主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形伴主动脉瓣病变的外科治疗

主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形伴主动脉瓣功能障碍的病例罕见 ,现对我们外科治疗的 4例主动脉瓣四叶瓣畸形伴主动脉瓣狭窄或 (和 )关闭不全病例报道如下。临床资料　 4例中男 3例 ,女 1例。年龄 2 7～ 39岁。劳累后心悸、气短病程 1～ 5年。 3例主动脉瓣第 2听诊区均闻及舒张期泼水样杂音 ,脉压差 5 0～ 10 0ｍｍＨｇ(1ｍｍＨｇ =0 133ｋＰａ) ,1例主动脉瓣听诊区可闻及收缩期喷射样杂音。心电图显示均为窦性心律 ,3例左室扩大 ,1例左室劳损。Ｘ线胸片显示 3例左室扩大 ,心胸比率 0 5 3～ 0 71。多普勒超声心动图提示 ,3例左室明显扩大 ,1例左室向…     

先天性主动脉瓣两瓣化畸形的外科治疗

1998年6月至2009年12月,我科手术治疗主动脉瓣两瓣化畸形56例,取得良好的治疗效果,现总结其临床经验。1临床资料与方法1.1一般资料本组共56例,男31例,女25例;年龄38~72岁（49.6±5.8岁）。     

小儿先天性主动脉瓣上狭窄的外科治疗

目的 回顾和总结先天性主动脉瓣上狭窄(SVAS)的手术治疗经验.方法 2004年1月至2008年12月,收治43例SVAS患者,年龄6个月～15岁(平均4.3岁).局限型35例,广泛型8例.局限型行主动脉瓣窦–升主动脉补片扩大成形术;广泛型行升主动脉–主动脉弓延长补片成形术.21例行肺动脉分支狭窄扩大,2例行二尖瓣整形术.结果 3例局限型SVAS用Gore-Tex片扩大狭窄因吻合口明显渗血,改用心包片后好转;5例合并冠状动脉狭窄者中3例死亡,1例再手术后存活.随访9～60个月,局限型SVAS残余梗阻2例(5.7%);广泛型SVAS主动脉弓三大分支动脉残余梗阻4例(80%),补片远心端残余梗阻3例(37.5%).结论 SVAS早期手术可减轻左右心室的后负荷;改良Gore-Tex补片方法明显减少术后渗血.SVAS合并冠状动脉狭小可能是术后较高死亡率的原因.     

先天性主动脉瓣四瓣畸形1例

先天性主动脉瓣四瓣畸形１例胡伟恩，高惠荣，包高兴，李浒，毛宝根主动脉瓣四瓣畸形为罕见的先天性心血管畸形。我院收治１例，并经手术证实，现结合文献报告如下：病人女，２５岁。发现心脏杂音１０年，劳累后心悸气急１年。查体：血压２１．７／４．０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ...     

先天性主动脉瓣四瓣化畸形合并升主动脉瘤1例

病人男，35例。间断胸闷2个月。查体：血压190／50mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)；心界扩大；主动脉瓣第1、2听诊区可闻及双期杂音；水冲脉、股动脉枪击音阳性、毛细血管征阳性。X线胸片示心脏近似“靴形”，中上纵隔增宽，升主动脉迂曲，心尖向左下延长，心胸比率0．62。心电图示左心室肥厚、劳损。心脏彩色超声检查示左室明显扩大，舒张期末     

自体肺动脉瓣移植术治疗先天性主动脉瓣病变

目的　总结自体肺动脉瓣移植手术 (Ross手术 )治疗先天性主动脉瓣病变的疗效。方法　自 1994年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 11月 ,共收治 2 0例先天性主动脉瓣病变患者行Ross手术治疗 ,其中男 15例 ,女 5例 ,平均年龄 2 5岁 ;术前诊断 :主动脉瓣二瓣畸形 12例 ,主动脉瓣叶脱垂 5例 ,瓣叶发育不良 3例 ,合并亚急性细菌性心内膜炎 4例 ,合并室间隔缺损 2例。术前超声心动图检查 (UCG)示所有患者均存在主动脉瓣狭窄或 /并关闭不全 (中重度 )。左心室舒张末内径 (LVDD) (6 0 5 1±11 87)mm ,主动脉瓣跨瓣压差 (2 7 0 4± 6 80 )mmHg。心功能 (NYHA分级 )Ⅱ级 17例 ,Ⅲ级 3例。所有病例均在全麻体外循环中度低温下进行 ,手术分三步进行 :(1)采取自体肺动脉瓣 ;(2 )切除病变的主动脉瓣并移植自体肺动脉瓣于主动脉位 ;(3)利用同种动脉瓣重建右心室流出道。结果　全组患者无手术死亡 ;左心室舒张末内径明显缩小 ,为 (46 38± 9 17)mm (t=3 4 0 0 7,P =0 0 0 0 8) ,术后主动脉跨瓣压差降至正常范围 (6 80± 0 19)mmHg。术后随访 3个月至 9年 ,所有患者的主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣结构及功能正常。结论　自体肺动脉瓣移植手术是一种临床疗效好的治疗先天性主动脉瓣病变的手术方法 ,近中期效果良好。     

主动脉瓣上狭窄的外科治疗

１９０年４月至１９６年１１月收治７例主动脉瓣上狭窄（ＳＶＡＳ）病人，其中４例为Ｗｉｌｉａｍｓ综合征。术前超声心动图测定跨狭窄段压力阶差为８．０～１９．２ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ），平均１１．０９±４．３ｋＰａ。所有病人均行主动脉扩大补片成形术。结果：无围术期死亡，随访２～８０个月，平均２５．７个月，解除狭窄满意，仅１例出现轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全。结论：运用菱形补片直接进行主动脉扩大成形术仍然是矫治沙漏型ＳＶＡＳ的首选方法。Ｗｉｌｉａｍｓ综合征病人应注意是否合并其他畸形。超声心动图对于ＳＶＡＳ的诊断具有独特作用     

主动脉瓣上狭窄的外科治疗

报告１３例主动脉瓣上狭窄（ｓｕｐｒａｖａｌｖｕｌａｒａｏｒｔｉｃｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓ，ＳＶＡＳ）病例的治疗。其中局限型１１例，弥漫型２例。合并的心血管畸形包括：主动脉瓣狭窄５例，主动脉瓣反流２例，主动脉瓣环发育不全２例，冠状动脉畸形６例，动脉导管未闭１例，多发肺动脉狭窄１例，肺动脉瓣上隔膜１例，头臂动脉畸形５例。１３例病人中，９例行狭窄解除术，１例用同种升主动脉行心尖至胸主动脉架桥术，１例单纯动脉导管结扎术，２例未手术。结果手术早期死亡２例，晚期死亡１例。作者认为ＳＶＡＳ手术治疗的要点为：（１）充分解除主动脉瓣上狭窄；（２）避免一切影响冠状动脉灌注的因素；（２）妥善处理并存的主动脉瓣病变。     

3例瓣膜成形治疗主动脉瓣二瓣叶畸形合并关闭不全

３例瓣膜成形治疗主动脉瓣二瓣叶畸形合并关闭不全陈钢魏荣徐克劲陈文庆作者单位：７３００５０兰州军区总医院胸心外科现在广州第一军医大学南方医院胸心外科５１０５１５１９８５年１２月至１９９４年１２月，我们曾为３例先天性主动脉瓣二瓣叶畸形合并主动脉瓣关闭...     

四例小主动脉瓣环风湿性心瓣膜病患者的外科治疗

自1997年8月～2007年10月我们收治了4例小主动脉瓣环风湿性心瓣膜病患者，主动脉瓣环均无法通过19mm的测瓣器，通过加宽主动脉瓣环后行人工瓣膜置换术，治疗效果满意，现总结其临床经验。     

Current Topics on Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Clinical Aspects and Surgical Management

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) has been identified as the most common heart valve anomaly and is considered to be a heritable disorder that affects various cardiovascular disorders, including aortopathy. Current topics regarding the clinical management of BAV including surgical strategies with or without concomitant aortic repair or replacement are attracting interest, in addition to the pathological and morphological aspects of BAV as well as aortopathy. However, surgical indications are still being debated and are dependent on current clinical guidelines and surgeons’ preferences. Although clinical guidelines have already been established for the management of BAV with or without aortopathy, many studies on clinical management and surgical techniques involving various kinds of subjects have previously been published. Although a large number of studies concerning the clinical aspects of BAV have been reviewed in detail, controversy still surrounds the clinical and surgical management of BAV. Therefore, surgeons should carefully consider valve pathology when deciding whether to replace the ascending aorta. In this review, we summarized current topics on BAV and the surgical management of diseased BAV with or without aortopathy based on previous findings, including catheter-based interventional management.     

Aortic Dissecting Aneurysm with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Turner's Syndrome: Report of a Case

We herein report the performance of a successful, modified Bentall procedure and a total arch replacement for a Stanford type A chronic aortic dissection and a bicuspid aortic valve in Turner's syndrome (TS). The patient was a 45-year-old woman with 45, XO karyotype TS, who had had a history of hypertension since the age of 20. She had also been diagnosed as having a dilatation of the ascending aorta and a bicuspid aortic valve 3 years earlier. The patient became aware of back pain 6 months prior to the current admission, and was diagnosed as having a Stanford type A chronic aortic dissection and a bicuspid aortic valve with mild aortic regurgitation. One of the greatest concerns in TS is the risk of aortic dissection. Regarding the operation, aortic root replacement is one of the options for a bicuspid aortic valve so as to avoid high-risk surgical procedures in TS.     

Comparative Finite Element Model Analysis of Ascending Aortic Flow in Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valve

In bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, the role of genetic and hemodynamic factors influencing ascending aortic pathology is controversial. To test the effect of BAV geometry on ascending aortic flow, a finite element analysis was undertaken. A surface model of aortic root and ascending aorta was obtained from magnetic resonance images of patients with BAV and tricuspid aortic valve using segmentation facilities of the image processing code Vascular Modeling Toolkit (developed at the Mario Negri Institute). Analytical models of bicuspid (antero‐posterior [AP], type 1 and latero‐lateral, type 2 commissures) and tricuspid orifices were mathematically defined and turned into a volumetric mesh of linear tetrahedra for computational fluid dynamics simulations. Numerical simulations were performed with the finite element code LifeV. Flow velocity fields were assessed for four levels: aortic annulus, sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta. Comparison of finite element analysis of bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve showed different blood flow velocity pattern. Flow in bicuspid configurations showed asymmetrical distribution of velocity field toward the convexity of mid‐ascending aorta returning symmetrical in distal ascending aorta. On the contrary, tricuspid flow was symmetrical in each aortic segment. Comparing type 1 BAV with type 2 BAV, more pronounced recirculation zones were noticed in the latter. Finally, we found that in both BAV configurations, maximum wall shear stress is highly localized at the convex portion of the mid‐ascending aorta level. Comparison between models showed asymmetrical and higher flow velocity in bicuspid models, in particular in the AP configuration. Asymmetry was more pronounced at the aortic level known to be more exposed to aneurysm formation in bicuspid patients. This supports the hypothesis that hemodynamic factors may contribute to ascending aortic pathology in this subset of patients.     

Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Background: Concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently seen in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). When the severity of MR is moderate or less, the decision to undertake simultaneous mitral valve intervention can be challenging.Methods: A systematic search of Medline, PubMed (NCBI), Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted to qualitatively assess the current evidence for concomitant mitral valve intervention for MR in patients with AS undergoing AVR. The primary outcome for this systematic review was the postoperative change in the severity of MR and other outcomes of interest included factors that predict improvement or persistence of MR and long-term impacts of residual MR.Results: A total of 17 studies were included. The percentage of patients demonstrating improvement in MR severity following AVR ranged from 17.2% to 72%; the studies that exclusively included patients with moderate functional MR and reported longer term echocardiographic follow-up of greater than 12 months demonstrated an improvement in MR severity of 45% to 72%.Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that a proportion of patients can exhibit an improvement in MR following isolated surgical AVR, but whether this confers any long-term morbidity and mortality benefit remains unclear.