螺旋CT引导下自动切割针系统在肺活检中的应用价值

目的 研究螺旋CT引导下，采用自动可分离切割针系统经皮穿刺活检的诊断价值。方法 螺旋CT引导，使用自动弹射活检枪、16G～21G可调式同轴切割针，对287例肺内结节性病灶行经皮穿刺肺活检。结果 262例获定性诊断，其中恶性病变195例，良性病变67例，定性诊断率为91.3％，气胸、咯血等轻微并发症为21.3％。结论 螺旋CT引导下自动可分离切割针系统是一种安全、准确、有效的肺球形病灶检查方法，值得临床推广。     

比较CT引导穿刺活检对肺内大小结节的诊断价值

目的 比较研究ＣＴ引导刺活检对肺内不同大小结节诊断应用价值。方法 对９６例患者的肺人结节，依大小将大于３ｃｍ的列为大结节，小于３ｃｍ的列为小结节。确诊率通过组织病理学结果评价。并记录肺出智力气胸的发生率。结果 肺内大结节ＣＴ引导穿刺确诊率为９１％，气胸发生率８％；肺内小结节ＣＴ引导穿刺确诊率为９０％，气胸发生率１０％。结论 ＣＴ引导穿刺活检肺内大结节，小结节确诊率是机上的，两者的并发症同样低。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺切割活检的价值及安全性

目的：评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部疑难疾病的诊断价值及安全性。方法：回顾性分析有手术病理、临床或影像随访结果的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检105例,其中97例为肺部局限性病灶（A组）,8例肺部弥漫性病灶（B组）。结果：2组共有101例穿刺物结果与手术病理、临床或影像学随访结果相符：穿刺诊断正确率96．2％。A组穿刺诊断正确率（99．0％）高于B组（62．5％）（P〈0．01）。A组肺癌占79．4％（77／97;B组肺癌占60．0％（3／5）;二组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组合计发生气胸24例;出血34例,其中咯血18例。结论：cT引导下经皮肺穿刺切割活检穿刺诊断正确率高,是肺内疑难病变定性诊断的理想方法;使用18G穿刺针,可减少穿刺次数、降低出血的发生。     

CT导引经胸组织芯活检术的临床应用

目的　探讨CT导引经胸组织芯活检 (TCNB)的临床应用价值。方法　应用CookQC 18、19或 2 0G弹枪式活检针 ,对 12 1例肺部疾病行CT导引经胸肺活检。 10 5例系孤立结节状病灶 ,直径 0 .8～ 9.5cm ,平均 (3.4± 1.9)cm ;另 16例为两个以上病灶或弥漫性病变。取材后常规CT复查观察有无气胸、出血等并发症。结果　 12 1例中 ,恶性病变 86例 ,TCNB阳性 79例 ,诊断敏感性为 91.9% ,假阴性7例 ,没有假阳性 ,诊断特异性 10 0 % ,确定组织学类型 70例 ,特异诊断率 81.4 % ;良性病变 35例 ,TCNB诊断准确 32例 ,敏感性 91.4 % ,其中 2 6例做出特异性诊断 ,特异诊断率 74 .3% ;总准确率 91.7% (111/12 1)。并发症有 :少量气胸 2 2例 (18.2 % ) ,肺出血 19例 (15 .7% ) ,少量咯血或痰中带血 9例 (占 7.4 % ) ,均未做特殊处理而自愈。结论　CT导引下经胸组织芯肺活检是一种安全、可靠的检查方法 ,诊断准确率高 ,特别是在非肺癌的恶性病变和良性肺疾病的特异性诊断中有较高的应用价值。     

CT导引下切割针在肺周围性病变穿刺活检中的应用

CT导引经皮肺穿刺切割活检术,因其能提供较完整的组织条,且并发症并不明显增加,现在临床上有取代先前的细针穿刺抽吸活检术之势。自动弹枪式不可分解切割针因针心与针体不可分解拆离,尾部手柄大而重,操作起来定位不方便,且文献对自动弹枪式不可分解切割针在肺周围性病变穿刺活检中应用报道较少。笔者收集我院自2006年6月-2009年2月采用18G自动弹枪式不可分解切割针行CT导引经皮穿刺肺周围性病变活检82例,     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检168例分析

经皮穿刺肺活检是临床上对肺组织进行病理活检取材的常用方法,CT引导下经皮肺活检定位准确、阳性率高、并发症少,已得到越来越广泛的应用。我院2001年6月-2005年2月应用此技术对未能明确诊断的168例肺部周围占位性病灶进行了经皮肺穿刺活检,现报告如下。     

直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检

目的:评价直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的价值。方法:68例直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶在CT引导下,采用抽吸式活检针,选择最佳穿刺层面及穿刺点获取标本。结果:本组病例共行84次穿刺活检,获得细胞学涂片检查者68例,获得组织学检查59例。总的诊断准确度为89.7%,其中细胞学和组织学标本诊断准确度分别为662%(45/68)和81.4%(48/59)。阳性预告值和阴性预告值分别为100%(51/51)和58.8%(10/17)。并发症:气胸16例(23.5%),出血5例(7.4%),咯血4例(5.9%)。结论:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种创伤小而实用的定性诊断方法,对直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶的诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

CT导引下自动活检枪经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用

目的:探讨CT导向下18G自动活检枪肺活检对肺部结节及肿块病变的临床诊断价值。方法:在CT导向下使用18G自动活检枪对125例患者进行活检取材并送病理检查。结果:穿刺成功率100%,取材成功率98.4%。取材后120例取得病检结果,其中原发性肺癌79例(鳞癌39例,腺癌28例,大细胞癌4例,小细胞癌6例,腺鳞癌2例),肺滑膜肉瘤1例,肺错构瘤2例,肺硬化性血管瘤1例,炎性肿块28例,结核9例。穿刺后4例出现少量气胸,8例针道周围出血,4例痰中带血。结论:CT导引下18G同轴自动活检枪肺活检具有定位精准、穿刺成功率高、获取组织标本可满足病理诊断要求、并发症较少等优点,对肺部结节及肿块病变的定性诊断具有较高的应用价值。     

16层CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检的应用体会

<正>16层CT具有薄层、快速扫描、三维重组的功能,在其引导下行经皮肺穿刺活检有明显优势。现回顾性分析在我院行16层CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的85例,以探讨此技术对肺内病灶的临床应用价值。     

CT引导肺穿刺活检诊断肺炎型肺癌的价值研究

目的：探讨CT引导肺穿刺活检术诊断肺炎型肺癌的临床价值。方法：搜集26例首诊为炎性病变,后经临床病理证实为肺癌患者的病例资料,将其中确诊前接受了CT引导肺部病变穿刺活检术的19例作为本组研究病例进行回顾性分析。结果：根据CT引导肺部病变穿刺活检物获得病理诊断为腺癌12例,细支气管肺泡癌6例,肺泡上皮乳头状重度异型不典型增生1例（手术证实为乳头状腺癌）。本组病例CT引导肺穿刺活检物病检阳性率为100%。结论：CT引导肺穿刺活检术对明确肺炎型肺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

经皮肺穿诊断肺癌的价值

目的　探索模拟机及CT导引经皮肺穿对肺部病灶定性诊断的价值。方法　 32 0例肺部病灶病人 ,模拟定位机导引经皮肺穿 2 90例 ,病灶 1cm× 2cm～ 10cm× 12cm ,周围型 2 6 5例 ;中央型 2 0例 ,两肺弥漫型 5例 ;CT定位经皮肺穿30例 ,病灶 1cm× 1cm～ 3cm× 4cm ;周围型 11例 ;中央型 19例。结果　 30 0例患者确诊为肺癌 ;15例为良性病变。模拟机及CT定位 :癌症确诊率分别为 93.8% (2 72 / 2 90 )和 93.3% (2 8/ 30 ) ;发现早期肺癌分别为 2例和 3例 ;肺部病灶的定性确诊率分别为 98.3% (2 85 / 2 90 )和 10 0 % (30 / 30 ) ;气胸发生率分别为 6 .6 % (19/ 2 90 )和 3.3% (1/ 30 ) ;穿刺后出血发生率分别为 16 6 % (4 8/ 2 90 )和 10 .0 % (3/ 30 )。结论　模拟机及CT导引经皮肺穿安全 ,准确、诊断迅速 ,对肺部病灶的定性诊断有重要意义 ,还可发现早期肺癌。     

320例胸部病变CT引导经皮穿刺活检总结

目的：评价CT引导经皮胸部穿刺术的诊断价值和并发症。材料和方法：收集资料完整的320例CT引导胸部穿刺活检病例作回顾性分析。肺部病变267例,纵隔病变30例,胸壁和胸膜病变23例。统计敏感性、特异性、准确性和并发症,并分析其影响因素。结果：191例穿刺确诊为恶性肿瘤。穿刺未发现癌细胞者129例,后经手术和随访证实其中属特征性阴性结果者58例,非特征性阴性结果46例,假阴性25例。未见假阳性,阳性预测值为100％（191／191）,敏感性为88．4％（191／216）,特异性为80．6％（104／129）,准确性为92．2％（295／320）,假阴性率为19．4％（25／129）。29例发生气胸,占9．1％（29／320）,但仅1．6％（5／320）需要引流处理。肺出血12例,咯血12例,纵隔血肿8例,均为少量,不需处理。结论：CT引导经皮胸部穿刺是敏感性高和安全的定性诊断方法,降低假阴性是进一步提高准确性的关键。     

Automated Lung Nodule Detection at Low-Dose CT: Preliminary Experience

Objective

To determine the usefulness of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the automated detection of lung nodules at low-dose CT.

Materials and Methods

A CAD system developed for detecting lung nodules was used to process the data provided by 50 consecutive low-dose CT scans. The results of an initial report, a second look review by two chest radiologists, and those obtained by the CAD system were compared, and by reviewing all of these, a gold standard was established.

Results

By applying the gold standard, a total of 52 nodules were identified (26 with a diameter ≤ 5 mm; 26 with a diameter > 5 mm). Compared to an initial report, four additional nodules were detected by the CAD system. Three of these, identified only at CAD, formed part of the data used to derive the gold standard. For the detection of nodules > 5 mm in diameter, sensitivity was 77% for the initial report, 88% for the second look review, and 65% for the CAD system. There were 8.0±5.2 false-positive CAD results per CT study.

Conclusion

These preliminary results indicate that a CAD system may improve the detection of pulmonary nodules at low-dose CT.     

PET/CT融合三维图像定位肺穿刺活检靶点的增益价值

目的:探讨PET/CT融合三维图像定位肺穿刺活检靶点的增益价值。方法:分析54例PET/CT引导和93例单纯CT引导的范围≥3cm或疑似合并坏死、阻塞性炎症、实变及不张的肺部病变活检资料,比较2种引导方法总的检出率、假阴性率、阴性预测值、准确率,采用配对四格表资料的χ~2检验,进行统计学分析。结果:PET/CT引导组的检出率为98.1%(53/54),假阴性率为5.3%(2/38),阴性预测值为88.2%(15/17),准确率为96.2%(51/53)。单纯CT引导组的检出率为84.9%(79/93),假阴性率为23.3%(10/43),阴性预测值为78.3%(36/46),准确率为87.3%(69/79)。采用配对四格表资料的χ~2检验,2种引导方法的检出率的差异(χ~2=6.50,0.010.05)和准确率的差异(χ~2=2.05,P>0.05)无统计学意义。结论:对于范围≥3cm或疑似合并坏死、阻塞性炎症、实变及不张的肺部病变,PET/CT融合三维图像引导穿刺活检的有效率高于单纯CT形态学引导,有一定的临床增益价值。     

60例3厘米以下肺内球形病灶瘤─肺界面CT─病理对照分析

本文复习了经手术病理证实的直径≤３ｃｍ的肺内孤立性球形病灶６０例（肺癌４２例、良性结节１８例）的ＣＴ像。ＣＴ像显示结节边缘粗糙者小肺癌占８１％，良性结节占２８％。结节主要ＣＴ像层面上多毛刺（多于６根）结节小肺癌占７１％，良性结节仅占１１％。ＣＴ像见结节边缘有锯齿征９例，病理证实均为肺癌，此征与癌灶边缘不等速浸润生长有关。ＣＴ－病理对照结果显示锯齿征是诊断周围型小肺癌很重要的一个ＣＴ征象，ＣＴ像上结节边缘光滑程度及毛刺数的多少有助于肺周围球形小病灶的良、恶性鉴别诊断。     

Combined Fluoroscopy- and CT-Guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy Using a C-Arm Cone-Beam CT System: Comparison with Fluoroscopy-Guided Biopsy

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of combined fluoroscopy- and CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (FC-TNB) using a cone beam CT system in comparison to fluoroscopy-guided TNB (F-TNB).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 74 FC-TNB cases (group A) and 97 F-TNB cases (group B) to compare their respective diagnostic accuracies according to the size and depth of the lesion, as well as complications, procedure time, and radiation dose.

Results

The sensitivity for malignancy and diagnostic accuracy for small (< 30 mm in size) and deep (≥ 50 mm in depth) lesions were higher in group A (91% and 94%, 92% and 94%) than in group B (73% and 81%, 84% and 88%), however not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Concerning lesions ≥ 30 mm in size and < 50 mm in depth, both groups displayed similar results (group A, 91% and 92%, 80% and 87%; group B, 90% and 92%, 86% and 90%). Pneumothorax occurred 26% of the time in group A and 14% for group B. The mean procedure time and patient skin dose were significantly higher in group A (13.6 ± 4.0 minutes, 157.1 ± 76.5 mGy) than in group B (9.0 ± 3.5 minutes, 21.9 ± 15.2 mGy) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Combined fluoroscopy- and CT-guided TNB allows the biopsy of small (< 30 mm) and deep lesions (≥ 50 mm) with high diagnostic accuracy and short procedure times, whereas F-TNB is still a useful method for large and superficial lesions with a low radiation dose.     

肺炎性结节CT征象分析

目的：探讨肺炎性结节的ＣＴ诊断和鉴别。方法：１９例常规胸部ＣＴ和高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）扫描，炎性假瘤１５例手术病理证实，４例球形肺炎随访１～２月明显缩小或吸收。另按ＣＴ序号收集同期病理证实≤３ｃｍ周围型肺癌３０例，结核球１５例与之鉴别。结果：１７／１９肺炎性结节居上叶后段或下叶背段、基底段肺周边紧贴胸膜；形态多样１４／１９，类圆形５／１９；轮廓模糊不规则和长条索１８／１９；空气支气管征５／１９，空洞４／１９，密度均匀１０／１９；１５／１９周围有较明显点片絮状炎症表现，１６／１９不同程度胸膜增厚。结论：大多数肺炎性结节的ＣＴ表现与周围型肺癌、结核球者是不同的。     

CT导引下同轴穿刺针胸部病变穿刺活检(附48例分析)

目的：探讨同轴穿刺针在胸部病变检中的应用。材料与方法：应用仿Ｇｒｅｅｎ针改制的２０Ｇ同轴穿刺针对４８例胸部病变患者在ＣＴ导向下穿刺活检。其中３８例结节或肿块性病变大小为１．５￣４．２ｃｍ×２．８￣１０．５ｃｍ,平均２．６ｃｍ×５．８ｃｍ;肺实变１０例。结果：４８例病灶共取材１１０次,平均２．３次。组织学标本获取率９３．８％（４５／４８）,恶性病变诊断准确率１００％（２１／２１）,良性病变诊断准确率     

CT引导下细针穿刺活检对肺部空洞性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮细针穿刺活检在肺部空洞性肿块中的诊断价值.方法 97例肺内孤立性肿块或结节伴有空洞的患者,进行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,以手术病理或1年随访的最终诊断为标准,计算CT穿刺活检的诊断准确率,比较不同病灶大小及空洞壁厚度下CT穿刺活检的诊断敏感度、特异度及准确率,并采用Logistic回归分析CT穿刺活检并发症的危险因素.结果 CT穿刺活检的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为97.4％,90.0％及95.9％,不同大小病灶(直径＜2 cm或≥2 cm)、不同空洞壁厚度(＜5或≥5 mm)其敏感度、特异度及准确率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).9例(9.3％)CT穿刺后出现少量气胸,14例(14.4％)出现少许肺泡出血,穿刺并发症与病灶大小、空洞壁厚度、针道深度及穿刺针大小无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 CT引导下经皮细针穿刺活检安全,对肺部空洞性病变的诊断准确性高.     

Pulmonary Masses: Initial Results of Cone-beam CT Guidance with Needle Planning Software for Percutaneous Lung Biopsy

Purpose

To evaluate the outcome of percutaneous lung biopsy (PLB) findings using cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) guidance (CBCT guidance) and compared to conventional biopsy guidance techniques.

Methods

CBCT guidance is a stereotactic technique for needle interventions, combining 3D soft-tissue cone-beam CT, needle planning software, and real-time fluoroscopy. Between March 2007 and August 2010, we performed 84 Tru-Cut PLBs, where bronchoscopy did not provide histopathologic diagnosis. Mean patient age was 64.6 (range 24–85) years; 57 patients were men, and 25 were women. Records were prospectively collected for calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. We also registered fluoroscopy time, room time, interventional time, dose–area product (DAP), and complications. Procedures were divided into subgroups (e.g., location, size, operator).

Results

Mean lesion diameter was 32.5 (range 3.0–93.0)?mm, and the mean number of samples per biopsy procedure was 3.2 (range 1–7). Mean fluoroscopy time was 161 (range 104–551)?s, room time was 34 (range 15–79)?min, mean DAP value was 25.9 (range 3.9–80.5)?Gy·cm^?2, and interventional time was 18 (range 5–65)?min. Of 84 lesions, 70 were malignant (83.3%) and 14 were benign (16.7%). Seven (8.3%) of the biopsy samples were nondiagnostic. All nondiagnostic biopsied lesions proved to be malignant during surgical resection. The outcome for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86–96), 100% (95% CI 82–100), 100% (95% CI 96–100), 66.7% (95% CI 55–83), and 91.7% (95% CI 86–96), respectively. Sixteen patients (19%) had minor and 2 (2.4%) had major complications.

Conclusion

CBCT guidance is an effective method for PLB, with results comparable to CT/CT fluoroscopy guidance.