成年人体质指数及相关指标与2型糖尿病关系

目的探讨江苏省南京市35岁～人群体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)和腰身比(WHtR)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)关系。方法 2004年7月对南京市的3个城区和1个郊县的35岁～居民进行横断面调查;对无T2DM的研究对象于2007年7月进行随访;采用多因素Logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估基线4个肥胖指标对T2DM发生的预测作用。结果基线调查中无T2DM共4 058人,3年后共随访3 031人,随访率为74.7%;3年后新发生的T2DM患者共计72例,累计发病率为2.4%;其中男性33例,女性39例。随着基线肥胖程度的增加,T2DM的发病危险增加;WC超标和WHtR≥0.5者发生T2DM的风险无论男女性均较高。4个肥胖指标中,ROC曲线下面积WHtR最大。结论 BMI、WC、WHR和WHtR的增加均能提升T2DM发病的危险;WHtR可能是最重要的肥胖与T2DM相关预测指标。     

Waist circumference, waist:hip ratio, and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study

This study examined prospectively the associations of waist circumference and waist:hip circumference ratio with risk of breast cancer. A total of 47,382 US registered nurses who reported their waist and hip circumferences in 1986 were followed up through May 1994 for identification of incident cases of breast cancer. During 333,097 person-years of follow-up, 1,037 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed. In proportional hazards analyses, waist circumference was nonsignificantly related to risk of premenopausal breast cancer but was significantly associated with postmenopausal breast cancer after adjustment for established breast cancer risk factors (for the highest quintile of waist circumference vs. the lowest, relative risk (RR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.72). When the analysis was limited to postmenopausal women who had never received hormone replacement therapy, a stronger positive association was found (RR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.85). After the data were further controlled for body mass index, the positive association was only slightly attenuated (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.99). Among past and current postmenopausal hormone users, no significant associations were found. Similar but slightly weaker associations were observed between waist:hip ratio and breast cancer risk. These data suggest that greater waist circumference increases risk of breast cancer, especially among postmenopausal women who are otherwise at lower risk because of never having used estrogen replacement hormones.     

不同体质指标在不同MS诊断标准中应用比较

目的 探讨体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)与代谢综合征(MS)的关系,比较它们在2004年中华医学会糖尿病学会分会(CDS)、2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)和2005年美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第3次报告修订版(NCEP-ATPⅢ)的MS诊断标准中的应用。方法 对研究资料分别采用CDS(2004)、IDF(2005)、ATPⅢ(2005)的诊断标准计算MS以及肥胖的患病率,比较不同MS标准下的BMI、WC和WHR以及它们的相关性。结果 CDS(2004),IDF(2005)、ATPⅢ(2005)的诊断标准下的MS患病率分别为15.2%,15.8%和22.6%;肥胖率分别为42%,30.5%和30.5%。3个诊断标准中MS的BMI平均值分别为27.8,28.0和27.1;男/女WC的平均值分别为93.7/87.4,96.8/89.4和93.7/851;男/女WHR的平均值分别为0.92/0.86,0.94/0.88和0.93/0.86。BMI、WC和WHR的相关系数分别为r₁(BMI/WC)=0.785,r₂(BMI/WHR)=0.580和r₃(WC/WHR)=0.878;3个诊断标准的BMI/WC相关系数分别为0.128,0.566和0.682,BMI和WC均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 BMI,WC和WHR与MS关系密切,并存在高度相关性:BMI和WC均可用于肥胖的判断以及作为MS诊断标准的组分;对中国人而言,肥胖在MS中的地位与其他组分地位应相同。     

Association of the maternal experience and changes in adiposity measured by BMI, waist:hip ratio and percentage body fat in urban Brazilian women

The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the maternal experience and changes in adiposity measured by BMI, percentage body fat (PBF) and waist:hip ratio (WHR). In a cross-sectional study, 203 women were recruited at health care and educational facilities in Brasilia, Brazil. These women were divided into three groups: fifty-three nulliparous (no full-term pregnancy); sixty-three primiparous (one full-term pregnancy); eighty-seven multiparous (two or more full-term pregnancies). Socio-economic, behavioural, reproductive and dietary data were collected. All the women were measured for weight, height, skinfold thicknesses and waist and hip circumferences. Analysis of covariance was used to measure the differences among the three groups in relation to BMI, PBF, and WHR, controlling for the following covariates: age; socio-economic status; use of oral contraceptives; smoking; energy intake level; cooking oil intake; physical activity level; lactation score; parity. The three groups of women differed significantly for BMI (P = 0.04), PBF (P = 0.0008), and WHR (P = 0.0001). Multiparous women presented higher BMI (P = 0.01) and PBF (P = 0.03) compared with primi- and nulliparous groups. PBF was also associated with age and high socio-economic status. Primi- and multiparous women showed a higher WHR than nulliparous women (P < 0.0001). Age and smoking habit were also factors associated with higher WHR.     

Weight change and changes in the metabolic syndrome as the French population moves towards overweight: the D.E.S.I.R. cohort

BACKGROUND: How weight change affects the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its parameters is unknown, particularly, in a leaner European population such as the French prospective D.E.S.I.R. cohort. METHODS: In 3770 D.E.S.I.R. participants (sex ratio=1) averaging 47.5 years (range 30-64), with measured weight and MS parameters at baseline (D0) and at 6 year follow-up (D6), we assessed this relationship across five weight-change classes, using stable weight as the referent group (-2 to +2 kg). We used analysis-of-covariance to assess changes in each MS parameter and logistic regression to assess incident MS, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). We also assessed weight-change effect on MS status between D0 and D6. RESULTS: At D0, average weight was 68.4 kg (SD 12.3); BMI was 24.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.5). From D0-D6, the cohort gained a mean 2.1 kg (median 2.0; SD 4.4). After adjustment for age and D0 weight, there was a strong linear relationship with weight change and worsening of the following MS parameters at D6: fasting insulin, waist girth, fasting glucose, fasting triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.0001). After age adjustment, for every kilogram gained over 6 years, risk of developing the NCEP Syndrome increased 22% (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.18-1.25). NCEP-MS was incident in 3% of those with stable weight compared with 21% among those gaining >9 kg; 10% of those who lost >2 kg reverted to non-NCEP-MS. CONCLUSIONS: All continuous MS measures are linearly related to weight change, and MS can resolve with modest weight loss, underscoring the importance of maintaining lifelong normal weight.     

Association of waist to hip ratio and family history with the prevalence of NIDDM among 25,272 adult, white females.

The independent association of waist to hip ratio (WHR), relative weight, and family history with the prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was investigated in a population of 25,254 White females in the United States and Canada. A multivariate logistic analysis yielded standardized odds ratios of 1.47, 1.46, 1.54, and 1.14 for family history index, WHR, relative weight, and age, respectively.     

Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study

BACKGROUND: The higher risk of type 2 diabetes in persons with a high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) has mostly been attributed to increased visceral fat accumulation. However, smaller hip or thigh circumference may also explain the predictive value of the WHR or WTR for type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: This study considered prospectively the association of hip and thigh circumferences, independent of waist circumference, with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: The Hoorn Study is a population-based cohort study of diabetes. A total of 1357 men and women aged 50-75 y and nondiabetic at baseline participated in the 6-y follow-up examination. Glucose tolerance was assessed by use of a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test. Baseline anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist, hip, and thigh circumferences. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that a 1-SD larger hip circumference gave an odds ratio (OR) for developing diabetes of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.85) in men and 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) in women, after adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference. The adjusted ORs for a 1-SD larger thigh circumference were 0.79 (0.53, 1.19) in men and 0.64 (0.46, 0.93) in women. In contrast with hip and thigh circumferences, waist circumference was positively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in these models (ORs ranging from 1.60 to 2.66). CONCLUSION: Large hip and thigh circumferences are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, age, and waist circumference, whereas a larger waist circumference is associated with a higher risk.     

BMI、WC和腰臀比与2型糖尿病患者死亡风险的队列研究

目的  了解淮安市2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus type 2,T2DM)患者不同肥胖指标对其死亡风险的影响。方法  将淮安市2013年1月1日―2020年12月31日队列随访的9 759例T2DM患者与死因监测平台进行匹配,确定死亡病例。根据BMI、WC、腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)对随访人群进行分组,采用Cox比例风险模型探究肥胖指标对于T2DM患者全死因死亡风险。随后采用敏感性分析,剔除吸烟人群、随访第1年死亡者、基线患心脑血管病者后分析全死因死亡风险情况。结果  不同年龄、WC、WHR及其他指标的人群BMI差异均有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05)。且调整混杂因素后发现,在超重和肥胖人群与正常人群相比死亡风险分别下降17%和27%,差异均有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05)。患者WC与非中心性肥胖相比,中心性肥胖前期和中心性肥胖时期均可以降低死亡风险,不同WHR人群死亡风险差异无统计学意义。结论  目前死亡风险存在“肥胖悖论”现象,研究发现超重和肥胖人群以及中心性肥胖前期死亡风险具有保护作用。     

南京市成年人体重指数、腰围、腰臀比、腰高比与高血糖关系的随访研究

目的 探讨南京市成年人BMI、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)和腰高比(WHtR)与高血糖发病危险的关系.方法 2004年7月对南京市3个城区和1个郊县的35岁以上居民开展横断面调查,对无高血糖的人群于2007年7月进行随访.采用多因素logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估基线4个肥胖指标对高血糖发生的预测作用.结果 基线调查时无高血糖者共3727名,3年后共随访3031名,随访率为81.3%.高血糖3年累计发病率为6.7%;男女性发病率差异无统计学意义(6.3%vs.7.0%).经多元线性回归分析,BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR平均增加一个单位,随访时空腹血糖值分别增加0.015 mmol/L、0.023 mmol/L、1.923 mmol/L、2.382 mmol/L.随着基线肥胖程度的增加,高血糖的发病危险增加.WHtR≥0.5者发生高血糖的风险,男性(OR=1.998,95%C1:1.231～3.212)和女性(OR=1.832,95%CI:1.157～2.902)均高于其他肥胖指标.4个肥胖指标中,ROC曲线下面积WHtR最大.结论 BMI、WC、WHR和WHtR值的上升均能增加高血糖发病的风险;而WHtR会成为预测高血糖的重要指标.