扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造

目的 介绍单纯应用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣进行乳房再造方法。方法 将背阔肌周围脂肪组织分为5个区，在背部设计半月形皮肤切口，切取背阔肌及周围脂肪组织，不应用乳房假体，进行即时或后期乳房再造。结果 应用该方法乳房再造35例，再造乳房形态良好，结论 扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造，安全有效，再造乳房形态良好，是乳房再造的重要进展。     

扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造

目的介绍单纯应用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣进行乳房再造方法.方法将背阔肌周围脂肪组织分为5个区,在背部设计半月形皮肤切口,切取背阔肌及周围脂肪组织,不应用乳房假体,进行即时或后期乳房再造.结果应用该方法乳房再造35例,再造乳房形态良好.结论扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造,安全有效,再造乳房形态良好,是乳房再造的重要进展.     

扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造

目的　介绍单纯应用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣进行乳房再造方法。方法　将背阔肌周围脂肪组织分为 5个区 ,在背部设计半月形皮肤切口 ,切取背阔肌及周围脂肪组织 ,不应用乳房假体 ,进行即时或后期乳房再造。结果　应用该方法乳房再造 35例 ,再造乳房形态良好。结论　扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造 ,安全有效 ,再造乳房形态良好 ,是乳房再造的重要进展。     

扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造

目的 介绍单纯应用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣进行乳房再造方法.方法 将背阔肌周围脂肪组织分为5个区,切取背阔肌及周围脂肪组织,不应用乳房假体,进行即时或后期乳房再造.结果 应用该方法再造乳房95例,其中保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后即时再造24例,保留皮肤改良根治术后即时再造36例,改良根治术后即时再造26例,后期再造9例,其中1例为改良根治术后,其他8例为改良根治术后,再造乳房均形态良好.术后6例乳头部分坏死;14例胸部皮肤表皮脱落,自行愈合;2例背部供区部分坏死;背部顽固性血清肿2例,再次手术后愈合.结论 扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造安全有效,再造乳房形态良好,尤其适用于中、小乳房的乳房再造.     

乳腺癌改良根治术后应用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植一期乳房再造

目的：介绍应用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植进行乳腺癌改良根治术后一期乳房再造的方法与疗效。方法：自2000年，用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植方法对中青年妇女乳腺癌改良根治术后行一期乳房再造20例。结果：全部病例的肌皮瓣及其中4例同时保留乳头病例的乳头均存活，无积液、感染、坏死等并发症，再造乳房外形美观。结论：用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植行乳腺癌术后一期乳房再造是乳腺癌改良根治术后恢复乳房外形的一种理想方法。     

乳腺癌根治术后带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植一期乳房再造

目的：总结应用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植进行乳腺癌改良根治术后Ⅰ期乳房再造的方法与疗效。方法：自2000年起,用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植方法对中青年妇女乳腺癌改良根治术后行Ⅰ期乳房再造38例。结果：全部病例的皮瓣及15例同时保留乳头病例的乳头均存活,无积液、感染、坏死等并发症,再造乳房外形美观。结论：用带蒂背阔肌皮瓣移植行乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期乳房再造是乳腺癌改良根治术后恢复乳房外形的一种理想的方法。     

改良背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术

目的 探讨背阔肌肌皮瓣在乳房再造术中的的应用价值,为临床自体乳房再造提供一种有效的手术方式。方法 １９９４年以来,采用以背阔肌肌皮瓣及胸背动脉营养的脂肪组织联合移位,以对侧乳房的形态及体积为参照,进行取材及塑形的自体组织再造乳房。结果 ６０例（６０侧）乳房再造手术人武部成功,经过３个月～５年随访,术后效果满意４１例,占６８．３％,比较满意１６例,占２６．７％,不满意３例,占５．０％。结论 改良背阔     

背阔肌肌皮瓣在乳房再造中的应用

目的探讨利用背阔肌肌皮瓣进行乳房再造的设计、手术操作及效果。方法2005年5月至2006年4月行背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造18例,其中8例联合假体置入。观察指标包括手术时间、术后并发症及美学效果。结果平均手术时间为147min。再造乳房全部成活,无严重术后并发症。除1例再造乳房位置偏高以外,其余17例（94.4%）患者对再造乳房均很满意。结论背阔肌肌皮瓣或联合假体置入乳房再造操作简便、术后并发症少,再造乳房形态好,是一种可供选择的乳房再造方法。     

乳腺癌根治术后即刻行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造50例分析

目的探讨保留乳头、乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造的治疗及美容效果。方法收集2014年4月至2019年4月收治的50例乳腺癌患者临床资料,所有患者均采用保留乳头、乳晕(NSM)或保留皮肤(SSM)的乳腺癌改良根治术联合扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造,观察手术相关指标(手术时间、手术出血量及引流管留置时间)及术后并发症情况,并评价术后美容效果。结果50例患者均成功完成保留乳头、乳晕或保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造术,皮瓣存活率100%,乳腺组织切除量(200±50)g,手术时间(220±40)min,手术出血量(35±15)mL,胸部引流管留置(12±4)d,背部引流管留置(20±5)d。其中,2例患者术后1个月存在背部血清肿,经重新置管引流后消除;1例患者术后出现乳头部分缺血坏死,经换药后愈合;1例患者术后出现上肢活动受限,经功能锻炼后缓解。美容效果评价显示,再造乳房优良率92%。所有患者随访36~60个月(中位数48个月),均未见局部复发及远处转移。结论乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术适合亚洲女性的中、小型乳房,手术可操作性强,美容效果好,值得临床推广。     

保留皮肤的乳癌改良根治术后即时背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造

目的介绍保留皮肤的乳癌改良根治术后即时背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造的经验。方法对Ⅰ,Ⅱ期乳腺癌行保留乳房皮肤经皮下切除乳腺组织,清扫腋窝淋巴结,应用背阔肌肌皮瓣即时乳房再造。结果应用该方法治疗3 7例,经随访7 5个月,再造乳房自然柔软,外观形态良好,满意率94.6%。结论保留皮肤的乳腺癌根治术后即时背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造具有操作方便,治疗效果良好,患者满意度高,是值得推广的好方法。     

Skin-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction by a New Modification of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Background  The introduction of skin-sparing mastectomy has revolutionized both breast cancer surgery and breast reconstruction. Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is a versatile flap that is gaining renewed popularity with the development of flap modifications and the continued recognition of its reliability and safety. We report our results with a new modification of the extended latissimus dorsi flap after skin-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods  From January 2002 to January 2006, 140 patients of breast carcinoma had unilateral skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. A total of 132 cases of invasive duct carcinoma and eight cases of invasive lobular carcinoma are included. Age ranged from 27 to 53 (median, 40.5) years. Tumor stage was stage I in 22 cases, stage II in 100 cases, and stage III in 18 cases. We performed a new modification to the standard extended latissimus dorsi flap, which allowed us to obtain enough autologous tissue to reconstruct the relatively large breast of the Egyptian women without implant. The postoperative aesthetic results and donor side morbidity, including contour deformity and scaring, were examined. Results  We applied both an objective and subjective aesthetic result monitoring. Aesthetic grading results of breast reconstruction were excellent in 85, good in 42, fair in ten and poor in three cases. Both flap and donor site complications were minor. Patients were followed for a median of 32.4 (range, 12-48) months. During this period of follow-up, no episode of local or distant failure was observed. Conclusions  Skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction using our new modification of extended latissimus dorsi flap allows single-stage, totally autologous reconstruction with satisfactory aesthetic results and low morbidity.     

早中期乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术的临床效果

目的探讨早中期乳腺癌行保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后使用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣I期乳房再造治疗的应用价值及临床效果。方法我院2009年11月至2012年10月期间收治的60例经临床穿刺活检病理明确诊断为早中期的乳腺癌患者按术式分为2组：乳房再造组（30例）,即保留乳头乳晕乳腺癌改良根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术;对照组（30例）,即行传统乳腺癌改良根治术。比较2组患者的术后并发症,近远期疗效,生活质量,复发转移情况。结果①对照组完全患侧乳房缺失;乳房再造组乳房再造术均获得成功,再造乳房美容效果评价优22例,良7例,一般1例。②2组患者术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死及患肢活动受限情况比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后切口拆线时间、术区引流时间、住院时间及术后化疗开始时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③乳房再造组心理压力出现率及对第二性征不满意率明显低于对照组（P〈0．001）,乳房再造组社会交往适应率明显高于对照组（P〈0．001）。④2组患者随访12～38个月（平均25个月）,其中对照组有1例死亡,其余59例患者均未发现有局部复发和远处转移。结论从本组有限的数据初步看,乳腺癌根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术,可在根治肿瘤的基础上获得满意的乳房美容效果,使患者的生活质量明显提高,该术式术后并发症较少,不影响乳腺癌的术后辅助放化疗和近远期疗效。     

背阔肌肌皮瓣联合假体在乳腺癌术后二期乳房再造中的应用

目的探讨背阔肌肌皮瓣联合假体植入在乳腺癌术后二期乳房再造术中的临床应用。方法 2009年至2013年,共8例乳腺癌术后年轻患者接受二期乳房再造手术。术前以排水法测定健侧乳房体积,根据患者健侧乳房形状、大小及背部组织情况,设计胸背部供区皮瓣,术中测量移植皮瓣的容积,然后根据健侧乳房和移植皮瓣的容积差,选择大小合适的乳房假体,将假体埋植于背阔肌-胸大肌后间隙,利用背阔肌肌皮瓣移植联合乳房硅胶假体进行二期乳房再造。结果本组患者术后随访6个月至4年,再造乳房外形较佳,效果满意,供区无明显并发症。结论对于年轻有生育要求的乳腺癌术后乳房缺失患者,健侧乳房较大,利用背阔肌肌皮瓣联合假体进行乳房再造,可取得良好的手术效果。     

Delayed Breast Reconstruction with Latissimus Dorsi Flap

Background  The ideal method of breast reconstruction should be safe, reliable, and have minimal or no donor-site morbidity. We present our experience with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for delayed breast reconstruction with immediate permanent implant insertion. Methods  The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was performed on patients who presented for delayed breast reconstruction. From 1999 to 2007, charts of patients were reviewed for age, type of mastectomy, history of chest wall irradiation, nipple-areola complex reconstruction, and complications at both the donor site and the reconstructed breast site. Results  The latissimus dorsi was used as a musculocutaneous flap in 33 patients who had breast cancer surgery. The mean age was 51.14 (range = 30–63) years. Nine patients (27%) asked for nipple-areola reconstruction. Three patients had major complications (9%), including infection, partial flap ischemia, and liponecrotic pseudocysts. Eight patients required revision. Seroma was the most common problem observed at the donor site. Conclusion  The latissimus dorsi flap provides adequate soft tissue with a reliable blood supply for the enhancement of missing tissue after mastectomy. It is a safe method for breast reconstruction and an excellent alternative flap for patients at high risk for abdominal flap complications.     

背阔肌皮瓣联合假体在乳腺癌患者Ⅰ期乳房重建中的临床应用

目的介绍背阔肌皮瓣联合假体应用于乳腺癌患者Ⅰ期乳房重建的临床经验。方法回顾性分析14例应用背阔肌皮瓣联合假体行乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期乳房重建病例的临床资料,其中患者平均年龄44.2(20~54)岁,Ⅰ期乳腺癌4例,Ⅱa期8例,Ⅱb期2例。经背部和腋部切口分别为6例和8例。结果手术后无皮瓣坏死;无伤口感染;供区血清肿5例(35.7%),均经穿刺抽液治愈。平均随访32.6(4~58)月,2例患者接受了放射治疗未发现不良后果,患者对再造乳房形态非常满意8例,满意5例,一般1例,无不满意患者,乳房美学评价按照Ueda标准均6分,优良率为100%。结论对于选择性的乳腺癌患者,乳房切除后背阔肌皮瓣联合假体Ⅰ期乳房重建是一种并发症少、手术效果良好的乳房重建方法 。     

Oncological Safety and Quality of Life Associated with Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction with a Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Abstract: To determine the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LD), and the oncological safety of the procedure. Between May 2001 and March 2007, 2,566 patients had breast cancer surgery at the National Cancer Center, Korea. Of the 2,566 patients, 1,699 had breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) and 120 had a mastectomy with an immediate LD. We retrospectively compared the oncologic safety of the two techniques. We also assessed the QoL using the EORTC QLQ BR‐23 and Zung’s self‐rating depression scale in 52 LD patients, 104 age‐ and stage‐matched patients who underwent BCS, and 104 age‐matched healthy women. The LD group had earlier stage disease than the BCS group at baseline, but following surgery, the groups did not differ in the rates of local recurrence or systemic metastases. Compared with the healthy group, the patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (p < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the LD group reported lower scores for body image (p = 0.007) and future perspective (p = 0.023) than the BCS group. In the LD group, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy reported lower scores for future perspective and higher scores for depression than those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001). The BCS and LD groups did not differ in oncological outcome, and the QoL of patients in the LD group was not always good. Mastectomy with immediate reconstruction should be considered carefully and tailored to the patient’s needs and characteristics.     

保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房假体再造的临床应用

目的探讨保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房假体再造的临床应用价值。方法我院2006年1月至2009年12月期间收治的28例乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,同时于胸大肌后置入硅胶假体再造乳房,对围手术期结果、乳房外观评价以及随访结果进行分析。结果本组28例患者均行腋窝淋巴结清扫术,清除淋巴结数目为14~32枚,中位数为21枚。手术时间为117~140 min(平均126 min),术中出血量为82~124 ml(平均98 ml),术后引流管拔除时间为3~5 d。所有患者术后均无伤口积液、感染、皮肤坏死、异物反应等,22例保留了乳头乳晕复合体的患者均无乳头乳晕缺血、坏死。患者术后乳房外观评价中,10例为优,18例为良,优良率为100%。所有患者术后均获随访,随访时间为12~48个月(中位随访时间24个月),未发现有远处转移和局部复发,无上肢水肿及功能障碍。所有患者乳房外观及手感满意,无纤维包膜挛缩。结论保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行即刻乳房再造具有创伤小、安全、手术操作简单、术后恢复快的特点,再造后乳房美观,效果满意,值得临床推广。     

Clinical Outcomes of Video-Assisted Skin-Sparing Partial Mastectomy for Breast Cancer and Immediate Reconstruction with Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap as Breast-Conserving Therapy

Background  

Skin-sparing partial mastectomy (SSPM) has yet to be investigated as a breast-conserving therapy for early-stage breast cancer. We report the clinical outcomes for video-assisted SSPM (VA-SSPM) with immediate breast reconstruction using autogenous tissue.