儿童亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎临床病理分析

目的:探讨儿童亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎(subacute necrotizing iymphadenitis)的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性分析19例儿童亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎病例的临床资料,全部病例切片进行组织学观察,并行免疫组化染色,随访全部病例。结果:19例中男性14例,女性5例,平均年龄7.3岁,临床主要表现为发热、颈淋巴结肿大和白细胞减少,抗生素治疗无效。组织学显示淋巴结内出现程度不同的碎片状坏死,伴有多种形态的组织细胞增生,坏死灶边缘可见浆样单核细胞、多形核细胞及免疫母细胞,无或很少有中性粒细胞浸润。随访5月~3年,全部存活。结论:儿童亚急性坏死性淋巴结炎是一种良性自限性疾病,具有特殊的临床表现和独特病理特点;掌握其临床和病理形态学特点,有助于与其他病变相鉴别。     

Kikuchi disease: an unusual clinico-pathologic presentation

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as KIKUCHI disease is rare self-limited condition of young adults. Manifestations include enlargements of the cervical lymph nodes, sometimes with fever, and can be associated with other non-specific signs. The aetiologie of this affection is still unclear. This is a case report of a 27 year-old man who presented cervical and sus-clavicular lymphadenopathy diagnosed first as lymph nodes tuberculosis before the diagnostic of KIKUCHI disease was made.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease mimicking tuberculosis

Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease (KFD) or histiocytic narcotising lymphadenitis is a febrile benign lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology, involving more frequently cervical lymph nodes and diagnosed on biopsy of an affected node. It is sometimes associated with auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However less frequent symptoms including involvement of extracervical nodes, hepatosplenomegaly and systemic symptoms (weight loss, night sweats) are possible and suggest an infectious disease. We report the case of a Senegalese patient with positive Ag HBs who developed SLE and KFD mimicking tuberculosis. Atypical pseudo-infectious appearance of an inflammatory systemic disease is a rare occurrence and the diagnosis can be difficult.     

Three toddlers with a swelling in the neck

Three children, a girl aged 2.5 years and two boys aged 2 and 3 years respectively, presented with unilateral cervical lymphadenitis. The first patient had acute bacterial lymphadenitis due to group A Streptococcus, characterised by a painful cervical swelling of acute onset. The second patient had painless cervical lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, which drained spontaneously. The third patient developed a non-tender, cervical swelling within a day. He too was systemically ill with fever and a headache. The lymphadenitis was caused by Bartonella henselae. After drainage, dissection and/or antibiotic therapy, all three recovered. A cervical mass in a young child is most frequently caused by an infectious lymphadenopathy. It rarely represents a malignant or other systemic disease. In many cases the diagnosis of infectious lymphadenitis can be made on the basis of the case history and clinical characteristics. However, when malignancy cannot be excluded tissue examination is always indicated.     

Cervical Lymphadenopathy—Pitfalls of Blind Antitubercular Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in the TB-endemic zone, like India but it can also mimic other diseases. Four cases of cervical lymphadenopathy presented to us as initial treatment failure after completion of six months of antitubercular drugs (ATD), including rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. All were diagnosed as having tuberculosis either by fine needle aspiration cytology or clinically from outside our institution. In one case, tuberculosis was the final diagnosis but, unfortunately, it was multidrug-resistant. In other three cases, Hodgkin disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Kikuchi''s disease were the diagnoses. In resource-poor countries, like India, which is also a TB-endemic zone, TB should be the first diagnosis in all cases of chronic cervical lymphadenopathy, based on clinical and/or cytological evidences. So, they were correctly advised antitubercular therapy (ATT) initially. Sometimes, TB mimics other aetiologies where apparent initial improvement with ATT finally results in treatment failure. Hence, investigations for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis are warranted, depending on the resources and feasibility. If these tests are not routinely available, the patients should be under close monitoring so that lymphoma, drug-resistant TB, or other aetiologies of cervical lymphadenopathy are not missed. Patients with cervical lymphadenopathy rarely presents acutely; so, a physician can take the opportunity of histopathological study of lymphnode tissue.Key words: Cervical lymphadenopathy, Excision biopsy, Hodgkin disease, Kikuchi''s disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Tuberculosis     

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis; Kikuchi's disease

The case is reported of a woman aged 26 with painful swelling of the left cervical lymph nodes. These symptoms were preceded by paresthesias and pain at the left side of her body, especially the left leg and the left arm. A lymph node biopsy revealed the diagnosis of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease). Physical examination and laboratory data showed no other abnormalities. The patient recovered soon without any therapy. The morphological findings are described and a review of the literature is given.     

宫颈细胞学ASCUS诊断的临床意义及处理

目的:探讨意义未明的不典型鳞状细胞(Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,ASCUS)的临床意义及处理方法。方法:回顾性分析490例宫颈液基细胞学检查(TCT)诊断为ASCUS患者的临床资料,其中267例同时进行了HPV分型检测。结果:490例宫颈细胞学ASCUS诊断中,组织病理学结果为炎症201例(41.02%),宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)Ⅰ级144例(29.39%),CINⅡ/Ⅲ级114例(23.27%),宫颈癌31例(6.33%);高危型HPV(HR-HPV)阳性组CINⅡ级以上病变检出率为42.72%(88/206),明显高于HR-HPV阴性组22.95%(14/61),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.79,P=0.005)。结论:细胞学报告为ASCUS时,组织病理学检查结果从炎症到宫颈癌均有分布,对其临床处理应引起重视。HR-HPV检测对ASC-US的临床处理具有科学分流管理的意义。     

恶性淋巴瘤误诊结核病15例分析

目的探讨误诊为结核病的淋巴瘤的临床特征和误诊原因。方法回顾分析1995～2007年15例误诊为结核的恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床特征,影响学特点,病理结果及诊断。结果其临床特征无特异性,约4例（20,6％）无症状,发热10例（66．7％）,咳嗽5例（33．3％）,淋巴结肿大12例。其中单一部位5例,多部位8例,其影像学特点是肿块样病变4例,弥漫性病变7例,肺门增大9例,胸腔积液6例,误诊淋巴结核4例,原发性肺结核1例,误诊肺结核并淋巴结结核4例,误诊肺结核淋巴结结核并浆膜腔积液1例。确诊方式：淋巴结病理活检12例,经纤支镜肺活检2例,经皮肺活检4例。病理结合免疫组化诊断：霍奇金瘤4例,非霍奇金瘤1例。结论因两者临床特征相似易误诊．及时早期获得组织病理标本是早期诊断的关键。     

螺旋CT检查在喉癌及喉咽癌颈部淋巴结转移中的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT扫描在喉癌及喉咽癌颈部淋巴结转移中的应用价值。方法 对2014年1月至2015年1月我院收治的喉癌及喉咽癌患者46例进行回顾分析。所有患者均经术后病理实验证实为喉癌与喉咽癌,明确发生颈部淋巴结转移患者21例,术前所有患者均行螺旋CT检查,比较病理结果与螺旋CT对喉癌及喉咽癌的病理分期及颈部淋巴结转移的诊断结果。结果 CT对喉癌及喉咽癌的术前T分期结果与术后病理T分期结果比较无显著差异,P>0.05,不具有统计学意义;CT对颈部淋巴结转移检出率与术后病理结果比较无显著差异,P> 0.05,21例淋巴结转移患者螺旋CT增强显示均可见淋巴结不同程度增大,18例患者淋巴结相互融合成团并呈现不规则、分叶状,淋巴结界限不清并与周围组织有粘连,中心可出现低密度坏死区或环样强化。结论 术前螺旋CT检查可准确评估患者病理分期,并且对颈部淋巴结转移的检出率较高,可用于指导临床手术治疗及术后康复方案的选择,具有应用及推广价值。     

阴道镜联合宫颈涂片检测宫颈病变的临床研究

目的:探讨阴道镜联合宫颈涂片检测宫颈病变的临床应用价值。方法:对已婚妇女行宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查对宫颈病变进行筛查,以组织病理学诊断为金标准,对结果进行分析。结果:接受宫颈涂片检查的1 030例已婚妇女中有156例行阴道镜下活检病理诊断,其中慢性宫颈炎91例,HPV感染15例,CINⅠ22例,CINⅡ8例,CINⅢ2例,宫颈癌6例。经阴道镜下RCI评分诊断CIN 36例,其中CINⅠ21例、CINⅡ9例、CINⅢ6例;与阴道镜下活检病理诊断的符合率为94.74%(36/38)。宫颈涂片细胞学检查巴氏Ⅲ级以上可疑CIN 24例,其中阴道镜下活检病理证实14例,宫颈涂片细胞学检查诊断符合率为58.33%(14/24)。阴道镜下RCI评分诊断CIN符合率与宫颈涂片细胞学检查诊断符合率相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。统计学处理得出阴道镜诊断CIN的敏感性为95.50%,特异性为89.26%,两者联合的阳性预测值为72.21%,阴性预测值为95.85%。结论:宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查筛查子宫颈病变能提高宫颈癌前病变及早期宫颈癌的诊断率,可作为该地区筛查宫颈癌前病变的可行方法。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of lymphatic tuberculosis: apropos of 42 cases

We report a retrospective study of 42 cases of lymph node tuberculosis. We noted symptoms of tuberculosis impregnation in 92%, cervical localization in 71%, positive tuberculin intra-dermo-reaction in 77%, and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 73% of the cases. Koch bacillus was detected in expectoration, urine or gastric liquid at the rate of 11% of the cases. Lymph node function was suggestive in 4 out of 12 patients, showing giant cells with or without caseum. Lymph node biopsy, performed in 32 patients, was contributive in 94% of them. Another tuberculous localization was found in 14 cases mainly pulmonary (8 cases).     

高频彩超诊断小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床价值

目的探讨高频彩超诊断小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床意义。方法选择我院2012年1月至2013年9月间163例肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿,均通过高频彩超确诊,总结分析肿大淋巴结的数量、形态、大小、纵/横比、边缘及内部回声、内部及周围的血流情况,测峰值流速(PSV)及阻力指数(RI)。所有患儿经过抗炎治疗后再行超声复查,比较治疗前后淋巴结的大小、数目及内部血流的变化。结果所有患儿超声均显示有肠系膜淋巴结肿大,平均(18.5±1.7)个,淋巴结长短径比2.2±1.8;所有患儿经抗炎治疗后均于3⁶天痊愈,超声复查显示治疗后淋巴结数量(6.3±1.5)个,长短径比1.0±0.9,与治疗前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论高频彩超在小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的诊断及治疗后随访中具有较高的临床价值,可作为急性小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的首选影像学检查。     

超声引导穿刺活检在舌鳞癌术前颈部淋巴结转移诊断中的临床应用

目的探索一种确定术式和评估预后的方法,以提高舌鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断准确率。方法利用自动弹射活检装置在超声引导下对37例舌鳞癌颈部淋巴结穿刺活检。以颈淋巴结清扫术或颈淋巴结探查术后对淋巴结检查的病理结果为标准,比较超声引导穿刺活检与临床触诊对淋巴结转移的诊断准确性。结果超声引导穿刺活检诊断符合率为94.59%,较临床触诊的59.46%高,假阴性率低,无假阳性,两种方法对诊断淋巴结转移的准确指数差异有统计学意义。结论超声引导穿刺活检可以提高舌鳞癌淋巴结转移诊断准确率,舌鳞癌术前可常规用超声检查颈部淋巴结,对可疑转移的淋巴结进行穿刺活检以确定病变性质。     

儿童布鲁杆菌病的临床特点

目的 加强对儿童布鲁杆菌病(布病)临床特点的认识,减少误诊、误治的情况发生.方法 选取黑龙江省农垦总局总医院2014年1月至2015年12月收治的94例布病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 94例患儿中,男性59例,女性35例,发病主要集中在3-6月份(44例,占46.81％).感染途径以直接接触羊尤其是羊羔为主(78例,占82.98％),食用被布鲁杆菌污染的食品也可导致发病.临床主要以发热为主要症状(91例,占96.81％),以不规则热或弛张热为主;肝脾及淋巴结肿大较多见,分别与76.60％和82.98％.实验室检查肝功异常(84例,89.36％)、心肌损害(88例,93.62％)多见.影像学检查仅有18例存在膝关节少量积液,骨质无异常改变.在治疗上,除常规使用利福平、多西环素治疗外,还可选用头孢类、新型青霉素类等药物治疗,对早期或病重患儿,多选择两种或两种以上抗生素联合用药.经2～3个疗程治疗后,94例患儿全部临床治愈.结论 对于出现以不明原因发热、乏力、多汗或关节疼痛、肝脾及淋巴结肿大等为主要表现的儿童,应仔细询问其流行病学接触史,及时进行布病血清学实验和血培养等,并遵循“早期、联合、规律、长疗程”的原则进行治疗.     

宫颈细胞检查为非典型鳞状上皮细胞的临床意义及分流管理的探讨

目的:探讨宫颈细胞检查为不典型鳞状上皮细胞在宫颈病变中的临床意义,为临床提供指导和管理依据。方法:对402例细胞学检查为ASC的患者行阴道镜检查及定位活检,其中202例患者同时进行了高危HPV-DNA检测。结果:20～39岁患者高级别CIN(CINⅡ～CINⅢ)的发生率明显高于其他年龄组(P0.05)。ASC包含各级别宫颈病变,CIN的发生率为40.02%,高级别CIN(CINⅡ～CINⅢ)及浸润癌的发生率为9.70%,阴道镜诊断与病理学结果有较高一致性,Kappa=0.7(P0.001)。高危型HPV-DNA阳性组CIN检出率为78.38%,明显高于阴性组的17.19%(P0.05),高级别CIN(CINⅡ～CINⅢ)27例中26例HPV-DNA检测为阳性,鳞癌1例,HPV-DNA检测为阳性。结论:ASC中有较高的宫颈病变发生率,阴道镜检查对宫颈病变诊断有较高的预测价值,可以指导ASC的分流管理。高危HPV-DNA检测是有效的辅助诊断技术。     

液基薄层细胞学联合阴道镜筛查宫颈病变

目的:评价液基薄层细胞学(TCT)检查联合阴道镜(Vaginoscopy)在宫颈病变诊断中的价值。方法:采用TCT技术按TBS标准对2008年1月~2008年12月7 076例患者行TCT和病理诊断,将不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)以上病变均列为阳性病例,对阳性病例进一步采用阴道镜下活组织病理学检查。采用Spearman等级相关分析对细胞学和组织学检查结果的相关性进行评价。结果:检出阳性病例494例占6.98%,其中ASCUS 281例占3.97%,低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)97例占1.37%,高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)114例占1.61%,子宫颈癌2例占0.02%。阴道镜下活组织病理诊断结果为宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)228例和SCC 2例。Spearman等级相关分析显示细胞学和组织病理学检查结果高度正相关(r=0.794,P=0.000)结论:TCT可用于宫颈病变的初筛,TCT联合阴道镜下活组织检查可提高宫颈病变的检出率及准确率。     

A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) together with total atelectasis of a lung caused by lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) is a clinicopathologic entity established by Frizzera in 1974. Reported cases of AILD with pleuropulmonary involvement have been increasing recently. At Nogata Central Hospital, an 82-year-old male inpatient with brain infarctions and chronic bronchitis showed a rapid growth of systemic lymphadenopathy and various other symptoms. We diagnosed the case as AILD by histopathologic examination of a lymph node. Chest radiography and computed tomography demonstrated a loss of volume of the right lung caused by intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and a pleural effusion. Although cases of AILD with pleuropulmonary involvement have been increasing, no cases with almost total atelectasis of a lung have been reported as yet. AILD should be taken into account as a disease which may cause atelectasis of a lung.     

1602例农村妇女宫颈细胞学涂片配合阴道镜筛查宫颈疾病效果分析

目的:探讨宫颈细胞学巴氏涂片配合阴道镜检查对农村妇女宫颈疾病筛查的诊断价值。方法:对妇科门诊检查的1602例农村妇女行宫颈细胞学涂片及阴道镜检查,检出异常涂片176例,其中100例配合阴道镜检查,76例行肉眼碘试验活检(对照组),以组织学诊断为"金标准",并对结果进行分析。结果:1602例涂片中检出异常涂片176例(10.99%),对其中100例行阴道镜下活检,病理结果显示:宫颈上皮内病变(CIN)16例(16.00%);宫颈癌2例(2.00%);巴氏Ⅲ级以上可疑病变30例,活检证实CIN21例,与细胞学诊断符合率为70.00%,细胞学阴性临床可疑宫颈病变10例,活检证实CIN3例(3.00%);76例肉眼碘试验下活检诊断CIN10例(13.16%),宫颈癌1例,巴氏Ⅲ级以上29例,活检证实CIN7例,与细胞学诊断符合率为24.14%;细胞学阴性7例,CIN检出1例(14.29%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:宫颈细胞学涂片配合阴道镜检查能及早发现宫颈癌前病变,是方便、安全、经济、可靠的检查方法,尤其适用于农村妇女的宫颈疾病筛查。     

Prospective study of the natural history of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics and natural history of acute infectious mononucleosis is based largely on older, often retrospective, studies without systematic follow-up. Differences in diagnosis, methodology, or treatment between historical and current practice might affect an understanding of this illness. METHODS: Using a prospective case series design, we enrolled 150 persons with an acute illness serologically confirmed as Epstein-Barr virus infection. The goal of the study was to assess symptoms, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and functional status measures during the acute presentation and 1, 2, and 6 months later. RESULTS: Acutely, infectious mononucleosis was characterized by the symptoms of sore throat and fatigue and substantial functional impairment. Objective physical and laboratory examination findings included pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenopathy, a moderate absolute and atypical lymphocytosis, and mildly elevated transaminase levels. The traditional signs of fever and splenomegaly were relatively uncommon. By 1 month, most symptoms and signs and all laboratory tests had returned to normal. Fatigue, cervical lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, and functional health status improved more slowly. CONCLUSIONS: In contemporary practice most of the classical illness features of infectious mononucleosis are observed. Symptoms, signs, and poor functioning might be protracted in some patients.     

320例病人宫颈非典型鳞状上皮细胞的病理学分析及随访结果

目的探讨不能明确意义的非典型鳞状上皮细胞（atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,ASCUS）的临床意义及处理方式。方法分析320例ASCUS患者的组织病理学结果和阴道镜评估与镜下活检结果。结果组织病理学检查显示,慢性炎症占143例（44.69%）、CIN1级80例（占25.00%）,CIN II级47例（14.69%）,CINIII级（42例（13.12%）,浸润癌8例（2.50%）。结论宫颈细胞学检查结果 ASCUS可能是发现高级别CIN的信号。为及时发现宫颈病变需对ASCUS患者进行阴道镜检,有必要的话进行HPV-DNA检查。