伊柔抗皱紧肤霜的功效性评价

目的：对伊柔抗皱紧肤霜功效进行评价。方法：采用体外称重法对该制剂进行保湿性和吸湿性试验;采用粗糙度试验与皮肤划痕试验,考察细腻度和对大白鼠皮肤愈合作用。结果：本品对皮肤有一定的保湿性和愈合修复作用,并有良好的抗皱效果。结论：该制剂安全、有效、功效明显。     

浒苔粗多糖化妆品开发潜力研究

目的研究浒苔粗提多糖作为化妆品的开发潜力。方法经水提乙醇沉淀得到浒苔粗多糖,测定其抗氧化性、保湿性吸湿性及防晒效果。结果浒苔多糖在抗氧化,吸湿保湿性和防晒方面均有较好作用。抗氧化方面,浒苔多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率在浓度为1.5mg/mL时高达92.11%,对羟自由基的清除率在浓度为3mg/mL达到83.40%;保湿吸湿方面,多糖的吸湿性在湿度为55%和85%时均明显优于甘油和商品化爽肤水(千纤草丝瓜水),多糖与甘油1∶1混合时在湿度43%和55%时保湿效果最好;防晒方面,0.4mg/mL多糖防晒效果优于商品化防晒隔离水(防晒系数30+的曼秀雷敦新碧户外骄阳防晒喷雾)。结论浒苔多糖具开发为化...     

硫酸氨基葡萄糖吸湿性研究

目的对硫酸氨基葡萄糖进行吸湿性研究。方法应用静态法在5℃,30℃条件下对硫酸氨基葡萄糖粉末进行了吸湿性研究,测定其平衡含水率,并绘制吸湿等温线。利用BET方程对实验结果进行回归分析,计算单层水分含量。结果30℃时,当aw超过0.43时,样品结块变色并开始失去其所吸附的水分,平衡含水量下降;5℃时的吸附等温线为经典的反S型,平衡含水量随水分活度的增加逐渐增加。30℃,5℃的单层水分含量分别为4.8633,5.5740g/100g。结论在5℃,30℃时应当将硫酸氨基葡萄糖分别保存在水分活度0.3056,0.2784以下。     

壳聚糖在药物制剂中的应用

壳聚糖是一种天然高分子化合物,具有优良的药剂辅料性质,如生物相容性、可降解性、吸附性、成膜性、通透性、成纤性、吸湿性和保湿性,而且本身有一定的抗菌、消炎、止血等药理作用,近年来在药物制剂中的应用越来越广泛.本文主要介绍了壳聚糖在各种新型制剂中的应用,旨在为进一步开发壳聚糖产品提供参考.     

低聚氨基葡萄糖的研制

在中性条件下采用双氧水对脱乙酰壳多糖进行氧化降解,制备了分子量为１０００左右的药用低聚氨基葡萄糖。讨论了不同的双氧水浓度,配比,温度和反应时间对降解反应的影响,并用傅立叶红外分析表征了产物的结构。     

黑曲霉发酵生产壳聚糖

壳聚糖又称可溶性甲壳质,是一种天然的阳离子型直链氨基生物多糖,在自然界中广泛存在于低等菌类、藻类的细胞及节肢动物虾、蟹、昆虫的外壳中。壳聚糖有很好的吸附性、成膜性、通透性、成纤性、吸湿性和保湿性,广泛应用于食品、医药、水处理、纺织等众多领域。目前,工业生产壳聚糖通常从虾、蟹壳中提取,但虾、蟹壳的来源受到各种因素的限制。     

透明质酸的性质及制备方法

透明质酸是以D-葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖为结构单元连接成的一种粘多糖。其特有的粘弹性及保湿性已被广泛应用于医药和化妆品中。其生物提取法通过将结缔组织解体、匀浆、除杂、沉淀、解离和浓缩等步骤进行。细菌培养法则是由链球菌属微生物经发酵、除杂、浓缩等过程获得透明质酸。     

乳糖和甘露醇对骨疏灵颗粒吸湿性的影响

目的 考察以乳糖、甘露醇为辅料对骨疏灵颗粒吸湿性和成型性的影响.方法 考察单一辅料和混合辅料对骨疏灵颗粒的成型性、吸湿性的影响,采用单因素试验优选浸膏与辅料的配比.结果 综合吸湿性、成型性和制粒难易程度,以浸膏与混合辅料(乳糖、甘露醇比例为4∶1)1∶2的比例防潮效果最好.结论 乳糖和甘露醇通过适当配比能明显降低骨疏灵颗粒的吸湿性,提高成型性.     

丝素蛋白的相关生物学性能研究

目的:检测丝素蛋白的各项生物学性能,为开发丝素蛋白的医药价值提供依据.方法:通过人工方法将丝素蛋白制成丝素肽、350 nm丝素粉、3 μm丝素粉、大分子质量丝素肽和纳米丝素粉(＜100 nm)5种不同分子质量、不同大小的颗粒,配制相应的溶液.利用平板菌落计数法、吸光度法、饱和碳酸钙溶液吸湿率法、致敏接触及激发接触法分别检测丝素蛋白的抑菌活性、抗紫外线能力、吸湿性、保湿性及皮肤致敏性.结果:5种丝素蛋白溶液均有一定抑菌性,除350 nm丝素粉外,其余丝素蛋白样品溶液对大肠杆菌的生长抑制效果优于对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制效果.经紫外线照射1h后,丝素肽、3 μm丝素粉、大分子质量丝素肽的紫外线吸收仍较强.大分子质量丝素肽和丝素肽的吸湿能力较好,48 h吸湿率分别为44.78%和35.30%.3μm丝素粉和丝素肽的保湿能力更强,48 h保湿率分别为82.29%和78.91%.丝素蛋白液对豚鼠皮肤均无致敏性.结论:丝素蛋白的生物学性能可望在医药领域得到更深、更广地开发和利用.     

水溶性壳聚糖衍生物的吸湿、保湿性能研究

目的探讨水溶性壳聚糖衍生物的吸湿、保湿性能。方法以透明质酸（HA）为对照样品,称量法测定样品的吸湿率,水分残存率。研究壳聚糖季铵类衍生物羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖（HACC）、羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）和羧甲基甲壳素（CM—Chitin）等水溶性的壳聚糖衍生物的吸湿、保湿性能。结果44h后HACC、CMCS、CM．Chitin及HA在相对湿度RH43％条件下的吸湿率分别为29．0％。22．4％,21．3％,14．2％;在RH81％条件下的它们吸湿率分别为44．3％,26．0％,28．4％。44．5％;在相对湿度RH43％条件下的水分残存率分别为382．9％．262．7％,242．6％,149．0％;在干硅胶条件下的水分残存率分别为67．4％,53．4％,54．9％,25．0％。结论表明HACC的吸湿性、保湿性能均优于HA;CMCS及CM．Chitin的吸湿性能低干HA,但保湿性能均优于HA。     

壳聚糖复合膜剂的制备及性能研究

目的 制备物理性能良好的壳聚糖（CTS）复合膜.方法 将壳聚糖与明胶、可溶性淀粉、聚乙烯醇等3种不同材料共混成膜,使用甘油或聚乙二醇600（PEG600）为增塑剂,探讨所得膜的保湿性能、吸湿性能和水蒸气透过性能的变化规律.结果 含量为20%的增塑剂均能达到较好的保湿性能和水蒸气透过率,且大多数情况下,甘油的增塑效果优于PEG.吸湿性能方面,CTS-淀粉复合膜与其它复合膜有些不同,随增塑剂含量增加,吸湿率有极大值出现.结论 壳聚糖与其它水溶性高分子材料复合成膜后,其综合性能均有所提高.     

Suitability of differently formulated dry powder Newcastle disease vaccines for mass vaccination of poultry

Dry powders containing a live-attenuated Newcastle disease vaccine (LZ58 strain) and intended for mass vaccination of poultry were prepared by spray drying using mannitol in combination with trehalose or inositol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or bovine serum albumin (BSA) as stabilizers. These powders were evaluated for vaccine stabilizing capacity during production and storage (at 6 °C and 25 °C), moisture content, hygroscopicity and dry powder dispersibility. A mixture design, varying the ratio of mannitol, inositol and BSA, was used to select the stabilizer combination which resulted in the desired powder properties (i.e. good vaccine stability during production and storage, low moisture content and hygroscopicity and good dry dispersibility). Inositol-containing powders had the same vaccine stabilizing capacity as trehalose powders, but were less hygroscopic. Incorporation of BSA enhanced the vaccine stability in the powders compared to PVP-containing formulations. However, increasing the BSA concentration increased the hygroscopicity and reduced the dry dispersibility of the powder. No valid mathematical model could be calculated for vaccine stability during production or storage, but the individual experiments indicated that a formulation combining mannitol, inositol and BSA in a ratio of 73.3:13.3:13.3 (wt/wt) resulted in the lowest vaccine titre loss during production (1.6-2.0 log(10) 50% egg infectious dose (EID(50)) and storage at 6 °C (max. 0.8 log(10) EID(50) after 6 months) in combination with a low moisture content (1.1-1.4%), low hygroscopicity (1.9-2.1% water uptake at 60% relative humidity) and good dry dispersibility properties.     

基于多元数据分析研究中药制剂原料吸湿性与其他物理特性的相关性

测定16种中药制剂原料的吸湿特性参数和物理特性参数,采用主成分分析和偏最小二乘回归分析中药制剂原料的吸湿行为以及中药制剂原料的吸湿性与其他物理特性的关系。结果表明,含水量、粒径分布、水溶特性和黏聚力与平衡吸湿量、吸湿初速度、吸湿加速度均有较好的相关关系。其中平衡吸湿量与含水量、粒径分布、水溶特性和黏聚力呈正相关;吸湿初速度与含水量、粒径分布、凸起度呈负相关,与水溶特性和黏聚力呈正相关;吸湿加速度与含水量、粒径分布呈正相关,与水溶特性和黏聚力呈负相关。从物理因素角度分析了中药制剂原料的吸湿特性。     

甲钴胺的引湿性探讨

目的：了解甲钴胺的引湿特性,探讨化学对照品使用和贮存中应注意的问题。方法：采用动态水分吸附分析技术（DVS）研究甲钴胺在不同湿度条件下吸收水分的趋势和程度,以容量滴定法测定其水分的均匀性。结果：甲钴胺具有引湿性,且在一定湿度条件下吸水后仍具有较强的引湿性。结论：本研究为确定甲钴胺适宜的分装条件、包装用瓶和使用方式等提供了数据支持和参考依据。     

辅料和粒径对黄芪浸膏吸湿性的影响

目的 研究辅料和黄芪浸膏粒径大小等因素对其吸湿性的影响。方法 制备粒径为50~65目,65~80目,80~100目,100~120目,120~150目之间的黄芪浸膏,进行吸湿动力学测试和临界相对湿度测定;向黄芪浸膏中添加不同辅料,并研究辅料种类及用量对浸膏吸湿性的影响。结果 浸膏粒径和辅料种类对黄芪浸膏吸湿性有明显的影响。结论 粒径较大的黄芪浸膏临界相对湿度较大,吸湿性较差;黄芪浸膏与16种辅料混合,最佳防潮辅料为乳糖,且乳糖的添加量对浸膏吸湿性有明显的影响。     

Preformulation Studies and Characterization of Proposed Chondroprotective Agents: Glucosamine HCl and Chondroitin Sulfate

Purpose: Glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate are proposed chondroprotective agents commonly used as dietary supplements. This study examined the physicochemical and mechanical properties of chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine HCl powder, and glucosamine HCl granulation obtained from various sources. Methods: The particle size distributions of the materials were determined using sieve analysis and time-of-flight techniques. Polarized light microscopy was used to examine particle morphology. Powder x-ray diffraction studies, moisture sorption isotherms, deformation behavior, powder flow, and compaction characteristics were also investigated. The polarized light microscopy and x-ray diffraction patterns showed that chondroitin sulfate is amorphous while glucosamine HCl is crystalline. Particle sizes of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine HCl varied widely, depending on their source or manufacturing technique (e.g., granulation). The studied samples of shark-derived chondroitin sulfate had a small median particle size (4 μm) compared to that derived from bovine cartilage (17 μm). Different moisture sorption profiles were obtained for the glucosamine HCl granulations studied. Glucosamine HCl granulation from Supplier I showed no observable moisture sorption, while the granulation from Supplier II showed an approximately 5% weight gain. Conversely, chondroitin sulfate was extremely hygroscopic and deliquescent. The Carr's indices for glucosamine HCl samples ranged from 12.5 to 31.5; for chondroitin sulfate the values were 25.2 and 53.6. The compression analysis showed that all chondroitin sulfate samples exhibited plastic deformation behavior, with the shark-derived chondroitin sulfate forming superior compacts when compared to the bovine. The dominant mechanism of compression of glucosamine HCl powder was brittle fracture, whereas wet granulated glucosamine HCl exhibited plastic deformation with enhanced mechanical strength. Conclusions: The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics between the various dietary supplements studied varied greatly. Data obtained from this study provide an understanding of the physicomechanical behavior of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine HCl. Application of this knowledge would facilitate development of stable solid dosage forms containing these materials.     

Preformulation studies and characterization of proposed chondroprotective agents: glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate

PURPOSE: Glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate are proposed chondroprotective agents commonly used as dietary supplements. This study examined the physicochemical and mechanical properties of chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine HCl powder, and glucosamine HCl granulation obtained from various sources. METHODS: The particle size distributions of the materials were determined using sieve analysis and time-of-flight techniques. Polarized light microscopy was used to examine particle morphology. Powder x-ray diffraction studies, moisture sorption isotherms, deformation behavior, powder flow, and compaction characteristics were also investigated. The polarized light microscopy and x-ray diffraction patterns showed that chondroitin sulfate is amorphous while glucosamine HCl is crystalline. Particle sizes of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine HCl varied widely, depending on their source or manufacturing technique (e.g., granulation). The studied samples of shark-derived chondroitin sulfate had a small median particle size (4 microns) compared to that derived from bovine cartilage (17 microns). Different moisture sorption profiles were obtained for the glucosamine HCl granulations studied. Glucosamine HCl granulation from Supplier I showed no observable moisture sorption, while the granulation from Supplier II showed an approximately 5% weight gain. Conversely, chondroitin sulfate was extremely hygroscopic and deliquescent. The Carr's indices for glucosamine HCl samples ranged from 12.5 to 31.5; for chondroitin sulfate the values were 25.2 and 53.6. The compression analysis showed that all chondroitin sulfate samples exhibited plastic deformation behavior, with the shark-derived chondroitin sulfate forming superior compacts when compared to the bovine. The dominant mechanism of compression of glucosamine HCl powder was brittle fracture, whereas wet granulated glucosamine HCl exhibited plastic deformation with enhanced mechanical strength. CONCLUSIONS: The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics between the various dietary supplements studied varied greatly. Data obtained from this study provide an understanding of the physicomechanical behavior of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine HCl. Application of this knowledge would facilitate development of stable solid dosage forms containing these materials.     

阿莫沙平马来酸盐混粉吸湿性研究

目的:对阿莫沙平马来酸盐直接压片混粉进行吸湿性研究,为粉末直接压片工艺的推广提供依据。方法:取阿莫沙平马来酸盐混粉置于不同相对湿度(31%、43%、75%和92.5%)环境中,通过测定不同时间吸湿增重得到吸湿平衡时间并计算吸湿率,绘制吸湿平衡曲线得到临界相对湿度。结果:阿莫沙平马来酸盐混粉临界相对湿度为75%,其吸湿平衡时间为3d。结论:本研究为粉末直接压片工艺的工业化生产控制合理的相对环境湿度及工艺的推广提供了科学依据。     

香桂化浊胶囊成型工艺研究

目的:确定香桂化浊胶囊的成型工艺条件。方法:用单因素试验考察成型性、休止角、吸湿性,以确定乙醇浓度、制粒目数、临界相对湿度等成型工艺指标。结果:选定85%乙醇为润湿剂,制40目颗粒,装0号胶囊,平均装量0.39g,临界相对湿度为57%。结论:该工艺稳定、合理,可为工业化生产提供可靠依据。     

化学药品对照品的吸湿性、溶解性与比表面积相关性研究

目的 初步研究药物(化学药品对照品)吸湿性溶解性与其比表面积的相关性,为药物制备工艺和防潮技术提供参考。方法 分析《化学药品对照品图谱集—动态水分吸附》中631种药物的水分吸附动力学图,把图中RH80%放180 min的最大吸湿率(质量变化率)、比表面积、水溶性、乙醇溶解性输入excel表,分析平均吸湿率、平均比表面积、水溶性、乙醇溶解性、水和乙醇中相同溶解性的相关性;分析极具引湿性药物的吸湿官能团及放湿情况;初步比较不同吸湿官能团的吸湿性强弱。结果 631种药物比表面积为0.00~396.11 m_².g_^-1、吸湿率为0.02%~81.00%。药物平均吸湿率与平均比表面积、水溶性、吸湿官能团均正相关,与乙醇溶解性、水和乙醇相同溶解性的相关性较复杂。吸湿官能团可能包括氨基、羟基、羧基、钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、硅酸铝、寡糖等20种,药物吸湿后在低相对湿度环境中会发生不放湿、部分放湿、完全放湿等现象。药物溶解性与平均比表面积关系：水中略溶以上负相关,以下正相关;乙醇中微溶以上不相关,以下负相关。结论 化学药品对照品的吸湿性溶解性与比表面积具有相关性,为药物防潮工艺和难溶性药物溶出度提高技术提供参考。