不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞免疫功能检测

为探讨不明原因感音经性聋患者红细胞功能，采用酵母菌花环试验对５０例不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞免疫功能进行检测，并与正常进行比较，结果显示：不明原因感音神经性聋患者红细胞Ｇ３ｂ受体花环率降低，红细胞免疫复合物花环率升高，且皆与正常组有显著性差异，提示不明原因的感音神经性聋患者有继发性红细胞免疫功能低下，可能与红细胞免疫调节功能紊乱有关。     

喉癌病人红细胞免疫功能初探（摘要）

喉癌病人红细胞免疫功能初探（摘要）李玉英，孙立群，谷京成对３８例喉癌病人（男２６，女１２）及３４例健康献血员，检测其红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和免疫复合物受体花环率（ＲＢＣ－ＩＣＲ），结果发现３８例喉癌病人ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ均值为１...     

喉癌患者红细胞免疫功能的检测

为观察喉癌患者的红细胞免疫功能，对３０例喉癌患者进行红细胞Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率（Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率）和红细胞免疫复合物花环率（ＩＣ花环率）检测。结果表明，喉癌患者Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率加ＩＣ花环率均较声带息肉患者和正常对照组降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；喉癌患者术后２０天左右Ｃ＿３ｂ受体花环率和ＩＣ花环率较术前无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示喉癌患者红细胞免疫功能低下。     

喉癌患者红细胞免疫功能的检测

为观察喉癌患者的红细胞免疫功能，对３０例喉癌患者进行红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（Ｃ２ｂ受体花环率）和红细胞免疫复合物花环率（ＩＣ花环率）检测。结果表明，喉癌患者Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率加ＩＣ花环率均较声带息肉患者和正常对照组降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）；喉癌患者术后２０天左右Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率和ＩＣ花环率较术前无明显改变（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结果提示喉癌患者红细胞免疫功能低下。     

原因不明感音神经性聋患者血清免疫学研究

许多报道认为,感音性聋患者部分存在自身免疫疾患,免疫异常是其发病机制之一。作者对６０岁以下原因不明感音性聋患者５０例,于初诊或治疗前行白细胞、红细胞、免疫球蛋白、抗核抗体、抗ＤＮＡ抗体、类风湿因子（ＲＦ）、补体价（ＣＨ５０）、免疫复合体（ＩＣ）、梅毒...     

突发性耳聋患者的局部脑血流断层显像研究

本研究旨在探讨局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）断层显像与突发性感音神经性耳聋（简称突聋）的关系和临床价值。方法：对１０例正常志愿者,１９例传导性耳聋及３１例突聋患者在治疗前行ｒＣＢＦ显像并对比分析其显像特点,与同期ＣＴ对照,随访ｒＣＢＦ显像阳性的突聋患者６～１２月并再次行ｒＣＢＦ显像。结果：①突聋组ｒＣＢＦ显像阳性率（８０．６％）明显高于传导性聋组（５．３％）和正常组（０％）,其突聋组病灶与正常组织的放射性比值（Ｔ／ＮＴ）（０．５９６８±０．０９８２）明显低于传导性聋（０．９８０９±０．０２９１）和正常组（０．９９０８±０．０３１１）（均Ｐ＜０．０１）;而后两组间ｒＣＢＦ显像阳性率和Ｔ／ＮＴ值无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;②ＣＴ对突聋的病灶位于颞横回检出率明显低于ｒＣＢＦ显像（Ｐ＜０．０１）;③突聋患者的Ｔ／ＮＴ值与耳聋的程度有较高的相关性;④ｒＣＢＦ显像呈缺血性改变的突聋患者预后（８１．８２％）优于梗塞性改变者（２１．４３％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）;⑤ｒＣＢＦ断层显像与临床预防观察有较高的一致性（９１．７％）。结论：ｒＣＢＦ断层显像对突聋的病灶检出明显高于ＣＴ,对突聋的诊断和鉴别诊断及预后有重要的临床价值     

突发性耳聋患者的局部脑血流断层显像研究

本研究旨在探讨局部脑血流断层显像与突发生感音神经性耳聋的关系和临床价值。方法;对１０例正常志愿者,１９例传导性耳聋及３１例突聋患者在治疗前行ｒＣＢＦ显像并对比分析其显像特点,与同期ＣＴ对照,随访ｒＣＢＦ显像阳性的突聋患者６－１２月并再次行ｒＣＢＦ显像。结果：（１）突聋组ｒＣＢＦ显像阳性率明显高于传导性聋组和正常组,其突聋组病灶与正常组织的放射性比值明显低于传导性聋和正常组;     

自适应滤波提取耳蜗微音器电位初探

为解决表面电极引导耳蜗微音器电位（ＣＭ）的结果中存在刺激伪迹信号的状况，探讨了用自适应滤波处理抵消刺激伪迹信号提取ＣＭ的方法。结果发现：正常耳的ＣＭ较同侧表面电极引导的波形有一定的滞后时间，２ｋＨｚ以上的神经动作电位（ＡＰ）波形分化明显；３１耳（７７．５％）极重度感音神经性聋和１１耳（２７．５％）中度或中重度感音神经性聋耳各频率的ＣＭ消失，９耳（２２．５％）极重度感音神经性聋和２９耳（７２．５％）中度或中重度感音神经性聋各频率存在较好的ＣＭ波形。提示：不同程度的感音神经性聋可根据本方法进一步分为感受器部分引起的听力损失和蜗后病变引起的听力损失。     

内侧橄榄耳蜗系统功能障碍及其听力学检查

为了探讨内侧橄榄耳蜗系统（ＭＯＣ）功能与蜗后病变的关系，以对侧白噪声对诱发性耳声发射的抑制效应为指标，测试感音神经性聋、听觉过敏、神经性耳鸣患者的ＭＯＣ功能。结果发现：１６例感音神经性听力减退中９例ＭＯＣ功能障碍，其中８例为低频听力下降；１５例耳鸣中６例ＭＯＣ功能障碍；２例听觉过敏均有ＭＯＣ功能障碍。可见蜗后病变的感音神经性聋可同时伴有ＭＯＣ功能障碍，听觉过敏及部分耳鸣的病理机制可能与ＭＯＣ功能障碍有关。测试ＭＯＣ功能对于听觉系统疾患的定位诊断有独特的临床意义。     

简述喉癌的研究进展

（续上期）１９８１年Ｓｉｅｇｅｌ等提出红细胞免疫系统概念,认为红细胞的兔疫功能主要有①消除免疫复合物;②促进吞噬功能;③增强Ｔ淋巴细胞的免疫功能;④具有识别和储存抗原的能力;⑤红细胞表面的过氧化酶可直接作用于红细胞所粘附的抗原物质,起到类似于效应细胞作用。国内外大量研究表明恶性肿瘤患者存在着红细胞免疫功能低下。孙彦等采用红细胞酵母菌花环法测定喉癌组、正常对照组、声带息肉组,发现红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率、ＩＣ花环率,喉癌组患者较后两组明显降低,表明喉癌患者红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体免疫粘附能力低下,消除免疫复…     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.