Video-assisted thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND: In 1998, we developed a technique for video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). In this article we report on the entire series of patients who underwent VAT and discuss the results obtained. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-seven patients were selected for VAT. Eligibility criteria were: thyroid nodules of 35 mm or less in maximum diameter; estimated thyroid volume within normal range or slightly enlarged; small, low-risk papillary carcinomas; neither previous neck surgery nor irradiation; and no thyroiditis. After a learning period, VAT was proposed also for completion thyroidectomy (of previous video-assisted lobectomy) and nodules with maximum diameter up to 45 mm. The procedure is performed by a totally gasless video-assisted technique through a single 1.5- to 2.0-cm skin incision. Dissection is performed under endoscopic vision using a technique very similar to conventional operation. RESULTS: Fifty-three VATs were attempted on 47 patients. Thirty-three lobectomies, 10 total thyroidectomies, and 6 completion thyroidectomies were successfully performed. Six patients with papillary carcinoma underwent central neck lymph node removal by the same access. Mean operative time was 86.8 minutes for lobectomy, 116.0 minutes for total thyroidectomy, and 77.5 minutes for completion thyroidectomy. Conversion rate was 7.5%. Postoperative complications included one transient recurrent nerve palsy, three transient symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemias, and one wound infection. The cosmetic result was considered excellent by most of the patients who successfully underwent VAT. CONCLUSIONS: VAT is feasible and safe and allows for an excellent cosmetic result. Not all patients are eligible for this procedure, but in selected cases it can be a valid option for the surgical treatment of thyroid diseases.     

Video-assisted thyroidectomy

OBJECTIVE: In 1998, we developed a technique for video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). In this paper, we report on the entire series of patients who underwent VAT and discuss the results obtained. METHODS: Seventy-three patients were selected for VAT. Eligibility criteria were: thyroid nodules 相似文献   

Video-assisted total thyroidectomy

During the last few years, video-assisted neck surgery (VANS) became one option for thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Reports on VANS were limited to partial resection of the thyroid gland. In this study, we described total thyroidectomy in a patient with Graves' disease. The patient had a thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and methimazole-induced hepatic toxicity as well as hepatitis B virus. Two incisions of 3.5 and 3 cm were placed in the right and left subclavicular regions, respectively. A third incision of 0.5 cm was made just to the right of the midline for the camera. Devascularization of the thyroid gland was performed by using ultrasonically activated shear. Tubal drains were inserted on both sides. The patient suffered from temporary postoperative hoarseness with the voice but had a normal calcium level. The drains were removed on the first postoperative day. The use of VANS may provide a new method for total thyroidectomy with a better cosmetic outcome.     

Video-assisted thyroidectomy under local anesthesia

One theoretical limit of video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT) was the supposed necessity of general anesthesia. Herein we describe a technique for VAT performed under locoregional anesthesia. Eligibility criteria were small thyroid nodules (<2 cm) in small or normal thyroid glands (thyroid volume < or =20 mL), no previous neck surgery or irradiation, and patient motivation for local anesthesia. VAT using locoregional anesthesia was performed under a superficial cervical block. During the procedure, the patients were completely awake and able to speak with members of the surgical team. Intraoperative and postoperative pain, as evaluated by a visual analogue scale, was usually negligible. No complications occurred. Mean postoperative stay was 26 hours. All of the patients were completely satisfied with the cosmetic result, the procedure, and the surgical outcome. VAT is also feasible and safe under local anesthesia. We are optimistic about the future of this approach, which opens a new frontier for minimally invasive procedures in thyroid surgery.     

Video-assisted thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Background: In patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), we evaluated the operative feasibility and safety of video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT) and the completeness of the surgical resection. Methods: Video-assisted thyroidectomy was attempted in 24 patients with thyroid malignancy. Total thyroid resection for PTC was achieved completely by VAT in 20 of them, who were included in this study. Results: In this study, 12 total thyroidectomies and 8 lobectomies followed by completion thyroidectomies were performed. Eight patients also underwent central neck lymph node dissection. Mean postoperative serum thyroglobulin was 0.2 ng/ml for patients receiving LT4 suppressive treatment and 4.2 ng/ml for patients after LT4 withdrawal. Postoperative ultrasonography showed no residual thyroid tissue. The mean radioiodine uptake at postoperative scintiscan was 2.2%. Conclusions: In the case of PTC, VAT is feasible and safe. The completeness of the surgical resection seems comparable with that reported for conventional surgery. Nevertheless, larger series and longer follow-up evaluation are necessary for definitive conclusions to be drawn about its oncologic validity. This article is based on a communication at the 10th European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.) Annual Congress, Lisbon Portugal, 2–5 June 2002     

Video-assisted thyroidectomy: indications and results

Background and aims Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) was set up and introduced in our department in 1998. Its results, after an acceptable relapse, can now be evaluated, also speculating on new possible indications. Patients and methods The procedure is based on a unique incision in the central neck, 2 cm above the sternal notch, using small conventional retractors and needlescopic (2 mm) reusable instruments. Haemostasis is achieved by a harmonic scalpel. Patients, 833, underwent MIVAT since June 1998. There were 715 females and 118 males (ratio 4:1). Lobectomy was carried out in 323 (38.7%) patients, total thyroidectomy in 510 (61.2%) patients. Results Mean operative time of lobectomy was 36.2 min (range: 20–120); for total thyroidectomy, 46.1 min (30–130). Conversion to standard cervicotomy was required in 16 cases (1.9%); Operative complications were represented by transient monolateral recurrent nerve palsy in eight cases (0.9%), definitive monolateral recurrent nerve palsy in seven cases (0.8%). Twenty patients exhibited a hypoparathyroidism, which corresponds to 3.9% of total thyroidectomies performed, but only two showed permanent hypoparathyroidism (0.3%). Conclusion MIVAT can be considered a safe operation offering significant cosmetic advantages with possible new promising indications such as prophylactic thyroidectomy in rearranged during transfection (RET) gene mutation carriers. It is still limited to a minority of patients, in particular, in endemic goitre countries. Electronic Supplementary Materials Supplementary material is available for this article at Presented at the International Symposium, Modern Technologies in Thyroid Surgery”, 10–11 February 2006, Halle/Saale, Germany.     

Video-assisted endoscopic lumbar discectomy

Background: The optimal management of symptomatic lumbar disc herniations (LDH) remains controversial. This study examines the feasibility and safety of a video-assisted endoscopic intracanalicular technique for managing symptomatic LDH. Methods: From September 1999 to June 2000, we used the current technique, the Vertebroscope System, on 11 patients (six men, five women), aged from 18 to 61 years (mean, 45), who had suffered symptomatic LDH. The disc levels involved were at L4-L5 (n = 8), and L5-S1 (n = 3). The Vertebroscope, which has a 30° viewing angle and a working channel 1.7 cm in diameter, was used for the minimally invasive endoscopic procedures. The mean follow-up period was 12 months (range, 6-15). Results: The operating time ranged from 60 to 335 min (mean, 136.5), and the estimated blood loss during operation was minimal to 200 ml. The mean length of the paramedian skin incisions was 2 cm. No drainage tube was used postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2-5), with five patients discharged on the 1st postoperative day. Complications included one superficial wound infection, one conversion to an open procedure when muscle herniation into the working channel created a technical difficulty in approaching the ligamatum flavum, and one minor tear of the nerve root sleeve that did not require further surgery. In the first five patients studied herein, the mean operating time was significantly longer than that for the later five patients (201 vs 72 min, p <0.001). conclusions: the advantages of the current endoscopic disectomy technique include its minimally invasive character, with less paraspinal muscle trauma, direct address to the lesion site that resembles the open technique, and enhanced operative field visualization with a paramedian skin incision of just 2 cm. practice is needed to perfect such an endoscopic approach for lumbar disc excision, so the operating time decreased significantly as the surgeons became more familiar with this endoscopic technique. it has proved to be safe and effective for treating patients with symptomatic ldh.     

Total endoscopic thyroidectomy

We have developed endoscopic thyroidectomy procedures using anterior chest and axillary approaches. Both of our procedures differ significantly from the usual thyroidectomy, which involves lifting both the platysma and the sternohyoid muscle. Because only the platysma is lifted during our procedures, a CO(2) insufflation pressure of less than 4 mmHg is sufficient. While the sternohyoid muscle is transected to obtain greater exposure of the thyroid gland in minimally invasive procedures in the neck, we do not divide it so as to prevent adhesions to the platysma, unless the nodule is large. As we accumulated experience with these procedures in 58 patients, typical operation time decreased to less than 120 minutes for the anterior approach and to less than 150 minutes for the axillary approach. Large follicular tumours can be extracted using the axillary approach, with all of its cosmetic advantages, whereas the anterior chest approach is advocated for removal of bilateral multinodular goitres and parathyroid lesions. Both approaches result in minimal postoperative hypoaesthesia, paraesthesia, and discomfort during swallowing. We conclude that endoscopic neck surgery is the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with thyroid disease.     

Video-assisted subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease

BACKGROUND: Surgery remains the treatment of choice for patients with Graves' disease. The purpose of the present study was to assess the usefulness and efficacy of video-assisted subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy in patients with Graves' disease. METHODS: Between March 2000 and December 2004, 63 patients with Graves' disease underwent video-assisted subtotal, near-total or total thyroidectomy. Fifty-three patients (84 per cent) were considered for surgery after failure of antithyroid drug and radioiodine therapy, whereas the other ten patients were initially selected for surgical treatment based on their own preference. Treatment outcome was evaluated, including surgical complications, thyroid function, quality of life and patient satisfaction with the surgical result. RESULTS: All patients were operated on using a video-assisted technique, with some modifications depending on time and experience. There were no conversions to open surgery. Three patients (5 per cent) had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy that recovered spontaneously. Most patients were satisfied with the surgical results, particularly regarding the placement of the surgical scars. CONCLUSION: Video-assisted subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of Graves' disease.     

内镜甲状腺切除术应把握的几个问题

甲状腺是人体内重要的内分泌腺，功能复杂，病种多样且高发，甲状腺手术是普外科常见的手术之一。由于颈部瘢痕有碍美观，妨碍了大部分患者对手术的满意度，影响了部分患者的依从性，延误病情。随着内镜技术的进步，内镜甲状腺手术也得到了飞速的发展。     

腔镜辅助下与全腔镜甲状腺切除术的对比分析

目的:对比腔镜辅助下(video-assisted thyroidectomy,VAT)与全腔镜甲状腺切除术(total en-doscopic thyroidectomy,TET)的手术特点.方法:回顾性分析行胸骨切迹上径路颈部小切口VAT 65例和胸前壁径路TET 59例的临床资料.比较2种术式的手术时间、术中失血量、疼痛评分、术后住院时间、并发症和复发率.结果:120例手术成功,4例(VAT和TET组各2例)中转开放手术.VAT组和TET组手术时间分别为(44.15±12.11)min和(115.42±28.36)min,术中失血量分别为(9.54±4.21)mL和(20.68±7.40)mL,疼痛评分分别为3.62±0.93和5.37±0.90,术后住院时间分别为(3.31±0.86)d和(5.31±0.79)d,术后并发症发生率分别为1.54%和15.25%,2组差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05).2组术后均无继发出血、永久性声嘶、低血钙等并发症.随访3～37个月,平均17.17个月,复发3例,其中VAT组1例,TET组2例,两组复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:2种腔镜手术治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤均安全有效.与TET相比,VAT技术难度较低,并发症较少,并具有创伤小、恢复快、术后疼痛轻等优点,是可选择的手术方式之一.     

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目的客观评价腔镜辅助下甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺疾病的有效性及安全性。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、EMBASE、PubMed、CBM及Cochrane图书馆2006年第2期;手工检索有关中文杂志。纳入腔镜辅助下甲状腺切除术与传统手术治疗甲状腺疾病的随机对照试验,并对其方法学质量进行评价。用Revman4.2.8软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入4个随机对照试验,包括164例病人。Meta分析结果显示,腔镜辅助甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术相比,有较好的美容效果[WMD1.05,95%CI(0.47,1.62)];术后疼痛较轻[WMD-8.20,95%CI(-11.60,-4.80)];并发症发生率二者差异无统计学意义[RR1.90,95%CI(0.65,5.54)];腔镜辅助手术耗时较长[WMD18.96,95%CI(17.23,20.69)]。结论腔镜辅助手术具有美容、微创的优势,但适应证范围较窄,手术时间较长。治疗甲状腺癌尚有待进一步开展随机对照研究以评价疗效。     

内镜在甲状腺切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨应用内镜外科技术施行甲状腺手术的可行性及效果。方法 采用须部无瘢痕内镜甲状腺切除术(SET)和微创电视辅助甲状腺切除术(MIvA)。SET切口选择在乳晕上缘、胸骨旁，钝性游离胸前和颈前皮下腔隙，在内镜下行甲状腺肿瘤或腺体次全切除术。MIvA切口选择在胸骨切迹上1cm处长约3cm，在电视辅助下行甲状腺肿瘤或腺体次全切除术。结果 SETl0例和MIvAl2例全部手术成功，无并发症。术后恢复良好，无声嘶、呛咳，颈部水肿、隆起明显改善。结论 对甲状腺切除手术，SET具有明显的美容效果，MIVA是一种微创和有效方法。     

Gasless single incision endoscopic thyroidectomy

Background:

Endoscopic thyroidectomy making the scar outside the neck area has a cosmetic appeal for patients. Based on an anterior chest wall approach combined with the gasless technique, we developed a novel method for gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy with a single incision.

Materials and Methods:

From March 2009 to November 2010, 48 patients with benign thyroid nodules underwent thyroidectomy with the gasless single-incision endoscopic surgery technique via the anterior chest wall approach. A 3-cm long skin incision parallel to the clavicle was made on the anterior chest wall on the side of the lesion. The platysma flap was lifted up to maintain working space from the incision to the thyroid cartilage. Dissection of the thyroid was begun from the inferior pole of the thyroid. The line of resection was selected to preserve recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroids. A 5-mm drainage tube was inserted into the lower portion of the operative space through the incision after the thyroid gland and the lesion were resected using the Harmonic scalpel.

Results:

The overall operating time was 126 minutes (range, 90 to 210), 138 minutes (range, 80 to 160) in first 24 cases; and 112 minutes in the second 24 patients (P<.05). Three cases were converted to the conventional procedure: 2 because of a malignancy diagnosed on frozen section, and one due to uncontrolled bleeding from the middle thyroid vein. Another malignancy diagnosed on final pathological examination was treated with additional surgery to complete the thyroidectomy by using the conventional open method. There were 2 cases of postoperative complications: transient hoarseness and hematoma. No wound infection occurred in our series. The scar was well hidden beneath the clothes, and the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic result of the surgery.

Conclusions:

Advantages of the chest wall approach combined with the gasless technique have made single-incision endoscopic thyroidectomy more feasible and practicable.     

腔镜甲状腺手术的临床应用

目的 :总结腔镜用于甲状腺肿瘤手术的临床经验。方法 :应用超声刀对甲状腺良性肿物 4例行切除术。结果 :4例手术均获成功。手术时间 1 2 0～ 2 0 0min ,平均 1 6 0min ,术中出血 30～ 6 0ml,术后 6～ 8h下床活动 ,进流质 ,无不适感及其它并发症。术后 2d内拔除引流管 ,术后 3～ 5d出院。结论 :腔镜甲状腺手术符合女性美容的要求 ,手术切口隐蔽 ,无颈部疤痕 ,美容效果好 ,并且手术安全可行。