早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血的疗效

目的探讨早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗脑动脉瘤破裂出血的疗效。方法 82例脑动脉瘤患者蛛网膜下腔出血后,行早期显微手术夹闭瘤颈治疗,对患者预后及治疗效果进行分析。结果按Hunt-Hess分级,1例为Hunt-HessⅢ级,3例为Hunt-HessⅣ级,1例为Hunt-HessⅤ级。HuntⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级组患者早期手术治疗的效果明显优于Ⅳ组。结论对于脑动脉瘤破裂出血的患者,应采取早期显微手术夹闭治疗。     

Hunt-Hess高分级前循环动脉瘤早期显微手术疗效分析

目的探讨Hunt-Hess高分级(Ⅳ~Ⅴ级)破裂动脉瘤的早期显微手术策略及临床疗效。方法回顾分析我科2009-01—2016-02显微手术治疗的67例Hunt-HessⅣ~Ⅴ级前循环破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料,Ⅳ级52例,Ⅴ级14例,均在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血3~20h内手术治疗,术后随访3~24个月,按GOS预后分级评价疗效。结果按GOS预后分级,Hunt-HessⅣ级52例患者中,5级(恢复良好)31例,4级(生活自理)13例,3级(重度残疾)5例,2级(植物生存)2例,1级(死亡)1例,恢复满意(GOS评分5级,4级患者)44例,占84.6%。Hunt-HessⅤ级14例患者中,5级2例,4级5例,3级2例,2级3例,1级2例,恢复满意6例,占42.8%。结论 Hunt-HessⅣ~Ⅴ级破裂动脉瘤的患者病情危重,应积极早期手术干预治疗,夹闭动脉瘤并清除脑内血肿或蛛网膜下腔积血,能缓解严重脑血管痉挛及脑肿胀,明显改善患者预后。     

显微神经外科手术和血管内介入治疗Ⅳ、Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤对比研究

目的比较显微神经外科手术和血管内介入治疗Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅳ、Ⅴ级的破裂动脉瘤的疗效及优缺点。方法回顾性分析26例Ⅳ、Ⅴ级破裂动脉瘤的治疗，11例行开颅显微手术，15例行血管内介入治疗结果手术组11例中良好、轻残者5例，占45．5％；重残、植物生存者4例．占36.4％；死亡者2例、占18．2％，与手术有一定关系；介入组15例中良好、轻残肯8例，占53．3％：重残、植物生存者5例，占33．3％；死亡者2例，占13．3％，并非介入治疗并发症所致。结论Ⅳ、Ⅴ级破裂动脉瘤病人状态差，入院后应根据病情针对脑室出血、颅内血肿、脑疝等情况进行处理、并尽早行手术或介入治疗。介入治疗创伤小、适应证广、并发症少，应作为Ⅳ、Ⅴ级帧内破裂动脉瘤的首选治疗方法。     

持续腰池引流后Hunt-Hess的重新评估对动脉瘤破裂患者治疗的影响

目的 探讨腰大池置管后Hunt-Hess的重新评估对破裂动脉瘤手术治疗的影响.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月至2011年12月我院手术的108例术前行腰大池置管,病情稳定后重新进行Hunt-Hess分级的颅内动脉瘤破裂患者的临床资料.结果 持续腰池引流Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ、Ⅴ级并行手术的患者按脑室扩张与未扩张组经独立样本T检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ、Ⅴ级的患者应积极提倡急性期行腰大池引流术.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂后病情Ⅳ、Ⅴ级患者的治疗选择

目的比较神经外科显微手术和血管内栓塞对病情Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅳ、Ⅴ级的破裂动脉瘤的患者的治疗效果及优缺点.方法动脉瘤破裂后病情Ⅳ、Ⅴ级患者26例,其中11例行开颅显微手术,15例行血管内栓塞治疗.结果栓塞组15例中良好、轻残8例,重残、植物生存者5例,死亡2例.手术组11例中良好、轻残5例,重残、植物生存4例,死亡2例.结论Hunt-Hess分级为Ⅳ、Ⅴ级的破裂动脉瘤病人状态差,入院后根据病情,并尽早行手术或血管内栓塞治疗.血管内栓塞治疗创伤小、适应证广、并发症少,血管内栓塞应作为此类病人治疗的首选.     

重型破裂脑动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨重型破裂脑动脉瘤的急性期手术疗效.方法 在急性期首先通过去骨瓣减压、血肿清除、脑室外引流等手术减轻病情后,进一步对动脉瘤进行手术.结果 Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级50例,26例优,13例良,8例差,3例死亡.Ⅴ级者8例,2例优,1例良,2例差,3例死亡. 结论重型破裂脑动脉瘤急性期应首选手术治疗,可取得满意的疗效.     

100例脑前循环动脉瘤的早期显微手术治疗

目的评价破裂脑前循环动脉瘤早期显微外科手术治疗的疗效。方法2005年1月至2007年9月对100例脑前循环动脉瘤破裂的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者应用显微神经外科技术在破裂早期（3d之内）进行手术治疗,按照Hunt-Hess分级,Ⅰ级37例,Ⅱ级23例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级24例,Ⅴ级6例。以GOS评分对患者神经功能评分。结果107个动脉瘤中,显微手术夹闭101个,包裹6个。恢复良好70例;中度病残,生活自理12例;重度病残,生活不能自理9例;植物生存5例;死亡4例。HuntⅠ-Ⅲ级患者的预后明显优于Ⅳ、Ⅴ级患者的预后（P〈0．01）。结论早期显微手术是治疗破裂的脑前循环动脉瘤的理想手段。     

19例动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿的早期治疗体会

目的 探索动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿的早期(发病24h内)手术治疗效果.方法 对2007年10月～2008年10月19例破裂动脉瘤合并颅内血肿的早期手术病例进行了同顾性分析.按Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级10例,Ⅴ级2例.术前采取螺旋CT三维血管成像技术诊断,以显微外科手术夹闭动脉瘤并清除颅内血肿.结果 2例由于术后严重的脑血管痉挛导致大面积脑梗死死亡,5例产生严重功能障碍,其余12例患者均取得了良好效果.结论 对于Hunt-Hess分级Ⅱ～Ⅳ级的患者,应早期诊断和手术,清除血肿并夹闭动脉瘤,根据术中脑组织肿胀的程度,决定是否去骨瓣减压,而Ⅴ级患者手术效果不理想.术后并发症的预防和处理也是影响患者预后的关键因素.     

Hunt-HessⅣ、Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤手术治疗的分析

目的总结Hunt-HessⅣ、Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤手术治疗的经验。方法2000年1月至2012年2月手术治疗216例Hunt-HessⅣ、Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤,其中Ⅳ级192例,Ⅴ级24例。手术夹闭动脉瘤,同时清除颅内血肿,并酌情行去骨瓣减压术。结果术后6个月按GOS评分,Hunt-HessⅣ级192例患者中,预后良好38例,轻残56例,重残60例,植物生存15例,死亡23例;死亡率12.0%。Hunt-HessⅤ级24例患者中,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡15例;死亡率62.5%。结论对于合并颅内血肿的Hunt-HessⅣ级动脉瘤患者应积极手术治疗。Hunt-HessⅤ级患者手术疗效极差,应该待临床症状稳定后再行治疗。     

超早期显微手术治疗Hunt-Hess Ⅳ、Ⅴ级大脑中动脉动脉瘤

目的探讨超早期（发病12 h内）显微手术治疗Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ、Ⅴ级大脑中动脉动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析20例入院时Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ、Ⅴ级大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者的临床资料,均在超早期行显微手术治疗。结果20例动脉瘤均成功手术夹闭。术后随访4-12个月,按照GOS分级,预后良好13例,中残3例,重残2例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论对于Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ、Ⅴ级大脑中动脉动脉瘤患者进行超早期显微手术治疗,能够取得良好的预后。     

脑动脉瘤破裂的急诊手术处理

目的 探索破裂脑动脉瘤的急诊手术效果。方法 对１９９６年６月至１９９９年１０月２１例破裂动脉瘤的急诊手术病例进行了回顾性分析。按Ｈｕｎｔ－Ｈｅｓｓ分级,分别属Ⅰ级者３例,Ⅱ级者６例,Ⅲ级者７例,Ⅳ级者４例,Ⅴ级者１例。采取简化诊断、螺旋ＣＴ三维血管成像技术、显微技术、使用临时阻断载动脉和正确处理合并颅内血肿等方法。结果 随访２月～２年,良好者１６例,中度残废３例,植物生存１例,自动出院１例。结论     

重症颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的超早期手术夹闭治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂超早期手术治疗的可行性和治疗效果.方法 13例不同部位颅内动脉瘤患者,经三维CT造影(30-CTA)检查证实后即在24h内全麻下行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术,其中6h内手术5例、6-24h手术8例.术前Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅳ级10例,V级3例.术后根据出院时COS结果评价治疗效果.结果 术中发生动脉瘤破裂并临时阻断4例,分离困难6例;术后出现脑积水并行脑室腹腔分流术3例,肺部感染3例,下丘脑反应伴上消化道出血2例,额叶梗死1例;出院时效果良好6例;预后差5例;死亡2例.结论 对Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ～V级的患者实施超早期手术治疗可避免动脉瘤早期再次破裂出血;3D-CTA的应用使超早期手术成为可能.改善治疗效果.     

Microsurgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute (recent experience)

Recently the number of AVM resections in Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute has been increased dramatically. Aim of this study was to assess the results of open surgery in our clinic in modern neurosurgical era. Consecutive series if 160 patients with AVM treated using microsurgical technique since 2009 till 2011 was analyzed. Spetzler-Martin score distribution was: grade I--29 (18.1%) cases, grade II--84 (52.5%), grade III--38 (23.8%), grade IV--9 (5.6%). Patients with grade V AVMs were not operated. Treatment options included: AVM resection in 143 (89.4%) cases, embolization followed by resection in 15 (9.3%) and clipping of afferents in 2 (1.3%). Glasgow outcome scale score distribution was the following: V (good recovery)--70 (43.7%), IV (moderate disability)--71 (44.4%), III (severe disability)--16 (10%), II (vegetative state)--1 (0.6%) and I (death)--2 (1.3%). Microsurgery remains the primary option for radical treatment of cerebral AVMs. Careful selection of patients and planning of surgery are crucial for good outcomes.     

Spinal meningiomas: prognosis and recovery factors in 22 cases with severe motor deficits

The 22 cases of spinal meningioma with severe motor deficit operated on during a 34-year span are reviewed. The motor deficit is graded according to a modified version of the scale proposed by Levy et al. in 1982, their grade IV being split into grade IV (toe movements and muscular concentrations) and grade V (paraplegia). All 10 grade IV patients were able to walk normally within a year of surgical treatment while only 50% of the grade V patients (12 cases) recovered, and then not completely. The preoperative duration of the motor deficit and age under 60 influenced the speed of recovery in the grade IV patients and the possibility of recovery in the grade V cases. We consider that the dual mechanism of mechanical and ischemic trauma played an important part in the speed and possibility of recovery in the patients reviewed.     

水分离技术在治疗高血压脑出血中的应用

目的 探讨水分离技术在经侧裂-岛叶手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血中的应用及效果.方法 对42例应用水分离技术经侧裂-岛叶入路显微手术治疗的基底节区高血压脑出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 42例患者均术后24h内行CT扫描,38例血肿清除完全,4例血肿少量残留,术后存活40例,死亡2例.存活40例患者均随访3月以上,ADL评分为Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级2例,Ⅴ级1例.结论 水分离技术是一种安全简便的分离技术,在经侧裂-岛叶清除基底节区高血压脑出血中能很好帮助解剖侧裂和清除血肿,且对脑组织损伤小、血肿清除彻底、神经功能恢复好.     

Results of surgical treatment of intrasylvian hematomas due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms

In this retrospective study, the surgical outcome of patients with intrasylvian hematomas due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms was analyzed. The authors studied ten patients who underwent aneurysm surgery and evacuation of the hematoma within 12 h of the onset of bleeding. All patients had an intrasylvian hematoma classified with computerized tomography and all patients underwent pre-operative angiography. In all patients, the origin of bleeding was a middle cerebral artery aneurysm, with the exception of one patient whose bleeding originated from a posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Three patients achieved good recovery without any significant neurological deficit and four achieved good recovery with moderate disabilities. One patient died due to pneumonia and two were in a vegetative state. Notably, three patients who were comatose (Hunt and Hess Grade V) at the time of presentation achieved good recovery following surgery. In this study, neurological status at presentation did not predict the outcome. The only significant prognostic factor in those patients who had intrasylvian hematoma was early surgery within 12 h of the bleeding. We suggest that early surgical treatment be performed in patients with intrasylvian hematoma, regardless of the neurological findings and grade on admission. Pre-operative angiography seems to be essential in identifying the source of bleeding.     

急诊手术治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并脑内血肿

目的 总结大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并脑内血肿的急诊手术方法 及疗效.方法 急诊手术治疗大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并脑内血肿患者13 例,术中均先清除部分血肿减压,然后采用经侧裂近端-远端入路行动脉瘤夹闭术.8 例患者术前行CTA 检查明确动脉瘤,5 例患者直接手术探查发现动脉瘤.结果 13例患者均在血肿清除同时成功夹闭动脉...     

Comprehensive management of arteriovenous malformations

Abstract

The treatment of arteriovenous malformations depends on the efforts of a multidisciplinary team whose ultimate goal is to achieve better results when compared to the natural history of the pathology. The role of adjuvant treatment modalities such as radiosurgery and endovascular embolization is discussed. Treatment strategies and surgical results from a personal series of 344 patients operated in a ten-year period are reviewed. The Spetzler and Martin classification was modified to include subgroups IliA (large size grade III AVM_s) and 1118 (small grade III AVMs in eloquent areas) to assist the surgical resection criteria. The treatment strategy followed was surgery for grades I and III embolization plus surgery for grades IIIAI radiosurgery for grades 111 81 and conservative for grades IV and V. According to the new proposed classification 45 (13%) patients were grade II 96 (28%) were grade III 44 (13%) grade IIIAI 97 (28%) grade 1118145 (13%) grade IV; and 17 (5%) were grade V. As for surgical results 85.8% of the patients had a good outcome (no additional neurological deficit)1 12.5% had a fair outcome (minor neurological deficit)1 0.6% had a bad outcome (major neurological deficit)1 anp1.2% died. These figures indicate that the treatment.of arteriovenous malformations can achieve better results compared tQ the natural history if managed by a well trained group of specialists led by an experienced neurosurgeon. [Neural Res 1998; 20: 673-683]     

低水平神经肌肉阻滞状态下听神经瘤切除术中面神经的保护

目的在低水平神经肌肉阻滞状态下进行听神经瘤切除术中面神经的保护。方法28例大、中型听神经瘤患者行听神经瘤切除术,术中应用AXONEpochXP神经电生理工作站,根据4个成串刺激(train of four stim-ulation,TOF)和脑电图(EEG)分别监测肌松程度和麻醉深度,在肿瘤切除过程中通过调节肌松药物和麻醉药物剂量使T4/T1维持在25%～50%,术中监测眼轮匝肌、口轮匝肌、咬肌和斜方肌自由描记肌电图和诱发肌电图,分别反应面神经、三叉神经和副神经功能。于术后1周和术后第6个月分别评估面神经功能。结果28例患者术中均成功探测到面神经走行,电刺激强度为0.1～0.3mA,术中无患者发生体动情况。术后面神经功能保留率良好,术后1周面神经House-Brackmann(H-B)功能分级为Ⅰ级者5例、Ⅱ级者13例,Ⅲ级者8例,Ⅳ级者2例;至术后6个月面神经H-B功能分级Ⅰ级者10例,Ⅱ级者12例,Ⅲ级者5例,Ⅳ级者1例。结论在听神经瘤手术过程中通过电生理监测对面神经进行保护,需要电生理、麻醉和手术医生的配合。在低水平神经肌肉接头阻滞状态下,完全可以达到确保手术安全进行及保护面神经功能的目的。