芹菜素对人肺癌A549细胞凋亡及相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响

目的研究芹菜素对人肺癌 A549细胞增殖抑制和凋亡诱导作用与 Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响。方法10~80μmol/L 不同浓度芹菜素作用 A549细胞,采用 MTT 法检测芹菜素对 A549细胞增殖抑制作用;Hoechst 33258细胞核染色法观察芹菜素诱导细胞凋亡形态学的变化;流式细胞仪 AnnexinV- FITC/PI 双染色法检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot 法检测凋亡相关蛋白 Bax 和 Bcl-2表达的变化。结果 MTT 法显示,芹菜素对 A549细胞有显著的增殖抑制作用（P <0.01）,且具浓度和时间依赖性;荧光显微镜下观察到芹菜素处理组细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变：细胞核固缩、染色质凝集和核碎片化等;流式细胞仪分析结果显示,芹菜素呈浓度依赖性诱导 A549细胞凋亡;Western blot结果显示,促凋亡蛋白 Bax 随着芹菜素浓度升高表达增加,抗凋亡蛋白 Bcl-2随着芹菜素浓度升高表达减少。结论芹菜素具有抑制人肺癌 A549细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡的作用,其机制可能与上调 Bax 蛋白表达和下调 Bcl-2蛋白表达有关。     

BBI608对肝癌细胞HepG2的抑制作用及其机理研究

目的研究STAT3抑制剂BBI608对肝癌细胞的抑制作用及其机理。方法以不同浓度的BBI608作用于对数生长期的肝癌细胞HepG2,应用CCK8法检测细胞增殖,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染检测细胞凋亡,Western blot方法检测p-STAT3及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达。结果 BBI608作用于HepG2细胞活细胞数显著减少,呈浓度和时间依赖性,在BBI60830μM作用于肝癌细胞12 h,凋亡率显著升高。BBI608呈剂量依赖性地降低肝癌细胞中p-STAT3及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的表达和上调Bax蛋白的表达。结论 BBI608抑制肝癌细胞的增殖发挥抗肝癌作用与抑制STAT3的磷酸化,下调Bcl-2的表达和上调Bax的表达相关。     

雷公藤甲素对嘌呤霉素所致足细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的 为了探讨雷公藤治疗足细胞病变的机制,利用嘌呤霉素诱导足细胞凋亡的体外损伤模型,观察雷公藤甲素对足细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法 用CCK法观察雷公藤甲素对足细胞增殖活性的影响;应用TUNEL染色法定性观察雷公藤甲素对嘌呤霉素诱导的足细胞凋亡的保护作用;采用PI染色后再经流式细胞仪来定量分析雷公藤甲素对足细胞凋亡的抑制效应.结果 雷公藤甲素质量浓度小于1 μg/mL时对足细胞生存率没有明显影响;100 μg/mL嘌呤霉索诱导足细胞凋亡,但是此凋亡效应可以被1 μg/mL雷公藤甲素抑制;而且这种抑制作用具有时间依赖性.结论 雷公藤甲素通过抑制细胞凋亡来保护足细胞.雷公藤甲素对足细胞的保护作用可能是临床上雷公藤有效治疗足细胞病变的机制之一.     

鲨鱼软骨制剂对胃癌细胞生长及Bcl-2表达的调控

目的通过研究鲨鱼软骨制剂(SCP)对人胃癌MGC-803细胞Bcl-2的影响,探讨其对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及可能的作用机制。方法以不同浓度SCP加入体外培养的MGC-803细胞中,MTT法检测SCP对细胞生长抑制作用;Hoechst33342/PI荧光染色分析细胞死亡特征;流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡水平;免疫细胞化学染色法检测Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果 SCP明显抑制MGC-803细胞生长,且抑制作用呈浓度和时间依赖性(P0.05),其24、48和72h的IC 50值分别为1.61,1.04和0.54mg/ml。1mg/ml SCP处理细胞24 h,细胞出现核染色质凝集、凋亡小体等典型凋亡特征,细胞凋亡比例增大呈时间依赖性(P0.05)。SCP诱导细胞凋亡过程中Bcl-2表达明显降低。结论 SCP抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖及诱导细胞凋亡,下调Bcl-2蛋白表达。     

红景天甙对人胃癌细胞增殖及凋亡影响的研究

目的:探讨红景天甙对人胃癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响及其初步作用机制。方法:不同浓度的红景天甙干预处理胃癌细胞,CCK-8法检测红景天甙对胃癌细胞增殖的影响; Annexin-V/PI流式细胞术检测胃癌细胞凋亡的变化;荧光显微镜观察Hoechst染色后胃癌细胞凋亡形态及核染色质固缩变化情况;流式细胞仪检测红景天甙对胃癌细胞周期的影响; qRT-PCR检测Bcl-2、Bcl-xl、Bax凋亡基因表达; Transwell实验观察胃癌细胞体外侵袭能力的变化。结果:红景天甙显著抑制胃癌细胞增殖,并呈浓度依赖性;明显促进胃癌细胞凋亡发生,引起核染色质固缩,抗凋亡基因Bcl-2、Bcl-xl表达下调,促进凋亡基因Bax表达;阻滞胃癌细胞于G2/M期;明显抑制胃癌细胞的迁徙。结论:红景天甙明显抑制胃癌细胞的增殖并通过Bcl/Bax信号通路诱导其凋亡,提示了中药红景天甙对临床胃癌患者的潜在治疗效应。     

雷公藤甲素对非小细胞肺癌细胞系A549增殖的抑制和凋亡的诱导

目的探讨雷公藤甲素(TP)通过调控趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)基因表达对人非小细胞肺癌(A549)细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法实验分为4组:对照组、TP组(100 nm/L TP处理细胞)、CXCR4+TP组(转染质粒及TP处理细胞)和NC+TP组(转染空载质粒及TP处理细胞)。RT-qPCR和Western blot检测CXCR4表达以及转染效果;MTT法检测细胞增殖;AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测增殖及凋亡相关蛋白表达。结果雷公藤甲素能够抑制A549细胞中CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0. 05)。雷公藤甲素可抑制A549细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡(P<0. 05)。转染pc DNA-CXCR4能够上调CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0. 05)。上调CXCR4的表达能够部分逆转雷公藤甲素对A549细胞增殖抑制和凋亡诱导的作用(P<0. 05)。结论雷公藤甲素可能通过下调CXCR4的表达抑制A549细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

白杨素对人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨白杨素对人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖与凋亡的影响及可能机制。方法采用不同浓度白杨素(0,2.5,5,10,20,40 mg/L)作用于MG-63细胞后,MTT法和流式细胞仪分别检测白杨素对细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。蛋白免疫印迹检测白杨素(20 mg/L)对骨肉瘤细胞Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Survivin蛋白表达的影响。Real-time PCR方法检测白杨素(20 mg/L)对骨肉瘤细胞Bax mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、Caspase-3 mRNA、Survivin mRNA表达水平的影响。结果白杨素抑制MG-63细胞增殖、促进MG-63细胞凋亡,并呈浓度依赖性。经20 mg/L白杨素处理后,MG-63细胞Bax与Caspase-3蛋白与mRNA表达水平显著升高,而Bcl-2与Survivin蛋白与mRNA表达水平显著降低。结论白杨素在体外抑制MG-63细胞增殖,促进MG-63细胞凋亡,与调控凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Survivin的表达相关。     

五味子乙素通过激活Caspase-3影响三阴乳腺癌增殖和凋亡

目的观察中药五味子乙素对三阴乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231裸鼠成瘤能力的影响及机制。方法利用MTT实验验证五味子乙素对三阴乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的毒性作用;利用流式细胞术检测不同浓度的五味子乙素对MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的影响;利用裸鼠移植瘤模型分析五味子乙素对乳腺癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响;利用蛋白免疫印迹方法检测各组移植瘤组织中Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平。结果五味子乙素呈剂量依赖性显著抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的体外增殖能力,促进细胞的凋亡,较好地抑制乳腺癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长,明显缩小肿瘤体积。五味子乙素处理后肿瘤裸鼠模型的肿瘤组织中Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低,说明五味子乙素促进移植瘤细胞凋亡。结论五味子乙素抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖并促进凋亡,并抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长。     

氧化苦参碱对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞的作用及其机制的初步研究

目的探讨氧化苦参碱（Oxymatrine,OM）在体外诱导人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞的凋亡作用及其可能的机制。方法以不同浓度的OM作用于人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞,应用MTT法检测细胞生长情况;荧光染色观察细胞核的形态学改变;琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析细胞DNA变化;Western blot检测细胞Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达情况。结果 OM能显著抑制HO-8910细胞的增殖作用,具有浓度和时间依赖性。荧光染色后可观察到典型的凋亡小体。细胞DNA电泳后呈现出凋亡细胞典型的DNA ladder。Bcl-2蛋白表达量逐渐降低,Bax蛋白表达量逐渐增加,呈明显的浓度依赖性。结论 OM能诱导体外培养的人肝癌HO-8910细胞凋亡。Bcl-2表达增多,Bax表达减少是OM诱导HO-8910细胞凋亡的可能机制之一。     

冬凌草甲素对人食管鳞癌细胞系KYSE-150和KYSE-450增殖及迁移的影响

目的 探讨冬凌草甲素（ORI）对食管鳞癌细胞系KYSE-150和KYSE-450增殖、凋亡、周期及迁移的作用。 方法 MTT法检测ORI对食管癌细胞增殖的影响;集落形成实验检测ORI对集落形成的影响;流式细胞术检测ORI对食管癌细胞凋亡和周期的影响;Transwell迁移实验检测ORI对食管癌细胞迁移的作用;Western blotting检测ORI对抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、细胞周期抑制蛋白p21Cip1/Waf1及上皮-间质转化（EMT）标志蛋白表达水平的影响。 结果 ORI对KYSE-150和KYSE-450细胞的增殖、迁移和集落形成有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）,且抑制作用呈一定的时间、剂量依赖性;流式结果显示,随着ORI浓度的增加,细胞的凋亡率明显增加（P<0.05）,G₂/M期细胞比例显著增加（P<0.05）,G₀/G₁期细胞比例明显下降（P<0.05）;ORI处理食管癌细胞48 h,Bcl-2、间质细胞标志蛋白,波形蛋白（vimentin）、β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）表达下调,p21Cip1/Waf1、上皮细胞标志蛋白,E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）表达上调。 结论 冬凌草甲素可能通过诱导细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞在G₂/M期抑制食管癌细胞的增殖,并通过抑制EMT转化从而抑制食管癌细胞的迁移。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.