乐山职业技术学院护理系1 266名女生月经情况调查

为了解我院女生月经问题的概况及探讨原因,于2006年5月采用问卷调查的方式对护理系大、中专女生的月经情况进行了调查.结果显示,月经初潮的高峰年龄为12周岁-13周岁,城镇女生初潮早于乡村女生;19.1%的女生初潮5年后尚未形成稳定的周期;27%的女生有中度或重度痛经,大专女生中度痛经率和中专女生重度痛经率均为城镇高于乡村.     

新疆阿勒泰地区哈萨克族女学生月经初潮状况的调查分析

本文对新疆阿勒泰地区中小学哈萨克族女学生358人进行了月经初潮年龄现况调查,同时调查了身高、体重与痛经状况的关系,为研究人群的发育水平,营养状况等提供参考。     

月经初潮年龄对壮族女大学生体型分布的影响

目的　探讨月经初潮年龄对女大学生体型分布的影响。方法　对 10 3名 2 0岁壮族女大学生的月经初潮年龄进行调查研究 ,并作Heath Carter体型分析。结果　得出 4个不同月经初潮年龄组的体型均值和 10 3名 2 0名壮族女大学生的体型均值 ,表明均为三胚中间型体型。结论　壮族女大学生的体型不受月经初潮年龄的影响。     

中职女生痛经与心理健康、应对方式、睡眠的关系

目的探讨中职女生痛经与心理健康、应对方式和睡眠状况的关系,为进一步干预提供科学依据。方法随机选择某中职卫校403名女生,用痛经情况问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对问卷(SCSQ)和睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)进行调查。结果中职女生痛经发生率为56.58%,农村、有痛经家族史、月经初潮年龄相对较大女生痛经发生率相对较高(χ2=5.653,33.426,9.931;P0.05);SCL-90评分,除强迫、敌对和精神病性因子外,其余各因子分和阳性项目数,痛经组均高于无痛经组(t=4.079,5.229,8.923,4.899,4.360,2.154,8.483;P0.05);痛经组SCSQ的积极应对维度分低于无痛经组,消极应对维度分和SRSS总分高于无痛经组(t=-14.186,15.315,7.400;P0.001)。结论中职女生痛经发生率较高,痛经家族史、初潮年龄和户籍与痛经有关联,痛经学生心理健康水平较低,多采用消极应对方式,睡眠状况较差。     

8—15岁健康女性儿童性征的调查

本文调查326名8～15岁健康女性儿童的乳房发育程度、月经初潮和阴毛开始生长年龄.结果表明:乳房发育的高峰年龄为10岁、13岁和14岁.最早发育年龄为8岁,10岁时近半数已开始发育,其中约有20%达Ⅲ度.13～15岁时约有80～90%已开始发育,并有80%以上发育为Ⅲ度,约5%发育为Ⅳ度.月经初潮一般在13～15岁之间,平均年龄为14.07岁,最早的开始于10岁.     

残角子宫过期妊娠死胎1例

残角子宫过期妊娠死胎１例解放军第一六五医院（衡阳，４２１００２）刘秋华病例报告患者２４岁，妊娠４６＋周、自觉停止胎动２４天，于９２年元月１３日入院。平素身体健康，月经初潮１８岁，月经规律，有轻度痛经史。末次月经１９９１年２月１１日，预产期１９９１年１...     

月经初潮发生的季节性分布规律初探

本文从气候与月经初潮发生的关系,探讨了气候对人体的影响,通过对全国21个城市,总人数为19824人的调检分析表明:女子月经初潮发生有明显的季节性分布特点,一年之中有两个高峰,一般都在冬季的二月和夏季的八月,由此说明初潮发生与气候有着某种规律性的联系,气候因子作用于机体感受器,通过下丘脑影响甲状腺、性腺、肾上腺等内分泌活动,最终影响机体代谢和生长发育,此外胰岛素分泌、肝脏代谢水平都受气候的影响。月经初潮的发生是人体生长发育的重要标志,气候因子作为一种外因,促成了月经初潮的发生,     

福建闽南汉族女性指长比与月经初潮年龄的相关性

目的:探讨福建闽南地区汉族女性指长比与月经初潮年龄的相关性。方法:抽取福建闽南地区(漳州、厦门、泉州)726例汉族女性(18～20岁在校女性大学生),采用问卷调查了解其月经初潮年龄;采用扫描后直接测量法测其左右手指长,计算各手指比,分析指长比与月经初潮年龄的相关性。结果:汉族女性第2～5手指长平均值(mm)左、右侧分别为65.11、72.3,67.17、52.68;65.16、72.1,67.14、52.92。指长比均表现为3D∶5D4D∶5D2D∶5D3D∶4D2D∶4D2D∶3D。左手2D∶4D(P0.05)与月经初潮年龄存在正相关;其余指长比(2D∶3D、2D∶5D、3D∶4D、3D∶5D、4D∶5D)与月经初潮年龄无相关性。结论:福建闽南地区汉族女性左手(2D∶4D)高指长比可能与月经初潮延迟有相关性。     

维吾尔族8—15岁女性儿童性征的调查

目的 了解维吾尔族女性性征发育特点,为研究人群发育水平提供形态学资料。方法 调查４６７名８－１５岁健康女性儿童的乳房发育程度,月经初潮以及阴毛和腋毛生长年龄。结果 经统计表明维吾尔族女性乳房发育高峰年龄为１０－１３岁,最早发育年龄为８岁,１０－１１岁时３５％－６６％已开始发育,其中约２０－２４％达Ⅲ度,１３－１５岁时１００％已开始发育,其中约２５％－５５％达Ⅳ度。     

双侧残角子宫伴宫腔积血误诊卵巢瘤蒂扭转1例

患者18岁,未婚,因下腹部隐痛24天,B超发现盆腔一肿物1天为主诉于1994年6月4日入院。入院前月经来潮4次,初潮93年11月10日,经期4天,量中,色红,无痛经,停经4个月于94年3月10日第2次月经来潮,经期同前,经量少于初潮,伴痛经,以后2次月经按月来潮,量少,色暗红,痛经进行性加重。未次月经94年5月10日经期4天干净后下腹部持续性隐痛,无恶心,呕吐,无发热,大小便正常,在当地医疗站治疗4天无效求诊我院。 检查:体温37℃,脉搏84次/分,呼吸21次/分,血压12/9Kpa,一般情况好,心肺未见异常,腹软,无压痛及反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及。妇科情     

Dynamic and static measures of growth among pre- and postmenarcheal females in rural Bangladesh

Height and weight for age and height and weight velocity are examined in a sample of Bangladeshi adolescents aged 10–20 years with an average age at menarche of 15.8 years. Interpopulation differences between pre- and postmenarcheal girls are assessed and age patterns are compared to standards of U.S. and British adolescents. Bangladeshi adolescents are shorter and lighter for their age and lighter for their height than are U.S. adolescents. The growth spurt in height and weight is delayed and spread out over time, and growth rates are lower throughout the spurt when compared to British and U.S. girls. As in developed countries, most girls attain menarche after peak height velocity, while weight gain per year is highest around the time of menarche. There is no significant relationship between age at menarche and height or weight at menarche.     

Age at menarche and postmenarcheal growth in rural Bangladeshi females

This study examines the role of chronological age and time since menarche (TSM) as determinants of postmenarcheal growth in height and weight in a chronically malnourished population of rural Bangladeshi females aged 10-20 years. Height and weight measurements were collected for 12 months from 290 postmenarcheal girls, with known times since menarche, and on 118 girls who reached menarche during the one year follow-up. Two stage regression analysis was employed to study the relationship of age and time since menarche to postmenarcheal growth in height and weight, while adjusting for socioeconomic status. TSM is a more important determinant of postmenarcheal growth in height and weight than is age. For postmenarcheal growth in weight, the regression coefficient for TSM is six times greater then the coefficient for age. The effect of TSM was twice as strong as the age effect for postmenarcheal growth in height. Age has a statistically significant negative influence on statural growth and weight gain, but its practical effect on weight gain is small. An interaction between TSM and age suggests that TSM does not have the same implications for biological maturity for all ages at menarche. Findings demonstrate that Bangladeshi adolescents are still in active growth in height and weight into their late teens and past 20 years in some girls. This extended growth period may pose increased health risks to young mothers and their offspring.     

A Monte Carlo test of weight as a critical factor in menarche, compared with bone age and measures of height, width, and sexual development

The correlation coefficients for each of nine traits measured at menarche (bone age, pubic hair and breast stages, and five physical measurements) have been calculated. These have been compared with the corresponding correlation coefficients obtained by using a Monte Carlo technique, where the ages of menarche are randomly redistributed over the sample. The difference between the random and actual results are most pronounced for bone age, sitting height and the development of pubic hair and breasts, showing that these characteristics may indeed be critically related to menarche, while the same differences for weight, height, sitting height/height, and biacromial and bi-iliocristal diameters show that these latter are only moderately related to menarche. These results do not support the exclusivity of body weight as a critical factor in menarche (critical body weight hypothesis).     

A Monte Carlo test of weight as a critical factor in menarche,compared with bone age and measures of height,width, and sexual development

The correlation coefficients for each of nine traits measured at menarche (bone age, public hair and breast stages, and five physical measurements) have been calculated. These have been compared with the corresponding correlation coefficients obtained by using a Monte Carlo technique, where the ages of menarche are randomly redistributed over the sample.

The difference between the random and actual results are most pronounced for bone age, sitting height and the development of public hair and breasts, showing that these characteristics may indeed be critically related to menarche, while the same differences for weight, height, sitting height/height, and biacromial and bi-iliocristal diameters show that these latter are only moderately related to menarche.

These results do not support the exclusivity of body weight as a critical factor in menarche (critical body weight hypothesis).     

Height, weight and menarcheal age of adolescent girls in Oman

A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 683 school girls aged 11.5-18.5 years in Oman, in order to assess their physical growth. Height, weight and age at menarche were measured. Results showed that median height and weight of Omani girls fluctuates between 25th and 5th percentiles and 25th and 10th percentiles of the North American reference standard (NCHS), respectively. The mean age at menarche was 13.3 +/- 0.09 years. In general Omani girls are shorter and lighter than girls of similar age in other Arabian Gulf countries (Bahrain and Kuwait).     

Lack of linkage between height and weight and age at menarche during the secular shift in growth of Japanese children

During the past century, Japanese children have shown a most dramatic secular trend toward earlier menarche and accelerated tempo of growth. In order to assess the inter-relationship between these dual secular trends, we analysed the data on height and weight measurements of Japanese children, collected by the Japanese Ministry of Education in the years from 1900 through 1986, with reference to various retrospective studies on the age of menarche among Japanese. Between 1950 and 1983, both the mean height and weight at menarche varied significantly but percentage of the mean height achieved at menarcheal age, as compared with the mature height, remained relatively stable at approximately 95%. The results indicate that the secular trend toward earlier menarche reflects largely, if not solely, the secular change in tempo of physical growth in Japanese children.     

Age at menarche: Relationships to socioeconomic status,growth rate in stature and weight,and skeletal and sexual maturation

A sample of 114 girls from low-middle and highest socioeconomic levels of Istanbul were followed at 6-month intervals for 7–9 years during adolescence. Results pertaining to age of menarche and its relationship to growth and maturation are presented. No significant difference was found for the occurrence of menarche in relation to season. The age of menarche was 6.6 months earlier in daughters compared to their mothers, but the variation between mothers and daughters was great. In the lower socioeconimic class, age of menarche was significantly later, 12.5 years in the high and 13.4 years in the lower class. Later menarche in the lower class was related to lower rates of growth in stature and weight, and of skeletal and sexual maturation. There was no significant correlation between age at menarche and stature and weight attained at menarche. Those with a faster rate of growth reached menarche early and the height velocity continued to be faster. The median stages of secondary sexual characteristics at menarche were 4 for breast and pubic hair, and 3 for axillary hair. The stage of development at menarche did not differ significantly with age of menarche and social class. Menarche occurred 2.4 years after the appearance of pubic hair, 2.0 years after the appearance of the breast bud, and 1.4 years after the appearance of axillary hair, and the ages at which the secondary sexual characters appeared correlated significantly with the age of menarche. Skeletal age at menarche was 13.0 ± 0.69 years. Age of menarche correlated best with the age at which fusion of the second and first distal phalanges occurred. The percentage of adult height attained at menarche correlated significantly with the age of menarche. Regression equations and standard errors are presented to aid in the prediction of the age at menarche from other variables related to menarche.     

Comments on the critical metabolic mass and the age of menarche.

Data from Frisch and Revelle (1971) and Frisch et al. (1973) are used to show that some of their biological conclusions relating body composition to age at menarche follow directly from arithmetical operations on the two observed items of information: weight and height. This emphasizes the dangers of drawing biological conclusions from derived, as opposed to observed, data. The hypothesis that an age-unrelated critical body weight triggers off menarche is examined in relation to preliminary data from a longitudinal study of adolescent girls. It is unacceptable because: (a) mean weights at menarche showed an upward trend with increasing age; (b) for given body weights the proportion of girls starting to menstruate increased with age; (c) at all ages the variation of body weight at menarche was as large as that among non-menstruating girls: (d) only 41 per cent of girls started to menstruate at weights 48 +/- 5 kg; and (e) eleven of the 20 girls whose weight exceeded 48 kg at the age 10-5-11 years did not start to menstruate although 1-1-5 years had elapsed since they attained the "critical" weight. Although no direct body composition data are presented the behaviour of skinfold suggests that body composition is unlikely to be the primary trigger of menarche.     

The relation of menarcheal age to anthropometric profiles in Korean girls

The aim of this study was to represent the trend of early menarche and to assess the association of age at menarche with anthropometric profiles of Korean children and adolescents. A cross sectional survey was conducted with 13,371 girls aged 10 to 18 yr, recruited nationwide from April, 2005 to March, 2006. Height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects were measured; and the subjects self-reported their ages at menarche. We found that the menarcheal girls were taller (P<0.05 for the girls between 10 and 14 yr) and heavier (P<0.05 for the girls between 10 and 18 yr) than non-menarcheal ones. Menarcheal girls also showed higher body mass index (BMI), and greater waist circumference than non-menarcheal ones. Significant differences were represented according to the age at menarche in terms of BMI, waist circumference, % body fat mass, waist hip ratio and neck circumference as well as height and weight (P<0.05). In conclusion, girls who matured early were taller and heavier in early adolescence than those who matured later.