纤维的再生规律相一致。伴随着GAP-43mRNA的增加,NGF,TrkAmRNA也表现出相应的表达规律,提示NGF和TrkA与脾组织神经再生关系密切。     

表皮生长因子促进真皮成纤维细胞生长的机制

目的探讨表皮生长因子(EGF)对真皮成纤维细胞中cyclinD1和CDK-4表达的影响,从细胞周期的角度认识EGF促进真皮成纤维细胞生长的机制。方法研究对象为大鼠真皮成纤维细胞,用含100ml/L胎牛血清的DMEM,加入50mg/L的EGF培养SD大鼠的真皮成纤维细胞,通过MTT检测、流式细胞仪分析观察细胞的生长状态,免疫组化检测cyclinD1和CDK-4的表达结合流式细胞仪分析来观察细胞的周期变化。结果MTT检测(加药前0.37±0.011,加药后0.55±0.008)、流式细胞仪结果(加药前9.1,加药后14.7)都显示50mg/L的EGF能显著促进真皮成纤维细胞的生长增殖,免疫组化结果显示,两者一致,加药后阳性明显增强。结论50mg/L的EGF对真皮成纤维细胞的生长有极大地促进作用,促进了细胞周期蛋白cyclinD1和CDK-4的表达增强,细胞G1期变短,增殖能力增强。     

Encouraging the growth of the nurse entrepreneur

Nurse entrepreneurs create new possibilities by introducing innovative ideas to their organisation. Nurse entrepreneurs are risk-takers, who work with autonomy and self-motivation. Key skills for nurse entrepreneurs include being able to influence others and negotiating what they need to achieve their goal.     

Mathematical modeling of fetal splenic growth: use of the Rossavik growth model.

Growth of the fetal spleen has been monitored by measurements of the maximal length (SL), profile circumference (SC), and profile area (SA) of the spleen, from 20 weeks to 41 weeks, menstrual age. Growth curves for these parameters have been determined using a specially developed growth curve model [P = c(t)k + s (t)]. R2 values of 94.3%, 94.9%, and 96.3% were obtained for SL, SC, and SA, respectively. Variability analysis indicated some progressive increase in variability with menstrual age for these three parameters. Variability data were used with the growth curve models to determine standard curves for SL, SC, and SA. These standard curves provide a superior means for evaluating the normal splenic growth in the fetus and for identifying splenic abnormalities in utero.     

重组人生长激素治疗儿童生长激素缺乏症的临床价值

目的探讨应用重组人生长激素 (γ-h GH)治疗儿童生长激素缺乏症 (GHD)的临床疗效、安全性及其临床价值。方法分别选择GHD儿童 66例 ,正常对照组儿童 3 5例。 GHD组给予γ-h GH 0 .1U/(kg· d) ,疗程 3个月。观察用药后生长速率、血清胰岛素样生长因子 -1(IGF-1)、血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 3 (IGFBP-3 )等指标的变化。结果治疗后 3个月时 GHD组生长速率由 (2 .8± 0 .7)cm/a增至 (13 .6± 3 .5 ) cm/a(P<0 .0 1) ;该药对患儿无明显副作用。 GHD组血清 IGF-1、IGFBP-3及骨转换指标均明显低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗后血清生长因子及骨转换生化指标均有明显提高 ,与治疗前比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 1γ-h GH治疗GHD近期疗效显著 ,且安全可靠 ;2检测血清 IGF -1和 IGFBP-3将有助于儿童 GHD的正确诊断 ;3血清骨转换生化指标对早期预测r-h GH疗效具有明显优势     

神经生长因子可促进骨折愈合过程中血管内皮生长因子的表达

背景：骨折愈合过程十分复杂,需要多种细胞因子的参与.目前研究较多的细胞因子有骨形态发生蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子、转化生长因子β、血管内皮细胞生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子,但神经生长因子在骨折愈合过程中对血管内皮细胞生长因子的作用尚不明确.目的：观察神经生长因子对兔骨折愈合中血管内皮生长因子表达的影响.方法：实验建立标准兔桡骨骨折模型,分别用神经生长因子、神经生长因子单克隆抗体和生理盐水进行干预,即应用神经生长因子组、拮抗神经生长因子组和对照组.结果与结论：损伤后24,48 h和损伤后1,3,6,8周Western blot检测骨折端组织血管内皮生长因子蛋白的表达分析结果显示,3组各时间点血管内皮生长因子表达的关系为：应用神经生长因子组＞对照组＞拮抗神经生长因子组（P＜0.05）.结果证实,在骨折愈合过程当中,应用神经生长因子可以促进血管内皮生长因子表达.     

Effects of oral administration of ibutamoren mesylate, a nonpeptide growth hormone secretagogue, on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis in growth hormone-deficient children.

Ibutamoren mesylate (MK-0677), an orally active nonpeptide growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, stimulates GH release through a pituitary and hypothalamic receptor that is different from the GH-releasing hormone receptor. We evaluated the safety and tolerability and the GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) responses to two dosages of oral ibutamoren mesylate given to children with GH deficiency for 7 to 8 days. The patients, 18 prepubertal children (15 male, 3 female) with idiopathic GH deficiency, had a chronologic age of 10.6 +/- 0.8 years (mean +/- SD), bone age of 7.4 +/- 0.7 years, growth velocity < 10th percentile for age, height < 10th percentile for age, and a maximum GH response of < or = 10 microg/L to two different GH stimulation tests. The children were assigned as follows to one of three treatment groups with ibutamoren mesylate: 0.2 mg/kg per day for 7 days (days 1-7 or 8-14) and matching placebo for the alternate 7 days (groups I and II, respectively) or 0.8 mg/kg per day for 7 days (days 8-14, group III). On day 15 all patients received an 0.8-mg/kg dose of ibutamoren mesylate. Patients in groups I and II were studied first to assess safety at the low dose before advancement to the high dose. Hormonal profiles were evaluated on day -1 (baseline) and day 15, and the results were expressed as the change from baseline within each group. After administration of ibutamoren mesylate 0.8 mg/kg for 8 days (group III), the median increases (on day 15) from baseline were as follows: 3.8 microg/L (range, 0 to 34.3) for serum GH peak concentration (P = .001), 4.3 microg x h/L (range, 1.3 to 35.6) for the GH area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 8 hours (AUC(0-8)) (P < .001), 12 microg/L (range, -4 to 116) for serum IGF-I (P = .01), and 0.4 microg/L (range, -0.9 to 1.5) for serum IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) (P = .01). There was no change in serum prolactin, glucose, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin, peak serum cortisol, and insulin concentrations or 24-hour urinary free cortisol after administration of 0.8 mg/kg per day of ibutamoren mesylate for 8 days. We conclude that short-term administration of ibutamoren mesylate can increase GH, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 levels in some children with GH deficiency. Thus this compound is applicable for testing its effect on growth velocity.     

Flow modification enhancing the growth rate in top seeded solution growth of SiC crystals

In this study, multiphysics simulations were carried out to understand the convection mechanisms of the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) of SiC. Experimental melting tests and crystal growth were conducted to verify the simulation results in the growing temperatures between 1700 and 1900 °C with rf induction heating furnace. From the solidified melt of Si–Cr solution after the melting test, the melt flow in the simulation was successfully verified. In the given experimental conditions, the electromagnetic convection was found to govern the global fluid flow, while other mechanisms including the Marangoni convection, the buoyancy convection and the centrifugal forced convection influence the fluid flow near the crystal. Based on an understanding of the fluid flow obtained with the simulations, a structural flow modifier (FM) was applied to enhance the growth rate of the SiC crystal. The growth rates of SiC with/without FM were successfully estimated from simulations showing good agreements with the experimental values. After the experimental crystal growth using FM, a remarkable enhancement in the growth rate was found in an FM configuration, which suggests a way to improve the growth rate by the TSSG method based on the efficient use of the dissolved C in the melt.

Based on the verified multiphysics simulation, a model describing C transport contributing to crystal growth was suggested. Based on the further understanding of C transport, the growth rate was enhanced by adopting a flow modifier in the melt.     

运动筛查与生长激素激发试验在儿童矮小症中的应用

目的评价生长激素(GH)运动筛查试验和GH激发试验对矮小症儿童生长激素分泌的影响。方法选取360例身材矮小患儿,进行GH运动筛查试验及GH激发试验。GH激发试验包括左旋多巴激发试验、精氨酸激发试验及胰岛素激发试验,该研究中所有患儿在3种GH激发试验中任选2种,2种试验均采用全自动化学发光免疫分析法进行检测。结果矮小儿童行GH运动试验和GH激发试验的GH峰值强度分别为(11.38±6.08)μg/L和(12.98±5.89)μg/L,二者GH峰值比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.76,P>0.05)。360例患儿运动试验较GH激发试验存在2.7%假阳性率。2种试验方法之间阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.44,P>0.05)。结论 GH运动筛查试验具有操作简单、安全等优点,是身材矮小患儿的首选筛查试验。GH激发试验可获得较高的准确性,是必不可少的确证试验。