陕西省眉县健康教育干预5岁以下儿童腹泻效果评价

为了探讨适合我国农村社区的健康教育方法,陕西省眉县被确定为西北地区的试点。本文运用格林模式,采取健康教育、改水、改厕三位一体方法,通过２年的健康教育综合性干预,实验乡５岁以下儿童腹泻发病率较对照乡及干预前均有明显下降,儿童母亲防治儿童腹泻的知、信、行水平也显著提高（Ｐ＜００１）,进一步证实综合干预在农村社区健康教育中运用的可行性。同时,初步探索出了一些适合我国农村社区的健康教育实施经验。     

农村4～6岁学龄前儿童健康教育综合干预效果评价

农村４～６岁学龄前儿童健康教育综合干预效果评价３１００００）浙江省、县、乡联合课题组材料和方法（见《综合评估报告》）结果与分析１．刷牙卫生习惯无论是实验组石桥乡，还是对照组曹宅乡比本底调查时都有了明显的进步。但两者在本底、终末之间的比较没有显著性差异...     

农村儿童看护人预防儿童伤害健康教育干预效果评价

目的评价农村儿童看护人预防儿童伤害健康教育的干预效果。方法整群抽取干预县3个乡（镇）,2007年7—8月对所抽取乡（镇）2996名0-6岁儿童看护人开展伤害相关知识及儿童家庭与住宅附近环境安全隐患的基线调查。2007年10月—2010年6月,根据基线调查结果,有针对性地开展健康教育干预活动,2010年7月随机抽取308名0-6岁儿童看护人及对其住宅附近环境开展干预效果调查。结果在伤害相关知识的12个指标中,干预后儿童看护人对其中9个指标正确认知的比例比干预前提高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;在儿童家庭及住宅附近环境安全隐患状况的11个指标中,干预后有10个指标的比例降低,与干预前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对儿童看护人的健康教育干预,可有效提高其对于儿童安全相关知识的知晓率,减少儿童家庭及住宅附近环境的安全隐患。     

健康教育在降低农村腹泻患病率中的效果评价

本文通过对农村人群的现场研究，论述了健康教育在预防腹泻患病中的作用，并进行了效果评价，经过分组试验前后的对照研究，结果表明：１、试验组明显好于对照组；２、健康教育对降低腹泻患病率有积极意义。由此，对预防腹泻健康教育的作用给予肯定，并指出健康教育是预防农村腹泻患病的最重要措施之一。     

农村散居儿童营养健康教育效果评价

为了解农村散居儿童的营养状况，探讨利用健康教育手段降低儿童营养性贫血和佝偻患病率，促进儿童生长发育的效果，我们对２４４名０－６岁的散居儿童及家长分别做了膳食调查及营养健康教育指导，并进行了效果评价，现报告如下：材料与方法１．调查指导对象：章丘市埠村镇...     

农村家庭健康教育干预效果研究

本研究结果表明,经过健康教育干预,试验村在住宅卫生、环境卫生、个人卫生、食品卫生、污水处理等方面取得了良好的效果;但食具消毒、改厕等方面行为改变不显著,尚需进一步研究。     

农村中学肺结核健康教育效果评价

2000年第四次全国结核病流调初步结果显示:我国结核病疫情还相当严重,部分地区有蔓延趋势,调查出的病人中有60.0％发病前未接受过卫生宣传。在校学生,特别是初、高中学生,正处于青春发育期,是结核病的好发年龄。中学的学生宿舍居住拥挤,班容量超员严重,学习压力比较重,体质也比较差,一旦有传染源,非常容易造成肺结核病暴发流行。因此,有重点地提高青少年对肺结核危害的认识及防痨知识水平,避免肺结核在青少年中流行播散极为重要。现对2001—2002年在校初高学生1259人进行问卷调查后进行健康教育的效果作初步评估。     

陕西省眉县健康教育干预5岁以下几童腹泻效果评价

为了探讨适合我国农村社区的腱康教育方法,陕西省眉县被确定为西北地区的试点。本运用格林模式,采取健康教育、改水、改厕三位一体方法,通过2年的健康教育综合性干预,实验乡5岁以下儿童腹泻发病率较对照乡及干预前均有明显下降,儿童母亲防治儿童腹泻的知、信、行水平也显提高(P<0．01),进一步证实综合干预在农村社区健康教育中运用的可行性。同时,初步探索出了一些适合我国农村社区的健康教育实施经验。     

5岁以下农村儿童腹泻影响因素分析

本文对湖北省老河口市５岁以下的农村儿童发生腹泻的影响因素和腹泻后的家庭喂养情况进行了研究，结果表明：饮用水源、使用厕所类型、是否喝生水、饭前便后是否洗手与腹泻关系密切；在腹泻后的家庭喂养方面，只有６．４％的腹泻儿童能得到正确的喂养。     

健康教育对控制小儿腹泻病的效果评价

莆田县在参加中国妇幼卫生示范县小儿急性感染性腹泻为期3年的研究中,采用多种健康教育形式,提高群众的自我保健能力,使小儿腹泻总发病率由1986年的15.88％下降到1988年的9.44％。实践证明,重视宣传腹泻防治知识的健康教育是预防腹泻病最积极最主动的基础措施,对控制小儿腹泻病有着不可低估的作用。     

祥云县贫困农村小学生参与性营养教育干预效果评价

目的 探讨贫困地区农村小学行之有效的营养教育模式,以增强营养教育的效果.方法 选择祥云县8所贫困农村小学四～六年级32个班1 124名学龄儿童,采用参与性营养教育进行干预.结果 干预后调查对象对新鲜水果或蔬菜、黄豆、胡萝卜营养价值的回答正确率分别提高6.3,6.5和24.1个百分点(P＜0.01),对谷类食物、牛奶及奶制品主要提供的营养素的回答正确率分别提高21.1和6.2个百分点(P＜0.01),预防骨质疏松、贫血原因、预防缺铁性贫血知识点分别提高10.7,0.6和33.4个百分点(P＜0.01).对饮食与健康的认知情况有不同程度提高(P值均＜0.01).干预前有81.7%的儿童愿意把学校学到的知识告诉家长,干预后该比例提高了5.9个百分点(P＜0.01);每天吃早餐的比例由22.4%提高到32.4%(P＜0.01).结论 对贫困地区学龄儿童可采用参与性营养教育方法 .     

农村环境卫生改良对控制腹泻病的效果评价和经济效益分析

河南省长葛农村经饮水改良和粪便无害化处理后使腹泻病得到控制。试验村1983年腹泻发病率为48%,1986年建起简易集中式供水系统后发病率降至28.2%;改水后再加上修建双瓮漏斗型厕所,使腹泻发病率降至11.08%,较1983年下降76.92势。单纯改水使4岁以下儿童发病减少3/4;改水和改厕可使各年龄组发病率降低54%~79%,对降低6~10月腹泻发病高峰效果显著,但病原分布无明显差异。该两项措施人均投资46.31元,一年内由疾病减少、节省挑水劳力和积肥可获23.53元效益,效益与费用比值(BCR)为0.51。预计总投资可在2年内自身偿还,第三年及以后的BCR为4.42。     

四川地震灾区灾后农村居民卫生知识健康教育干预效果评估

目的了解地震灾区农村居民卫生防病知识知晓率,评估强化干预效果,为制定灾后卫生防病措施提供依据。方法采用普查的方式对在茶社中喝茶的居民进行面对面调查,第一次调查结束后,由防疫队员现场进行地震灾后卫生防病相关知识强化干预培训,然后再次进行调查。结果被调查居民食品卫生和饮水卫生防病知识知晓率在应急状态下超过了80%,强化干预使当地居民的卫生防病知识知晓率由干预前的68.4%上升到干预后的87.3%。结论在茶社开展强化干预活动措施效果明显。要根据当地实际情况,选择合适的场所开展健康教育。     

综合干预治疗学习困难儿童的疗效评价

目的探讨综合干预措施治疗学习困难（1earning disability，LD）儿童的疗效。方法将2002年12月至2007年12月在福建省清流县医院按学习困难诊断标准确诊的儿童208例，采用随机数字表法分为治疗组[n=116，综合干预治疗（利他林＋多因素干预治疗）]和对照组[n=92，单一药物治疗（利他林）]（分组遵循程序符合福建省清流县医院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准，且分组征得患儿家属知情同意）。两组分别在治疗后第3、第6个月采用《Conners父母量表》进行评定及对学习成绩进行比较。治疗有效率的判断标准采用Conners多动指数标准及相关临床症状、社会功能适应能力、学习成绩等改善情况进行评价。结果治疗组治疗后第3、第6个月有效率分别为86．2％（100／116）和96．5％（112／116），而对照组有效率为73．9％（68／92）和79．3％（73／92），两组治疗后第3、第6个月疗效比较，差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论综合干预治疗法比单一药物治疗法能更有效地改善学习困难儿童的学习困难症状。     

Evaluation of an Intervention for Children Experiencing Homelessness

This study evaluated a two-part intervention provided during a summer program for children experiencing homelessness. First, teachers and the mental health team implemented a behavior management system to reinforce positive classroom behaviors. Second, a team of undergraduate and graduate students delivered mental health promotion services during classroom and small group activities. Mothers' and teachers' ratings indicated that the children's emotional and behavioral functioning was within normal limits and did not change over the course of the program. Mothers reported higher than normal levels of family distress. Lower school achievement was related to poor behavioral and emotional functioning and attrition. Strategies to ensure that low achievers and children with behavior problems do not drop out of summer programs need to be developed; shelters or schools may be optimal settings for providing family-focused interventions for this population.     

中医护理干预应用于小儿腹泻病的效果分析

目的探讨中医护理干预应用于小儿腹泻病的效果。方法选取2017年6月至2017年8月我院收治的30例腹泻病患儿作为研究对象,随机分为两组各15例。对照组患儿给予常规护理干预,观察组患儿在常规护理的基础上实施中医护理干预,比较两组患儿的治疗效果、临床症状改善时间、住院时间以及家属满意度。结果观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组的60.00%(P<0.05)。观察组患儿的止泻时间、止吐时间、退热时间、住院时间均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的患儿家属满意度为93.33%,显著高于对照组的53.33%(P<0.05)。结论中医护理干预可提高腹泻病患儿的临床治疗效果,缩短患儿各项症状改善时间及住院时间,提高家属满意度。     

农村社区开展居民代谢综合征干预工作的探讨

随着社会经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,由于生活方式改变而导致的肥胖人群大量增加。代谢综合征（Metabolic Syndrome,MS）的概念也应运而生,它是一组以腹部肥胖、     

Determinants of Care Seeking for Children With Pneumonia and Diarrhea in Guatemala: Implications for Intervention Strategies

Objectives. We identified barriers to care seeking for pneumonia and diarrhea among rural Guatemalan children.Methods. A population-based survey was conducted twice from 2008 to 2009 among 1605 households with children younger than 5 years. A 14-day calendar recorded episodes of carer-reported pneumonia (n = 364) and diarrhea (n = 481), and formal (health services, public, private) and informal (neighbors, traditional, local shops, pharmacies) care seeking.Results. Formal care was sought for nearly half of severe pneumonias but only for 27% within 2 days of onset, with 31% and 18%, respectively, for severe diarrhea. In multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with formal care seeking were knowing the Community Emergency Plan, mother’s perception of illness severity, recognition of World Health Organization danger signs, distance from the health center, and having someone to care for family in an emergency.Conclusions. Proximal factors associated with recognizing need for care were important in determining formal care, and were strongly linked to social determinants. In addition to specific action by the health system with an enhanced community health worker role, a systems approach can help ensure barriers are addressed among poorer and more remote homes.Globally, some 7.6 million children younger than 5 years die annually, the majority from low-income countries.1 Two of the most important causes are acute lower respiratory infections, mainly pneumonia and diarrhea (18% and 14% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years, respectively). Adequate access to health care for young children with pneumonia and diarrhea is extremely important in improving survival as there are cheap and effective interventions available. In 2003, the Bellagio Child Survival Study group reviewed child survival interventions feasible for delivery in low-income settings, and concluded that if effective interventions had global coverage, 63% of childhood deaths could be prevented.2 The power of existing interventions is not matched by the capacity of health systems to deliver them to those in greatest need in a comprehensive way and on an adequate scale.3 This situation persists, and a recent study of global research priorities for the prevention of deaths from pneumonia among children by 2015 identified barriers to care seeking and access as one of the highest priorities.4In Guatemala, the 2006 infant mortality rate was 31 per 1000 live births, and under-5 mortality was 41 per 1000 child-years.5 In rural areas where the majority of the population resides, the infant mortality rate and under-5 mortality rates are likely considerably higher. On the basis of their investigation, Heuveline and Goldman suggested that improved access to health care could have considerable impact on under-5 mortality in Guatemala.6 Studies conducted in the 1990s found that health care uptake was very poor, with between 60% and 80% of families not seeking any formal, qualified health care for acute lower respiratory infections and diarrhea.6,7 In relation to poor uptake, poverty was seen as an important predictor, and education and ethnicity were found to be less important.8In addition to informal health care in Guatemala (traditional healers, midwives, neighbors, local stores, pharmacies), formal services are provided by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS). The main health facilities include health posts (usually staffed by an auxiliary nurse), health centers (staffed by at least 1 doctor and qualified nurse), and “national” (general) and specialized hospitals. Recently there has been substantial growth in private services (individual doctors and hospitals), stimulated by rising income in urban areas and dissatisfaction with public services. Other health services are provided by the Social Security Institute and nongovernmental organizations. From 1997, MSPAS has also funded the Programme to Extend Coverage of Basic Health Services (Extension de Cobertura [EdC]). This program, part of the wider Comprehensive Health Care System (Sistema Integrado Atencion de Salud), involves the contracting of nongovernmental organizations to extend basic services to impoverished rural populations.9Following a randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of reducing household air pollution on pneumonia among children,10 and motivated by efforts to develop integration of protection, prevention, and treatment,11 we carried out a study in the same communities of Comitancillo and San Lorenzo into barriers to health care access. We used mixed methods (population-based surveys and qualitative interviews and focus groups) to understand the key demand and supply-side issues that could inform future interventions to improve access to high-quality care. We report here results from the survey component, and focus on the determinants of formal care seeking for maternal report of an episode in children of pneumonia, diarrhea, or both in the past 14 days, with “formal” care defined as contact with 1 or more MSPAS, private, or EdC services.     

思连康蒙脱石散联用治疗小儿腹泻的疗效评价

目的：探讨评价思连康蒙脱石散联用治疗小儿腹泻的疗效。方法：选取70例1-3岁腹泻患儿,采取随机对照的方法,将其分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组30例,采用口服思连康蒙脱石散联用的治疗方法,思连康每人2粒,次,2次,d,蒙脱石散1次半包,3次,d。对照组单独使用两种药物其中一种,思连康20例（每人2粒,次,2次,d）,蒙脱石散20例（每人1次半包,3次,d）。比较两组临床大便次数及性状的改变情况和疗效。结果：治疗组痊愈21例,好转8例,无效1例,总有效率达到96．6％;对照组痊愈18例,好转10例,无效12例,总有效率达到70．0％,两组有效率比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论：思连康蒙脱石散联用对治疗小儿腹泻具有更好的疗效。     

碘干预对燃煤氟中毒地区儿童甲状腺影响的研究

目的了解食盐加碘以来贵州燃煤氟中毒病区儿童碘缺乏病情指标的变化。方法采用现场流行病学抽样调查方法,对贵州氟中毒重病区织金县八步乡儿童进行尿碘水平及甲状腺肿大率调查,并与历史本底资料对比。结果被调查的氟病区儿童尿碘中位数为338.7μg/L,高于补碘前3倍,66.70%的儿童尿碘水平高于300μg/L,超过WHO推荐的100~200μg的日摄入量;7~14岁儿童青少年甲状腺肿大率7.1%,是补碘前(0.3%)的23.7倍。结论贵州有37个燃煤型氟中毒病区县,病区人口1900余万,历史上是碘缺乏病的轻病区,八步乡儿童青少年甲状腺肿大率上升的原因有待进一步研究。