Infection Risk Increases After Total Hip Arthroplasty Within 3 Months Following Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection. A Meta-Analysis on Knee and Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundMuch debate continues regarding the risk of postoperative infection after intra-articular corticosteroid injection prior to total joint arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or other complications after joint arthroplasty in patients who received preoperative corticosteroids injections.MethodsA literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through January 4, 2022. Of 4,596 studies, 28 studies on 480,532 patients were selected for qualitative analysis. Studies describing patients receiving corticosteroids injections before joint arthroplasty (hip, knee) were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis was performed of studies focusing on corticosteroids injections and PJI. Assessment of risk of bias and quality of evidence was based on the “Downs and Black’s Checklist for Measuring Quality”.ResultsA significant association (odds ratio: 1.55, P = .001, 95% confidence interval: 1.357-1.772) between PJI and corticosteroids injections was found for total hip arthroplasty (THA). No association was found for knee arthroplasty procedures. The risk of PJI is statistically higher (odds ratio: 1.20, P = .045, 95% confidence interval: 1.058-1.347) if the injections are performed within 3 months preoperatively in THA patients.ConclusionPatients undergoing THA who previously received intra-articular injections of corticosteroids may expect a statistically higher risk of developing PJI. On the contrary, no association between corticosteroids injections and PJI could be seen in total knee arthroplasty patients. In addition, injection timing plays an important role: surgeons should refrain from administering corticosteroids injections within 3 months before hip arthroplasty, as it appears to be less safe than waiting a 3-month interval.     

糖尿病和关节假体感染发病率的相关性研究

目的 探讨我国人群中糖尿病和关节假体感染（PJI）发病率的相关性.方法从2000年1月到2012年12月,本研究系统地收集了49例经过全髋/ 膝关节置换术后发生PJI的患者（病例组）;通过手术时间和手术类型进行匹配,选定252例没有发生PJI的患者为对照组.本组通过条件性Logistic回归来计算比值比（OR）和95% 可信区间（CI）.结果相较于对照组,糖尿病在PJI患者中的发病率更高（36.7% vs.8.3%,P〈0.01）.通过对年龄,性别,BMI等混淆因素进行调节后发现,糖尿病患者发生PJI的概率明显增高（OR=6.2;95%CI：2.8~13.6;P〈0.01）.BMI为18.5～28 kg/m2的糖尿病患者PJI发病率的OR=4.0（95%CI：1.1~14.1;P〈0.05）,而BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2的糖尿病患者发生PJI的概率更高（OR=16.8;95% CI：4.4~64.5;P〈0.01）.结论糖尿病患者特别是伴随BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2时,PJI的发病率显著升高.     

Tobacco Use and Risk of Wound Complications and Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Procedures

Background

The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between tobacco use and the risk of any wound complication and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty procedures.

Periprosthetic Infection Recurrence After 2-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty: Failure or Fate?

Background

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty remains the preferred method for treating a chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in North America. However, infection recurrence may occur. Previously, recurrent infections have been classified as persistent (same isolated pathogen) or new (different pathogen identified). We sought to determine (1) recurrence rates among patients with chronic hip and knee PJI, treated with 2-stage exchange arthroplasty; (2) risk factors for infection recurrence; and (3) risk factors for developing persistent vs new infection.

Statin Exposure and Risk of Prosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty Among U.S. Veterans

BackgroundStatins have a variety of pleiotropic effects that could be beneficial for patients undertaking total knee or hip arthroplasty. In vitro and in vivo models suggest the beneficial effects of statins through bone formation and modulating proinflammatory cytokines triggered by implant debris. However, statins also exhibit antimicrobial action and may reduce the risk of revision surgery via reducing the risk of infection. We sought to explore the relationship between statin use and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee or hip arthroplasty.MethodsWe use a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty performed within the Department of Veterans Affairs. To minimize selection bias between the statin exposed and unexposed patients, we used 1:1 ratio propensity score matching. We fit adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to quantify the risk of PJI between the cohorts within 1 year, 3 years, and all follow-up time.ResultsWith a study period beginning from January 2000, a total of 60,241 patients were included. The unmatched Cox models reveal, over the entire follow-up time, a statistically significant lower risk of infection for the statin exposed patients (hazard ratio = 0.869; 95% confidence interval = [0.79-0.956]). The matched Cox model results reveal a statistically significant lower risk of PJI, only in the overall model, for the statin exposed cohort compared with the unexposed cohort (hazard ratio = 0.895, 95% confidence interval = [0.807-0.993]).ConclusionOur analysis finds some support for the beneficial effects of statins for preventing PJI among patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty.     

Impact of Perioperative Urinary Tract Infection on Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe literature lacks clear consensus regarding the association between postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) and surgical site infection (SSI). Additionally, in contrast to preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria, SSI risk in patients with preoperative UTI has been incompletely studied. Therefore, our goal was to determine the effect of perioperative UTI on SSI in patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty.MethodsUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, all patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty were identified. Univariate and multivariate regressions, as well as propensity matching, were used to determine the independent risk of preoperative and postoperative UTI on SSI, reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsPostoperative UTI significantly increased the risk for superficial wound infection (OR 2.147, 95% CI 1.622-2.842), deep periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (OR 2.288, 95% CI 1.579-3.316), and all SSIs (superficial and deep) (OR 2.193, 95% CI 1.741-2.763) (all P < .001). Preoperative UTI was not associated with a significantly increased risk of superficial infection (P = .636), PJI (P = .330), or all SSIs (P = .284). Further analysis of UTI present at the time of surgery using propensity matching showed no increased risk of superficial infection (P = 1.000), PJI (P = .624), or SSI (P = .546).ConclusionPostoperative UTI was associated with SSI, reinforcing the need to minimize factors which predispose patients to the risk of UTI after surgery. The lack of association between preoperative UTI and SSI suggests that hip and knee arthroplasty can proceed without delay, although initiating antibiotic treatment is prudent and future prospective investigations are warranted.     

The Presence of Sinus Tract Adversely Affects the Outcome of Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infections

BackgroundA sinus tract may be encountered in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and constitutes a major criterion for diagnosis. The aim of this study is to identify associated factors for the presence of sinus tract and outcome of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty in these patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with PJI following hip and knee arthroplasty from 2000 to 2017. Of them, 161 patients with a sinus tract had a minimum follow-up of 1 year following 2-stage exchange arthroplasty. These patients were matched 1:2 with those without sinus tract by using propensity score matching. Treatment success was assessed using the modified Delphi criteria. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of sinus tract on the outcome and associated factors for the presence of sinus tract.ResultsFactors significantly associated with sinus tract included smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83), hypothyroidism (OR = 1.62), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 1.52), hip joint involvement (OR = 1.43), and prior revision surgery (OR = 1.37). Patients with sinus tract had a significantly higher rate of failure compared to those without sinus tract (OR = 2.94).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the presence of sinus tract in patients with PJI adversely affects the outcome of treatment of these patients. The presence of sinus tract may be a proxy for other issues such as poor periarticular soft tissue, the poor nutritional status of the host, and multiple prior operations. These findings need to be borne in mind when treating patients with PJI and a concomitant sinus tract.     

全髋关节置换术后伤口愈合不良危险因素分析

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后患者切口愈合不良的相关危险因素,为临床决策提供指导。 方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年7月西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科收治的单侧、新发股骨颈骨折、髋关节关节炎及股骨头坏死等并行单侧全髋关节置换或翻修患者,排除合并肿瘤、严重营养不良、经治疗后血糖、血压不能达到标准、合并凝血功能障碍或其他血液系统疾病、近期感染病史及局部皮肤条件较差的患者。根据术后是否发生伤口愈合不良分为两组。比较两组患者之间年龄、性别、身体质量指数(BMI)、术前白蛋白水平、糖尿病、高血压、长期激素应用史、术区多次手术史、手术时间、术前抗凝、术中皮下电刀止血、术后24 h引流量、术后是否输血等相关因素对伤口愈合的影响,应用R语言及Empower Stats统计软件对数据进行分析。依据数据类型,组间比较采用独立样本t检验或卡方检验;利用多因素logistic回归对不同危险因素进行分析,计算各因素比值比(OR)及95%置信区间(CI)。 结果本研究共纳入研究对象432例,其中术后发生伤口愈合不良事件患者43例。年龄(t＝2.907,P<0.05)、BMI(t＝15.399,P<0.001)、糖尿病(χ²＝111.86,P<0.001)、术区多次手术(χ²＝50.135,P<0.001)、长期激素应用史(χ²＝144.31,P<0.001)、手术时间(t＝12.334,P<0.001)及术后是否输血(χ²＝88.725,P<0.001)在两组之间差异有统计学意义。将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的因素及术前白蛋白水平、皮下电刀止血等纳入多因素logistic回归分析中发现,年龄[OR＝1.784,95% CI＝(1.254,2.234),P＝0.006]、BMI [OR＝2.587,95%CI＝(1.647,4.950),P＝0.016],手术时间[OR＝8.643,95%CI＝(2.331,15.471),P＝0.001]及术区多次手术[OR＝3.218,95%CI＝(2.461,4.339),P＝0.041]是全髋关节术后发生伤口愈合不良的独立危险因素。 结论高龄、肥胖、手术时长及术区多次手术是全髋关节置换术后伤口愈合不良发生的独立危险因素,对存在有这些因素的患者,应早期诊断治疗。     

Predictors of (Un)successful Same-Day Discharge in Selected Patients Following Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundIt is generally accepted that only selected patients are suitable for outpatient joint arthroplasty (OJA); however, no consensus exists on the optimal selection criteria. We believe patients undergoing OJA should undergo risk stratification and mitigation in an attempt to optimize quality and minimize costs.MethodsPatient factors of 525 patients who were selected to have primary elective unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (N = 158), total knee arthroplasty (N = 277), or total hip arthroplasty (N = 90) in an outpatient setting were retrospectively reviewed. A complete case multivariable logistic regression analysis of 440 patients was conducted to identify factors that were independently associated with (un)successful same-day discharge (SDD).ResultsOne hundred ten patients (21%) were not able to be discharged on the day of surgery. Charnley class B2 was associated with a higher chance of successful SDD (odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.72), whereas female gender (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8), total knee arthroplasty (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), and a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical function score (ASA II: OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; ASA III: OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1-13) were associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful SDD.ConclusionThese results in a preselected population suggest the need for further specifying and improving selection criteria for patients undergoing OJA and emphasize the importance of an in-hospital backup plan for patients at risk of unsuccessful SDD. Previous contralateral joint arthroplasty is a protective factor for successful SDD.     

Preoperative Opioid Use Is Associated With Higher Revision Rates in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

BackgroundAlthough preoperative opioid use has been associated with poor postoperative patient-reported outcome measures and delayed return to work in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, direct surgery-related complications in patients on chronic opioids are still not clear. Thus, we sought to perform a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the influence of preoperative opioid use on postoperative complications and revision following primary total joint arthroplasty.MethodsFollowing the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the ISI Web of Science for studies investigating the influence of preoperative opioid use on postoperative complications following total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty up to May 2020.ResultsAfter applying exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in the analysis which represented 87,165 opioid users (OU) and 5,214,010 nonopioid users (NOU). The overall revision rate in the OU group was 4.79% (3846 of 80,303 patients) compared to 1.21% in the NOU group (43,719 of 3,613,211 patients). There was a higher risk of aseptic loosening (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.53, P = .002), periprosthetic fractures (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.53-2.34, P < .00001), and dislocations (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14-1.39, P < .00001) in the OU group compared to the NOU group. Overall, 5 of 6 studies reporting on periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates showed statistically significant correlation between preoperative opioid use and higher PJI rates.ConclusionThere is strong evidence that preoperative opioid use is associated with a higher overall revision rate for aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fractures, and dislocation, and an increased risk for PJI.Level of EvidenceLevel III, systematic review.     

Hospital Costs for Unsuccessful Two-Stage Revisions for Periprosthetic Joint Infection

BackgroundAlthough 2-stage exchange arthroplasty is the preferred surgical treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the United States, little is known about the risk of complications between stages, mortality, and the economic burden of unsuccessful 2-stage procedures.MethodsThe 2015-2019 Medicare 100% inpatient sample was used to identify 2-stage PJI revisions in total hip and knee arthroplasty patients using procedural codes. We used the Fine and Gray sub-distribution adaptation of the conventional Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the probability of completing the second stage of the 2-stage PJI infection treatment, accounting for death as a competing risk. Hospital costs were estimated from the hospital charges using “cost-to-charge” ratios from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.ResultsA total of 5094 total hip arthroplasty and 13,062 total knee arthroplasty patients had an index revision for PJI during the study period. In the first 12 months following the first-stage explantation, the likelihood of completing a second-stage PJI revision was 43.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.7-44.5) for hips and 47.9% (95% CI 47.0-48.8) for knees. Following explantation, 1-year patient survival rates for hip and knee patients were 87.4% (95% CI 85.8-88.9) and 91.4% (95% CI 90.6-92.2), respectively. The median additional cost for hospitalizations between stages was $23,582 and $20,965 per patient for hips and knees, respectively. Hospital volume, Northeast or Midwest region, and younger age were associated with reduced PJI costs (P < .05).ConclusionAlthough viewed as the most preferred, the 2-stage revision strategy for PJI had less than a 50% chance of successful completion within the first year, and was associated with high mortality rates and substantial costs for treatment failure.     

全髋关节置换术患者延迟出院的危险因素分析

目的分析全髋关节置换术患者延迟出院的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年7月择期行单侧全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、BMI、ASA分级、手术时间、麻醉方式、术中失血量、术中输液量、术中阿片类药物用量、术中血管活性药物用量、PACU停留时间、术后随访静息疼痛评分、术前住院时间、术前合并症、术后并发症及转归情况。根据术后住院时间将患者分为两组:正常出院组(术后住院时间≤14 d)和延迟出院组(术后住院时间>14 d),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响延迟出院的因素。结果共纳入908例患者。单因素分析显示,与正常出院组比较,延迟出院组的年龄明显偏高,术中失血量明显增多,手术时间、PACU停留时间、术前住院时间明显延长,术前合并症、术后并发症明显增多(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁(OR=2.075,95%CI 1.287~3.346,P=0.003)、手术时间>3 h(OR=1.997,95%CI 1.181~3.375,P=0.010)、术中失血量≥800 ml(OR=2.898,95%CI 1.449~5.794,P=0.003)、PACU时间>60 min(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.064~2.859,P=0.027)、术前住院时间≥7 d(OR=1.805,95%CI 1.114~2.924,P=0.016)、术前有合并症≥2个(OR=2.912,95%CI 1.513~5.825,P=0.003)是导致患者延迟出院的独立危险因素。结论患者年龄、术中失血量、手术时间、PACU停留时间、术前住院时间及术前合并症是全髋关节置换术后出院延迟的独立危险因素,针对危险因素进行有效干预是缩短住院时间改善患者预后的重要策略。     

初次全髋关节置换术后髋关节疼痛发生影响因素分析

目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术后中重度髋关节疼痛发生影响因素分析。 方法选择2015年1月至2017年9月在四川省巴中骨科医院初次接受全髋关节置换术的完整成年患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。翻修手术、长期慢性疼痛、合并恶性肿瘤、精神疾病等情况的病例排除在外。记录患者的性别、年龄、身体质量指数、合并症、置换类型、术前评估、术中指标和术后并发症发生情况等资料。采用单因素和多因素Logistic分析观察患者术后中重髋关节疼痛的发生率及上述资料与髋关节中重度疼痛发生的相关性。 结果共有476例(476例髋)患者纳入研究,中重度疼痛发生率为9.66%。单因素分析显示,置换部位、疾病类型、高血压、吸烟、饮酒不是影响初次髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛发生的危险因素(P>0.05);性别(χ²＝6.145)、年龄(χ²＝7.847)、身体质量指数(χ²＝14.704)、髋关节活动时间(χ²＝8.043)、糖尿病(χ²＝10.356)、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级(χ²＝10.654)、入路方式(χ²＝6.746)、假体类型(χ²＝5.917)、手术时间(χ²＝5.024)、下肢深静脉血栓(χ²＝11.145)、术后C反应蛋白(CRP)值(χ²＝7.494)是影响初次髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,身体质量指数≥28 kg/m²[OR＝3.224,95%CI (2.059,8.159)]、下肢深静脉血栓[OR ＝6.902,95%CI (4.574,13.589)]是影响全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄≥60岁[OR ＝0.718,95%CI (0.611,0.829)]、关节活动时间>2 d [OR ＝0.624,95%CI(0.417,0.852)]是全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的保护性因素(P<0.05)。 结论初次人工全髋关节置换术后中重度髋关节发生是多因素综合作用的结果,临床应综合考虑这些因素,以降低全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的发生。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折发生因素的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评价影响老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素。方法检索Pubmed、Cochrane、中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库自2005年1月至2018年4月国内外正式刊物上公开发表的有关老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部骨折相关因素的文献,严格评价质量及提取相关资料,获取患者的性别、年龄(>65岁)、吸烟、初次髋部骨折类型、骨质疏松症(Singh指数≥4为骨质疏松)、伴有原发性高血压、伴有帕金森病、伴有脑卒中、伴有老年痴呆症、伴有白内障、伴有类风湿关节炎、伴有糖尿病、初次骨折内固定种类、患者治疗配合的依从性。运用RevMan5.0软件进行统计分析,评估各项指标的优势比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)。结果共纳入17项研究13717例老年髋部骨折患者,发生对侧髋部骨折1504例。影响老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素有患者年龄(OR=-3.55,95%CI:-5.60^-1.50,P<0.001)、骨质疏松症(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.36~4.17,P=0.002)、伴有帕金森病(OR=4.54,95%CI:2.74~7.53,P<0.001)、脑卒中(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.18~0.59,P<0.001)、老年痴呆症(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29~0.62,P<0.001)、白内障(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.22~0.63,P<0.001)、类风湿关节炎(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.21~0.50,P<0.001)、糖尿病(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.47~0.91,P=0.01)、初次骨折内固定种类(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.30~0.85,P=0.01)、治疗配合依从性(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.21~0.64,P<0.001),而与性别(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.45~2.56,P=0.88)、吸烟(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.40~1.86,P=0.70)、初次髋部骨折类型(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.60~1.57,P=0.90)、伴有原发性高血压(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.41~1.21,P=0.20)无关。结论影响老年髋部骨折患者术后对侧髋部骨折的相关因素有年龄偏大、伴有骨质疏松症、帕金森病、脑卒中、老年痴呆症、白内障、类风湿关节炎、糖尿病、初次骨折内固定种类、治疗配合依从性差。而患者性别、吸烟、骨折类型、伴有原发性高血压目前尚无足够的证据与对侧髋部骨折有关。     

Hip Disarticulation for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Frequency,Outcome, and Risk Factors

BackgroundCurrently, the largest available series of hip disarticulation (HD) procedures performed for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) includes only 6 patients. Given the lack of data on this dreadful outcome, we sought to determine the frequency of and risk factors for HD performed for a primary diagnosis of PJI.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2016 was used to estimate the annual incidences of HD associated with PJI, elective primary total joint arthroplasty (control group 1), and other surgical procedures associated with PJI (control group 2) using National Inpatient Sample trend weights.ResultsOne-hundred forty-eight HDs for PJI, 2,378,313 primary total joint arthroplasty controls, and 51,580 PJI controls were identified. Median length-of-stay (11 days), proportion of patients with ≥5 comorbidities (22.8%), and median hospital costs ($25,895.60) were all greater for patients with HD compared with both control groups. The weighted frequency of HD hospitalizations increased by 366%, whereas the frequency of cases in control groups 1 and 2 increased by 93% and 310%, respectively, during the same timeframe. Upon multivariable logistic regression, age <65 years without private insurance (reference group: age ≥65 years without private insurance, odds ratio [OR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.24), diabetes with chronic complications (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.12-3.26), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.49-4.48) were significantly associated with increased risk of HD among all patients with PJI.ConclusionWhile the overall frequency of lower extremity amputations may be decreasing, our study documents an alarming increase in the frequency of HD for PJI during the study period. Patients under age 65 years without private insurance were at significantly higher risk of HD among patients with PJI.     

全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析总结全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,为临床识别和预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症提供循证医学的根据。 方法检索PUBMED、EMBASE、Cochrane library、中国知网(CKNI)等数据库建库至2018年6月关于全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的临床研究。排除研究对象为非成人的文献及结局指标与静脉血栓不相关的文献。由2位研究者独立进行资料提取和质量评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果最终共纳入23篇文献,累计病例775 294例,其中10 325例静脉血栓,平均发生率(18.29±0.23)%。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥ 70岁[OR ＝0.92,95%CI(0.87,0.97),I² ＝33%,P ＝0.0030]、年龄≥ 80岁[OR ＝0.85,95%CI(0.76,0.96),I² ＝68%,P ＝0.0090]、术中止血带的使用[OR＝2.14,95%CI(1.36,3.38),I² ＝0%,P ＝0.0010]是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。女性[OR ＝0.95,95%CI(0.85,1.05),I² ＝59%,P ＝0.32]、尼格罗人种[OR＝0.40, 95%CI(0.11,1.48),I²＝99%, P＝0.1700]、高血压[OR＝1.46,95%CI(0.87,2.45),I² ＝91%,P ＝0.1500]、糖尿病[OR ＝1.11,95%CI(0.90,1.37),I² ＝68%,P ＝0.3300]、类风湿性关节炎[OR ＝0.78,95%CI(0.38,1.56),I² ＝89%,P ＝0.4800]、翻修[OR ＝1.14,95%CI(0.18,7.25),I² ＝88%,P ＝0.8900]、下肢静脉曲张[OR ＝1.30,95%CI(0.83,2.04),I² ＝29%,P ＝0.2500]、肿瘤[OR ＝1.11,95%CI(0.32,3.92),I² ＝91%,P ＝0.8700]、心脏疾病[OR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.37,2.89),I² ＝98%,P ＝0.9600]、肝肾疾病[OR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.84,1.67),I² ＝0%,P ＝0.3200]不是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论年龄≥ 70岁、年龄≥ 80岁、术中止血带的使用是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的高危险因素,临床医护人员应更加关注以上相关危险因素,以预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的发生。     

日间经皮肾镜碎石取石术患者延迟出院的危险因素分析和列线图构建

目的探讨日间经皮肾镜碎石取石术（PCNL）患者延迟出院的危险因素,并构建风险预测列线图。 方法回顾性审查370例日间PCNL患者的电子病历,根据患者是否在24 h内出入院,将其分为延迟出院组（61例）和正常出院组（309例）。采用单因素分析比较两组的一般资料、术后1 h生命体征和血液学指标。通过Logistic回归分析确定延迟出院的危险因素,绘制列线图以预测延迟出院的风险,应用校准曲线评估列线图的内部校准性能。 结果370例患者中有61例（16.5%）出现延迟出院,18例（4.9%）住院时间超过48 h。Logistic回归分析显示年龄>65岁（OR：3.992,95%CI：1.792~8.892,P=0.001）、通道数量（OR：3.139,95%CI：1.548~6.367,P=0.002）、术中严重出血（OR：12.207,95%CI：2.761~53.973,P=0.001）、术后1 h体温>38℃（OR：4.623,95%CI：1.445~14.789,P=0.010）、中性粒细胞比率>75%（OR：1.951,95%CI：1.008~3.777,P=0.047）和钾<3.5 mmol/L（OR：5.469,95%CI：1.641~18.226,P=0.006）是日间PCNL患者延迟出院的独立危险因素。延迟出院预测模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.784,通过危险因素构建的列线图具有良好的区分度和准确性。 结论基于年龄、通道数量、术中严重出血、术后感染和低钾血症构建的延迟出院风险预测列线图预测性能良好,可帮助医护人员快速识别术后延迟出院高风险患者,以便尽早实施医疗干预。     

基于队列研究社区老年肌少症发病率及危险因素的Meta分析

目的 通过系统评价与Meta分析探究社区老年人肌少症发病率及危险因素。方法 检索从建库到2021年1月PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、知网、万方等中英文数据库,纳入肌少症发病率及其影响因素的队列研究。采用软件STATA15.0和Review Manager 5.4对社区老年人肌少症发生率及影响因素进行分析。结果 共纳入13篇文献,13 750例研究对象。结果显示,肌少症发生率为11%,随访1～2年、3～4年社区老年人肌少症发病率分别为6%和12%,亚洲地区发病率分别为9%,亚洲之外地区为13%,女性发病率为16%,男性为11%。从危险因素来看：高龄(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.09～1.12,P<0.000 01)、中风史(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.60～5.31,P=0.000 5)、低BMI(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.42～1.60,P<0.000 01)、缺乏运动(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.18～1.76,P=0.000 3)是社区肌少症的重要危险因素。结论 社区老年人肌少症发生率较高,高龄、...     

Incidence and risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

AIM: Infections are one of the most important risk factors for the development of acute renal failure (ARF) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been reported as one of the most frequent infection in intensive care units (ICU). Sepsis, shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), use of nephrotoxic antibiotics and mechanical ventilation are potential risk factors for development of ARF during VAP. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ARF in patients with VAP and the role of VAP-related potential risk factors in the development of ARF. METHODS: One hundred and eight patients who were admitted to the pulmonary ICU of a university hospital and developed VAP were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Only first episodes of VAP were studied. Diagnosis was based on microbiologically confirmed clinical findings. Potential outcome variables including responsible pathogens, recurrence, polymicrobial aetiology, bacteraemia, multidrug resistance of microorganisms, late/early VAP and sepsis and other known risk factors for development of ARF were evaluated. Risk factors were analysed by logistic regression analysis for significance. RESULTS: Incidence of ARF was 38% (n = 41). Pneumonia with multidrug resistant pathogens (odds ratio, (OR) 5; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 1.5-18; P = 0.011), sepsis (OR, 5.6; 95%CI, 1.7-18; P = 0.005) and severity of admission disease (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score: OR, 1.1; 95%CI, 1.02-1.3; P = 0.017) were independent risk factors for the development of ARF during VAP episodes in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the incidence of ARF is high during the VAP episodes and that VAP developed with multidrug resistant pathogens and sepsis have an independent effect on the development of ARF.