血管腔内治疗创伤性后交通动脉假性动脉瘤伴海绵窦瘘

【摘要】 目的 探讨创伤性后交通动脉假性动脉瘤伴海绵窦瘘的血管造影表现及血管腔内介入治疗的可行性。 方法 回顾1例创伤性后交通动脉假性动脉瘤伴海绵窦瘘患者的临床诊疗过程。结合Pubmed数据库文献,分析该病临床、病理特点及治疗策略。 结果 创伤性后交通动脉假性动脉瘤破裂危害极大,可引起蛛网膜下腔出血和海绵窦瘘,治疗难度增加。血管腔内介入栓塞治疗后交通动脉假性动脉瘤是首要和推荐方法,同时可达到海绵窦瘘微创治疗的目的。 结论 脑血管造影可完善创伤性颅内假性动脉瘤诊断,随后的血管腔内介入栓塞可为该病提供治疗机会。     

血管腔内治疗创伤性下肢假性动脉瘤(附5例分析)

目的探讨血管内治疗创伤性下肢假性动脉瘤的方法及疗效。方法本组5例左下肢假性动脉瘤患者,左侧股深动脉分支动脉瘤2例,股浅动脉主干1例,臀上动脉分支1例,腓动脉分支1例,均行相关动脉造影,明确假性动脉瘤部位、范围、程度及血供情况,然后行血管腔内治疗。治疗方法根据病变部位、大小及造影表现进行选择。结果 5例患者均通过动脉造影明确诊断,DSA造影假性动脉瘤呈现不规则形囊状突起。血管腔内治疗后再次造影见动脉瘤及其供血动脉消失,5例介入治疗均获成功。随防2~15个月,均未复发,且无并发症发生。结论血管腔内治疗下肢创伤性假性动脉瘤,安全有效、创伤小、并发症少,是有效的治疗方法。     

创伤性动脉损伤的血管内介入治疗

目的 探讨创伤性动脉损伤介入治疗的临床疗效和安全性.资料与方法 38例创伤性动脉损伤患者,包括骨盆骨折24例,颅底颌面部骨折12例,颈胸部外伤2例.所有患者经保守治疗无效和/或难以耐受外科手术,在外伤后1～24 h内行急诊动脉造影,根据动脉损伤部位,选用明胶海绵颗粒和细条、不锈钢圈、可脱球囊及支架进行治疗.结果 除1例患者因休克时间长在造影过程中心跳呼吸骤停未行介入治疗外,其余37例均在2 h内完成介入治疗,成功率为97%(37/38),出血患者栓塞后活动性出血停止,失血性休克得到控制.2例盆腔出血伴左髂股动脉急性闭塞的患者同时行支架置入后血管开通,肢体得以保存;1例刀刺伤致椎动脉断裂、假性动脉瘤形成的患者行球囊封堵及弹簧钢圈栓塞后治愈;1例无名动脉假性动脉瘤置入覆膜支架一枚后假性动脉瘤被隔绝;1例出现弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)并死亡.结论 血管内介入治疗是创伤性动脉损伤的安全、有效、简便的急救措施.     

覆膜支架在周围血管病变中的应用

目的回顾性分析覆膜支架治疗周围血管性病变的方法和疗效。方法11例患者,其中动脉瘤8例(包括假性动脉瘤3例),动-静脉瘘2例,血管损伤破裂1例。病变部位位于锁骨下动脉2例、颈总动脉1例、肾动脉1例、髂动脉5例、股动脉1例、胫前动脉1例。均采用经皮股动脉穿刺,在相应的病变段植入覆膜支架,使病变与主支血管隔绝。结果所有患者均成功植入覆膜支架,术后造影原病变完全消失。术中有1例发生血管痉挛。未发生血管闭塞、破裂等并发症。通过超声或DSA随访3～6个月,无复发和主支血管闭塞等。结论随着介入技术的不断发展,覆膜支架的应用日益增多,治疗周围血管性病变取得极好效果。     

肝移植术后肝动脉假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的探讨介入技术对肝移植术后假性动脉瘤的治疗价值。 方法收集5例行介入治疗的肝移植术后肝动脉瘤患者,对患者的临床资料、影像学随访资料、介入治疗并发症、预后等情况进行观察和回顾。 结果5例肝动脉假性动脉瘤中发生于肝内肝动脉2例,肝外肝动脉主干3例。3例行介入栓塞治疗,2例行覆膜支架治疗。介入治疗全部取得成功,无相关并发症发生。 结论血管内介入技术是治疗肝移植术后肝动脉假性动脉瘤安全有效的方法。     

介入治疗在腹部外科术后消化道大出血中的应用价值

目的确定介入治疗在腹部外科术后消化道大出血中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析11例腹部外科手术后急性消化道大出血并经内科保守治疗无效而介入治疗的病例,总结其DSA结果及介入治疗价值。结果11例腹部外科术后消化道出血患者中DSA发现胃左动脉出血1例,胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤4例,肝动脉假性动脉瘤2例,脾动脉假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜下动脉分支血管感染性假性动脉瘤1例,肠系膜上动脉小分支血管出血2例。结论介入治疗是治疗腹部外科术后消化道大出血的有效方法。     

覆膜支架腔内修复治疗颈动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血北大核心CSCD

目的探讨覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗颈动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2015年7月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院采用血管内覆膜支架植入术急诊救治的15例颈动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血患者。其中直接外伤致颈总动脉假性动脉瘤1例,颈部手术致颈总动脉假性动脉瘤破裂1例,致颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂3例,鼻咽癌放疗后颈内动脉假性动脉瘤破裂10例。结果 15例患者均经覆膜支架腔内修复术得到成功救治,无即刻手术相关并发症及死亡发生。术后平均随访时间11个月,15例患者均无再次出血,临床随访期间无脑缺血并发症。结论覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗颈动脉假性动脉瘤破裂出血创伤小、安全有效,可在封堵颈动脉破口的同时恢复头颈部正常血供,并发症少。但仍需更大样本量临床研究证实,进一步观察远期疗效。     

外伤性急性主动脉损伤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨外伤性急性主动脉损伤的多层螺旋CT表现.方法 回顾分析15例经多层螺旋CT诊断、并经手术证实的主动脉损伤的CT表现.15例中男12例,女3例,年龄24～70岁.结果 13例外伤性动脉损伤位于主动脉弓峡部,其中5例为主动脉内膜撕裂,多层螺旋CT增强表现为血管腔内游离的内膜片.8例为血管壁全层破裂伴纵隔内及主动脉周围积血,两侧胸腔积血,多层螺旋CT增强表现为管腔局部突出伴周围血肿形成.1例位于胸腹主动脉交界处,1例位于胸动脉降部,均为主动脉全层破裂伴假性动脉瘤形成.结论 多层螺旋CT能准确、快速、方便地诊断外伤性主动脉壁损伤伴动脉管壁破裂后假性动脉瘤形成.     

外伤性颈内动脉动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的：探讨外伤性颈内动脉动脉瘤介入治疗技术。方法：回顾性分析4例颈内动脉假性动脉瘤,1例蛇形动脉瘤,1例颈内动脉颈段巨大动脉瘤（直径〉25mm）,1例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘并发假性动脉瘤的介入治疗,其中后者采用可脱性球囊、带膜血管内支架介入治疗的方法。结果：5例一次性闭塞颈内动脉,1例颈内动脉颈段的巨大动脉瘤行带膜内支架治疗,保持了颈内动脉通畅,旷置了动脉瘤。另1例海绵窦的假性动脉瘤行球囊栓塞时,球囊滑入假性动脉瘤腔,术中出现鼻腔大出血,经抢救治疗后二次行球囊栓塞闭塞颈内动脉。结论：外伤性颈内动脉动脉瘤的介入治疗效果好、风险小、微创、并发症少。     

周围大血管外伤性假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

外伤性假性动脉瘤是血管损伤后所造成的一种严重并发症 ,好发于四肢动脉。传统的治疗方法以外科手术为主[1,2 ] 。近来介入治疗外伤性假性动脉瘤因其具有微创、快捷、安全、见效快的优点 ,为血管内疾病的治疗开辟了一条新途径 ,主要见于胸主动脉、腹主动脉假性动脉瘤的带膜支架     

颅底动脉损伤的介入治疗

目的 探讨多种血管腔内手段治疗颅底动脉损伤的临床价值.方法 2004年10月至2007年5月间我院收治各类型颅底动脉损伤患者共53例,均有头颈部外伤史.主要症状为搏动性突眼和颅内血管杂音(39例)、声嘶或吞咽不适(9例)、鼻出血(5例)等;DSA检查证实颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavemous fistulae,CCF)39例,颈内动脉假性动脉瘤14例;针对上述53例患者不同的病变特点采用不同的血管腔内治疗,并通过电话或门诊随访.结果 对53例患者56支颈内动脉进行了腔内介入治疗,采用单纯可脱球囊栓塞治疗CCF'33例34支血管,可脱球囊联合弹簧圈栓塞3例,植入覆膜支架封堵CCF3例;采用单纯可脱球囊闭塞颈内动脉治疗假性动脉瘤8例,可脱球囊联合弹簧圈孤立假性动脉瘤2例,植入覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗4例;平均随访时间9.5个月(2～25个月),85%(45/53)患者主诉症状于6个月内消失,12个月随访15%(8/53)患者遗留眼球运动受限或视力障碍.复查显示存在假性动脉瘤6例,残瘘3例,其中2例因海绵窦区的硬脑膜动静脉瘘而分别于术后第2、3个月行再次介入治疗.结论 对各型颅底动脉损伤,血管腔内介入治疗创伤小且安全有效.尽管存在缺陷,可脱球囊仍是治疗CCF和颈动脉假性动脉瘤的首选方法,在特殊情况下必需联合应用弹簧圈栓塞和覆膜支架植入等多种治疗手段.     

Arterial injuries in transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma; the role of angiography and endovascular treatment.

PURPOSETo define the role of angiography and embolization in the treatment of patients who have arterial injuries during transsphenoidal surgery.METHODSWe retrospectively studied the arterial hemorrhagic complications, their management, and the clinical outcomes that occurred in 21 of the more than 1800 patients who had transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.RESULTSOf the 21 patients who had complications, 17 had internal carotid injuries and four had injuries of the sphenopalatine artery. Angiography was performed in 18 patients. Bleeding occurred and was controlled during surgery in 16 cases. Delayed epistaxis occurred in 10 patients, including five whose surgery was uneventful. After internal carotid injury, the most frequent angiographic findings were carotid occlusion (eight patients), stenosis (five patients), and false aneurysms (three patients). Internal carotid balloon occlusion was performed in five patients. No rebleeding occurred in patients who had complete carotid occlusion either from surgical packing or balloon embolization. Two of the patients who had carotid stenosis after surgical packing had delayed epistaxis necessitating balloon occlusion. Injuries to the sphenopalatine artery were successfully treated by surgery (one patient) or by endovascular treatment (three patients) without complication. Three deaths and five permanent deficits were directly related to the arterial injury or its treatment.CONCLUSIONProfuse bleeding during and after transsphenoidal surgery should be investigated by angiography. Lesions of the sphenopalatine arteries are effectively treated by embolization. Internal carotid injuries are best treated by carotid infusion to prevent life-threatening epistaxis.     

血管内介入治疗头颈部创伤性血管损伤

目的 评估血管内介入治疗颈部外伤性血管损伤的治疗效果.方法 回顾血管内介入治疗外伤性颈动脉或椎动脉损伤16例,分析其临床及影像表现,血管内介入治疗(栓塞或支架植入)和预后.结果 16例患者中,男性14例,女性2例,年龄17～46岁.血管损伤的原因有车祸,摔伤,刀伤和斗殴.2例(12.5％)有多处损伤;12例假性动脉瘤,5例动静脉瘘,2例动脉破裂有活动性出血.共20处病变中,行栓塞治疗14处,支架植入6处.随访一年内,临床改善或稳定14例,1例支架完全闭塞,1例动静瘘复通.结论 合理采用血管内介入治疗头颈部创伤性血管损伤是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Crural Artery Traumatic Injuries: Treatment with Embolization

The purpose of this paper is to report our experience with the endovascular treatment of crural arterial injuries using transcatheter and direct embolization techniques. A total of eight consecutive patients have been treated during a 7-year period. Six males and two females, mean age 32 years (range, 15–56 years), presented with penetrating trauma to the lower extremities. Mechanisms of injuries were stab wounds in six patients, gun shot wound in one patient, and iatrogenic injury in one patient. Five patients presented with acute trauma, while three patients presented with delayed injuries. Crural arterial injuries encountered included pseudoaneurysms with arteriovenous fistulas (n = 6), pseudoaneurysms with vessel transections (n = 2), and pseudoaneurysm (n = 1). Proximal and distal embolization with coils was used in three cases, proximal embolization with coils in three cases, percutaneous thrombin injection in one case, and liquid n-butyl cyanoacrylate in one case. Complete exclusion of the lesions was accomplished by sacrifice of one crural vessel in seven cases and of two crural vessels in one case. Two cases of delayed injuries required combined coil and liquid embolization techniques for lesion exclusion. A minor complication (groin hematoma) occurred in one patient, no distal ischemia was seen, and no amputations were required. Mean follow-up was 61 days (range, 1–180 days). One pseudoaneurysm treated with thrombin injection recurred and required surgical excision. We conclude that transcatheter embolization alone or in combination with different endovascular techniques is useful in the treatment of traumatic crural vessel injuries.     

Interventional neurovascular treatment of traumatic carotid and vertebral artery lesions: results in 234 cases

Traumatic injuries to the head and neck that result in arteriovenous fistulae are often difficult to treat by direct surgical access. This is because of anatomic location, instability of the acutely injured patient, and difficulty in localizing the exact site of injury. Between 1974 and 1988, 234 consecutive cases of traumatic injuries to the carotid or vertebral artery were evaluated by our group for intravascular embolization therapy. This included 206 cases of direct and seven cases of indirect carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae and 21 cases of traumatic vertebral fistulae. A variety of devices including detachable balloons, liquid tissue adhesives, microcoils, and silk suture were used with the goal of fistula occlusion and preservation of the parent vessel. This was achieved in 193 cases (82%). In the remaining 41 cases (18%), the carotid or vertebral artery had to be occluded by endovascular occlusion techniques because of extensive vascular injury in 28 cases and subtotal occlusion of the fistula in 13 cases. Complications included transient cerebral ischemia in six cases, pseudoaneurysm formation in five cases, stroke in five cases, and peripheral nerve injury in one case. The development of interventional neurovascular techniques has altered the management of these acutely injured patients. The preferred method for treatment has shifted from direct surgical access under general anesthesia to endovascular therapy under local anesthesia.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的介入治疗及临床观察

目的探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法对18例假性动脉瘤患者(肝动脉瘤2例,肾动脉瘤4例,脾动脉瘤1例,胸主动脉2例,周围血管9例),采用不同方法治疗。6例置入带膜支架,10例采用明胶海绵栓塞或弹簧圈栓塞,1例采用部分动脉瘤内填塞加供血动脉栓塞治疗,1例股动脉穿孔型假瘤采用压迫法。结果技术成功率100%。17例动脉瘤闭塞,症状体征消失;1例胸主动脉假瘤出现内瘘;未出现其他并发症。结论介入方法治疗假性动脉瘤安全有效。     

医源性肾血管损伤的急诊血管内栓塞治疗

目的评价用介入技术治疗医源性肾血管损伤的安全性和疗效。方法对9例医源性肾血管损伤患者进行了超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗。损伤原因有行肾脏穿刺活检术后5例、血管内介入治疗术后2例、经皮穿刺右肾盂造瘘术后1例、肾脏肿瘤局部切除术后1例。临床表现有失血性休克7例、患侧剧烈腰痛7例、血尿8例;CT和超声波检查发现肾脏周围血肿8例。栓塞材料用微型钢丝圈7例、普通钢丝圈2例,同时用聚乙烯醇微球5例、用明胶海绵碎粒2例。结果选择性肾动脉造影显示肾实质内动静脉瘘6例、假性动脉瘤2例、肾实质血管破裂对比剂外溢1例。本组9例均栓塞成功;治疗结束时复查造影显示异常血管消失,正常分支保留。7例失血症状明显者,栓塞后经给予补充血容量、失血症状迅速改善;7例剧烈腰痛者,术后2～4d腰痛消失;血尿8例,术后2～14d消失。术后原有肾功能不全加重3例、新出现肾功能不全2例,其中2例接受血液透析治疗。超声复查显示肾周围血肿于2～4个月逐渐吸收。随访6～78个月(平均38个月),4例死于原发疾病,5例健在、未再针对肾脏损伤进行外科或介入治疗,未再发生出血,血肌酐、尿素测定属正常范围。结论经导管选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术是治疗医源性肾脏血管损伤的安全、有效方法。     

Endovascular Treatment in Emergency Setting of Acute Arterial Injuries After Orthopedic Surgery

Purpose

To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of emergency endovascular treatment of acute arterial injuries after orthopedic surgery.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen patients (mean age 68.3?years) with acute arterial injuries after orthopedic surgery were observed, in particular, 5 patients with pseudoaneurysm, 9 patients with active bleeding, and 1 patient with arterial dissection. Transarterial embolization (TAE) and positioning of covered and noncovered stents were the treatments performed. Follow-up after stent implantation (mean 36?months) was performed with color Doppler US (CDU) at 1, 3, 6, and 12?months and yearly thereafter. Plain X-ray was performed to evidence dislodgment or fracture of the graft. A minimum of 12?months?? follow-up is available after TAE.

Results

Immediate technical success was obtained in all cases. No major complications occurred. Overall clinical success rate was 100%. During mean follow-up, stent-graft occlusions did not occurred. No recurrence and/or consequence of TAE was registered during a minimum follow-up of 12?months.

Conclusions

Percutaneous treatment is a feasible and safe tool for treating arterial injuries because it can provide fast and definitive resolution of the damage. This low-invasiveness approach can be proposed as first-line treatment in patients with acute injuries after orthopedic surgery.     

覆膜血管内支架在外周动脉瘤和动静脉瘘中的应用

目的探讨覆膜血管内支架在外周动脉瘤及动静脉瘘中的临床应用疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2000年5月至2006年11月14例接受覆膜血管内支架治疗患者的临床资料。14例患者主要的血管病变为真性或假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘。结果覆膜血管内支架的置放技术成功率为100%,无严重并发症和围手术期死亡,术后临床症状明显改善。1例患者出现I型内漏,但临床症状仍有改善。平均随访时间10个月。随访期内除1例患者仍有内漏外余无内漏。未发现支架移位和狭窄等并发症。结论覆膜血管内支架治疗外周动脉瘤及动静脉瘘具有创伤小、疗效确切、安全等优点,短期随访效果满意。