Chronobiological characteristics of the activity of the cellular genetic apparatus in surviving sections of rat brain

Diurnal variation of the incorporation of labeled precursors of RNA and proteins into spinal, stem, and cortical populations from the nervous system of rats is studied on surviving sections of the brain. It is shown that in the absence of an effect of other parts of the nervous system, afferentation, and humoral factors isolated nerve cell populations preserve the diurnal rhythm of activity of the genetic apparatus that correlates with the motor activity and the light reception (light-dark cycle) of animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 645–647, June, 1994     

Effect of corticosterone on the macroergic pool and membrane permeability in sections of rat hippocampus

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 12, pp. 604–607, December, 1993     

Role of the connective tissue matrix in thermomechanical reactions of the aortic wall

Mechanical thermosensitivity of the aortic wall is studied using transverse and longitudinal preparations. The major contribution of the connective tissue matrix to the heat-induced contraction is demonstrated. Transverse preparations develop greater tension than longitudinal preparations. A model with two active elements is proposed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 357–360, March, 1997     

Electron microscopic characteristic of major types of acute damage to cardiomyocytes

The major (independent) types of acute damage to cardiomyocytes: myofibrillar contractures, intracellular myocytolysis, primary crumpy degradation, and cytolysis are characterized ultrastructurally. It is shown that dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the myocardium are mosaic, implying that prior to electron microscopic examination cardiomyocytes should be studied in polarized light. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 686–692, December, 1997     

Ultrastructural analysis of liver biopsy specimens in chronic hepatitis and hepatopathy

Three types of morphogenesis of a chronic general pathological process in the liver are distinguished: active hepatitis, hepatitis attended by a pronounced and early tendency toward sclerosis, and hepatopathy, a morphological phenotype of parenchymal dystrophy in the absence of a stromal inflammatory component, which is defined as a syndrome of regenerative-plastic insufficiency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 306–310, September, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural analysis and autoradiography of gastric mucosa bioptates in chronic active hepatitis

The results of gastrobiopsy are studied for a general pathological process in the liver. It is shown that the atrophic-sclerotic reactions predominating in the gastric mucosa are characterized by disturbances in the mucocyte ultrastructure attended by a reduction of cytoplasmic organelles, a marked decrease of biosynthesis in parenchymatous cells, and stroma collagenization, which is a systemic manifestation of regenerative-plastic insufficiency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 190–193, August, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Complex analysis of efficiency of transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue to rats with hemiparkinsonism

Effect of transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon preparation containing dopaminergic neurons on repair of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system was studied in rats with hemiparkinsonism induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon into denervated striatum led to a more than 50% decrease in apomorphine-induced rotation, recovery of dopamine and DOPAC levels in the brain, and to an increase in DOPAC excretion and the DOPAC-dopamine ratio in daily urine of rats with hemiparkinsonism. Dopaminergic neurons of the transplant survived, forming a network of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive processes growing beyond the transplant and reinnervating the adjacent compartments of the striatum. A positive correlation between urinary excretion of DOPAC and brain concentration of dopamine was revealed in denervated rats after transplantation of ventral mesencephalon. Intrastriatal transplantation of cell preparations of embryonic striatum containing no dopaminergic neurons and isolated local injury to the striatum did not affect regeneration of the denervated nigrostratal system. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 665–670, December, 2000     

Texture analysis of foot sole soft tissue images in diabetic neuropathy using wavelet transform

The paper presents a new method of characterisation of texture changes in foot sole soft tissue ultrasound (US) images, as observed to occur in diabetic subjects, using wavelet transforms. US images of the soft tissue subcutaneous layer were taken with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer probe placed parallel to the skin surface. The foot sole hardness was characterised by Shore level. A 2D discrete wavelet transform was performed on the US images to extract features that encode the internal state of the foot sole soft tissue. The global energy feature computed at the output of each wavelet channel was found to achieve excellent delineation between the normal and the diabetic groups. An important finding was a strong correlation, in the order of 0.84 and above, between the feature values that reflect changes in the internal arrangement of the tissue, and the externally measurable hardening of the skin, characterised by the Shore levels, with the latter known to be high for diabetics. A comparison drawn between diabetic ulcer and non-ulcer groups established a change in the order of 122–311% in the textural parameter, as influenced by a corresponding 66.7–200% change in the respective Shore values. Thus US examination of foot sole soft tissue and its texture analysis may serve as sources of valuable information regarding the internal changes taking place with progressive hardening of the soft tissue and thereby help the clinician in taking appropriate preventive measures.     

Patterns of tissue transformation after transplantation

Transplantation of fetal tissue in clinical practice in Russia has a solid experimental basis. “Tissue-tissue” relationships that are phylo- and ontogenetically fixed as characteristic of all systems of organs have been described in studies of Zavarzinet al. The method of tissue culture in the organism that was developed by Lazarenko in 1934 makes it possible to study the patterns of growth and transformation of tissues and organs in the living organism. This method has been used in studies of epithelial tissues of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. Five stages of the transplantation process have been identified: tissue depression, activation, tissue growth and differentiation, the period of functional activity, and atrophy. All tissues, except for endocrine tissue, which can live for a long time without atrophy, go through these stages, but in each tissue this process is genetically determined. This paper is focused on the close “tissue-tissue” relationships and presents characteristics of all epithelial tissues. Special attention is paid to the anterior portion of the gastrointestinal system and to the endocrine glands originating from it: adenohypophysis, thyroid gland, and thymus. The contribution of a normally functioning endocrine system to the successful transplantation of ovarian and mammary tissue is also discussed. After transplantation, epithelial tissues are transformed and assimilated in the recipient's organism. This may provide a basis for a novel approach to the problem of the immunological responsiveness of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 341–349, April, 1994     

Comparative analysis of neuroprotective activity of new chemical agent Vp and piracetam

The effect of new agent Vp (9-butylamine-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroacridine-1(2H) hydrochloride) on lifetime of isolated mechanoreceptive crayfish neurons was evaluated by the duration of its impulse activity. Vp significantly and dose-dependently prolonged the lifetime of both spontaneously degrading neurons and neurons degrading under conditions of inhibition of various stages of the energy metabolism: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The effect of Vp in a concentration of 10⁻⁷ M surpassed that of amiridine. Piracetam also prolonged the lifetime of spontaneously degrading neurons, but only in very high concentration (10⁻² M). It is concluded that Vp possesses a neuroprotective activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 430–433, April, 2000     

Structural and metabolic analysis of gastric mucosa in gastropathies. Gastrobiopsy data

Bioptates of gastric mucosa are studied in gastropathies. Light and electron microscopic changes in the parenchymal and stromal compartments are described, and biosynthetic reactions and stereological parameters are evaluated, which are different in the fundal and pyloric regions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 228–232, August, 1996     

Computer analysis of microscopic picture of the adrenals in poisoning with organochlorine compounds

The area of the metabolic component of the microcirculatory bed decreases in the adrenal cortex of albino rats intoxicated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (a herbicide), as revealed by quantitative histochemical analysis. This decrease is paralleled by a decrease in the production of adrenal steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 666–668, December, 1998     

Quantitative morphological analysis of acute focal damage and myocardial infarction

Some approaches based on polarization microscopy and stereology are proposed for quantitative evaluation of acute dystrophic and necrotic lesions in the myocardium. It is shown that in sudden death and myocardial infarction the degree III contractures predominate in cardiomyocytes, while lumpy degradation of myofibrils under these conditions is half as often. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 112–115, January, 1998     

Preparation of paraffin sections for immunofluorescence analysis of antigens differing in their chemical nature

A technique is suggested for preparing paraffin sections from tissues fixed with acetone which can be used for the immunohistochemical detection of antigens which differ in their chemical nature, including -fetoprotein, antigens of mouse leukemia viruses, alcohol-soluble antigens of hepatocyte membranes, and certain phospholipids.Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 1018–1020, August, 1976.     

Atrophy of bronchial epithelium: Ultrastructural-metabolic analysis of the bronchial mucosa in chronic bronchitis

Complex morphological analysis of bronchial biopsy specimens shows two forms of the atrophic process in the bronchial mucosa: the primary dystrophic form, whose basis is the syndrome of regenerative-plastic insufficiency, and the primary inflammatory form developing at the end of chronic inflammation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, № 10, pp. 444–448, October, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural,radioautographic, and morphometric analysis of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis

Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from patients with chronic gastritis are examined. The dynamics of structural changes occurring during the development of chronic inflammation is demonstrated and the ultrastructural changes in the mucosa cell populations are described, which together with the radioautographic analysis of biosynthetic reactions and morphometric data characterizes the complex structural and functional rearrangements in the gastric mucosa. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 103–108, July, 1996     

Comparative analysis of the effects of adapromine, midantane, and bromantane on bioelectrical activity of rat brain

The adamantane derivatives adapromine, midantane, and bromantane modify bioelectrical activity of brain cortex and subcortical structures. Neurophysiological effects of these preparations indicate that they possess psychostimulating activity. The effect of bromantane on electrical potentials from left and right sensorimotor cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and lateral hypothalamus was stronger than that of adapromine and midantane. This effect was observed as greater quantitative changes in the characteristics of electroencephalogram and changes practically in all characteristics of the power spectrum of electroencephalogram. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 175–179, February, 1998     

Comparative pharmacological analysis of the M-cholinoreceptors inDaphnia and rats

The efficacy of M-cholinolytics in the prevention of the toxic effect of some cholinomimetics is comparatively assessed in experiments onDaphnia magna and albino rats. It is proposed that the M-cholinoreceptor population is heterogeneous inDaphnia as well as in rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 497–499, May, 1994 Presented by S. N. Golikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences