中耳生理学与声导抗测试

中耳生理学与声导抗测试胡岢在近代耳科临床上，声导抗测试已列为常规检查项目，鼓室压曲线的类型及坡度、静态声顺值、中耳肌声反射及其衰减时间、用声反射预估听敏度等，从这些指标不仅可以了解中耳的传声结构的功能状态，而且有助于鉴别耳聋的性质与部位，了解低位脑于...     

正常新生儿声导抗特性分析

目的通过大样本的筛查了解新生儿鼓室导抗图特性,收集新生儿的外耳道容积、鼓室压力、声顺值等相关数据,对声导抗测试在新生儿的临床应用中的作用进行初步探讨。方法采用226Hz探测音,对生后1～3天内的2617名(5234耳)正常新生儿进行声导抗测试。结果鼓室导抗图型分为单峰、双峰、平缓、负压四型,各型分别占16.22%、83.38%、0.29%、0.11%;新生儿声顺值的正常范围约为0.34～1.08ml;外耳道容积的正常范围约为0.3～1.0ml;鼓室压力的正常范围约为-121.12～ 82.36daPa。结论采用226Hz探测音测得的新生儿鼓室导抗图双峰的比例明显高于单峰,与成人和儿童有明显的区别。     

100例儿童声导抗测试分析

１００例儿童声导抗测试分析顾月萍，欧阳正玉本文就１００例儿童（２００耳）进行了声导抗测定，兹将结果报道如下。１　资料与方法１．１测试对象及条件无耳疾史，近２周无上感的２～１２岁儿童，男女随机。５岁以上，鼓膜正常，音叉２５６Ｈｚ示双耳任内氏（Ｒｉｎｎｅ...     

声导抗测试在婴儿中的应用

目的评价不同频率探测音声导抗测试及500、1000Hz镫骨肌反射测试在诊断婴儿中耳功能中的作用。方法使用GSITympstar中耳分析仪,对128例听力正常婴儿(256耳)和104例听力异常婴儿(166耳)进行226、678、1000Hz探测音声导抗测试及500、1000Hz镫骨肌反射测试,并进行比较。结果226Hz探测音鼓室导抗图表现为单峰型、双峰型、无峰型图形,<6月龄婴儿的226Hz探测音鼓室导抗图的图形特点在听力正常组和异常组间的差异无统计学意义;各月龄组的678、1000Hz探测音鼓室导抗图的图形特点在听力正常组和异常组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。500Hz镫骨肌反射引出率与1000Hz镫骨肌反射引出率在同年龄组无明显差异(P>0.05),而在听力正常和异常组之间均具有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论678、1000Hz探测音声导抗测试是诊断小于6月龄婴儿中耳功能较准确的检查方法,3种频率探测音声导抗测试对于诊断6月龄～1岁婴儿均较敏感。500和1000Hz镫骨肌反射引出率在同月龄婴儿无明显差异,且随着年龄增长镫骨肌反射引出率逐渐增加。     

125例新生儿的鼓室导抗测试结果分析

目的 比较226、678、1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试对新生儿中耳功能评估的意义.方法 使用GSI Tympstar中耳分析仪.对125例(250耳)新生儿进行226、678、1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试,结果异常或可疑者再行颞骨薄层CT检查明确有无中耳积液.结果 226 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图有1耳为As型,其余耳均为A型,其中单峰型占43.2%(108/250),双峰型占56.8%(142/250);678 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有74耳,其中65耳为B型,4耳为As型.5耳为C型.1 000 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有35耳,其中26耳为B型,5耳为As型,4耳为C型,声导抗测试异常或可疑者43例(86耳)颞骨薄层CT检查显示30耳存在中耳腔积液.结论 226 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试不能反映新生儿的中耳功能;678 Hz探测音鼓室导抗测试评估中耳功能的敏感性较好,但特异性较差;1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试评估中耳功能的敏感性及特异性最佳.     

多频鼓室声导抗测试在婴幼儿中耳功能诊断中的应用

目的探讨不同频率探测音声导抗测试法及多频率扫描声导抗测试法对婴幼儿中耳功能的评价效率。方法 122例听力正常婴幼儿和141例听力异常婴幼儿,应用GSI Tympstar中耳分析仪,分别以226、678、1000Hz探测音及多频率扫描声导抗测试法检测中耳功能,比较分析其测试效果。结果比较听力正常组和异常组检测结果,各月龄组的678、1000Hz探测音鼓室导纳图图形特点均有统计学意义(P0.05),但226Hz探测音鼓室导纳图在6月龄婴儿的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);组间的共振频率差异在6月龄婴儿虽无统计学意义(P0.05),在6月龄婴儿则有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3种频率探测音声导抗测试法对6月龄婴幼儿中耳功能诊断均较敏感,而678、1000Hz探测音对于6月龄婴儿中耳功能的诊断较为准确。随月龄增长,婴幼儿中耳共振频率逐渐升高,有助于评价6月龄婴幼儿的中耳功能。     

婴幼儿宽频声导抗测试

婴幼儿外中耳解剖和功能上的特殊性,使得传统的单频声导抗测试评估婴幼儿中耳功能有一定的局限性。宽频声导抗测试可以在宽频(0.2~8 kHz)范围内评估声能的接收与传递,与传统单频声导抗相比,不需要对外耳道加压,测试时间短,可以动态评估新生儿及婴幼儿外周听觉发育特性及中耳功能。应用宽频声导抗测试可以提高婴幼儿听力筛查结果和中耳功能评估的准确性。     

正常新生儿多频声导抗特征分析

目的分析正常听力新生儿多频声导抗测试的特点,为新生儿听力筛查及新生儿中耳功能的评估提供参考依据。方法按照正常新生儿纳入标准选入490例(980耳)正常新生儿,采用GSI TympStar VersionⅡ中耳分析仪对其进行中耳功能测试,分析226、678、1 000Hz声导抗的声导纳Y(admittance)、声纳B(susceptance)、声导G(conductance)及250～2 000Hz多频率扫描鼓室导抗图。运用SPSS13.0统计学软件对各指标的结果进行统计学处理,计算均数、标准差以及95%可信区间。结果将980耳的鼓室导抗图按Vanhuyse模型分类,分为1B1G型、3B1G型、3B3G型、5B3G型及其它型,226Hz鼓室导抗图以3B3G型占主导,约为61.02%;678及1 000Hz鼓室导抗图以1B1G型占主导,分别约为58.37%和36.43%,三个频率之间鼓室导抗图分型比例比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常听力新生儿的中耳共振频率、补偿静态声纳值(compensated static admittance,ΔB)、补偿静态相位角(compensated static phase angle,Δθ)的95%可信区间分别为:182.18～346.04、-0.65～0.05mmho、-83.23～18.05°。结论新生儿的中耳可能以质量控制为主;正常新生儿226Hz声纳图B多以双峰型为主。     

宽频声导抗研究及应用进展

宽频声导抗测试技术是一个新兴的中耳测试方法,尚处在实验研究阶段。目前的研究已经明确表明宽频声导抗的吸收率曲线在不同中耳疾患有不同于正常人群曲线的特点,且同种病变有近似的曲线趋势图。相较于传统的单频率声导抗,宽频声导抗在中耳积液的诊断上有更高的敏感度,而在鼓膜穿孔、鼓室硬化及听骨链疾患上的研究均提示有特异的吸收率曲线趋势,但尚无明确的曲线界定标准,其有效性及实用性目前尚缺乏广泛的认可度。     

DPOAE未通过新生儿声导抗与耳镜检查结果分析

目的通过对DPOAE未通过新生儿,用226Hz及1000Hz不同探测音声导抗与耳镜检查的结果分析,探讨不同探测音声导抗在评价新生儿中耳功能中的应用价值。方法随机抽取DPOAE未通过的新生儿71例(120耳),分别进行226Hz、1000Hz探测音的声导抗检查,绘制鼓室导抗图,同时对该120耳行硬性耳内镜检查,对其结果进行比较分析。结果 120耳中硬性耳内镜检查正常79耳,异常41耳,异常率为34.17%,行226Hz探测音声导抗,鼓室导抗图正常图形104耳,异常图形16耳,异常比率13.33%,行1000Hz探测音声导抗,鼓室导抗图正常图形73耳,异常图形47耳,异常比率为39.17%,比较耳内镜异常率与226Hz探测音声导抗图形异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),耳内镜异常率与1000Hz探测音声导抗图形异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在新生儿中,高频探测音与耳内镜检查的相关性更大,1000Hz探测音对中耳疾病的诊断更敏感。     

足月正常新生儿多频探测音鼓室声导抗正常值测定

目的：探讨正常新生儿多频探测音鼓室声导抗图的图型、声导纳值、声纳值和声导值的正常范围。方法：使用GSI-33中耳分析仪,对足月顺产并通过瞬态诱发性耳声发射和畸变产物耳声发射筛查的新生儿55例（110耳）进行226、6781、000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试,对比分析各种探测音鼓室声导抗的图形,声导纳值、声纳值和声导值,并进行统计学分析。结果：226 Hz探测音鼓室声导纳图、声纳图和声导图以双峰型为主,分别占90.0%、99.1%和85.5%,少数为单峰型,无多峰型出现;678 Hz探测音鼓室声导纳图、声纳图和声导图以单峰型为主,分别占62.7%、77.3%和62.7%,双峰型分别占34.6%、20.9%和31.8%,少数出现三峰型;1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导纳图、声纳图和声导图以单峰型为主,分别占96.4%、99.1%和97.3%,极少数为双峰型,无三峰型出现。226 Hz与678 Hz探测音测试,鼓室声导纳值与声纳值、声纳值与声导值的均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;声导纳值与声导值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。1 000 Hz探测音测试,鼓室声导纳值、声纳值与声导值的两两比较均差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：获得正常新生儿多频探测音鼓室声导抗图的图形、声导纳值、声纳值和声导值的正常范围,结果提示,1 000 Hz探测音鼓室声导抗测试可以较好反映正常新生儿的中耳功能。     

Measuring middle ear admittance in newborns using 1000 Hz tympanometry: a comparison of methodologies

The present study aimed to compare three measures to estimate middle ear admittance in neonates using 1000 Hz tympanometry. Data were obtained from 36 full-term newborns, aged between 24 and 123 hours, who passed a transient evoked otoacoustic emissions test and assessed using a Madsen Otoflex impedance meter. The results showed that the mean middle ear admittances obtained by compensating for the susceptance and conductance components at a pressure of 200 daPa and -400 daPa (Y(CC200) = 1.00 mmho and Y(CC-400) = 1.24 mmho, respectively) were significantly greater than that using the traditional baseline compensation method (Y(BC) = 0.65 mmho). Although Y(CC-400) has attained the highest mean value, it has the lowest test-retest reliability. Hence, the component compensation approach compensated at 200 daPa holds promise as an alternative method for estimating middle ear admittance in neonates. Further research to evaluate its test performance using clinical decision theory is required to determine its clinical significance.     

Reference data for DPOAE in healthy newborns

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) can be used as an alternative to Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE). This study aims to establish normal values for DPOAE in healthy newborns. DPOAE were determined with the Madsen Celesta 503 at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz with an unequal stimulus level of the primaries (L1 = 65 dB SPL, L2 = 50 dB SPL). DPOAE were present in 92.4% of the ears of the 185 babies tested at 4 days after birth. The 5% quantile and the median of the DPOAE of the right and left ears were calculated for the five frequencies tested. At 4 kHz there was a significant sex effect (mean amplitude of DPOAE was higher in female than in male babies) and at 2 kHz a significant interaction effect was found between sex and side. The calculated reference limits are open to comparison with data obtained using other commercial equipment.     

Test-retest reliability in tympanometry.

Test-retest reliability for tympanometric measures was evaluated across five sessions in 20 subjects with normal hearing and normal middle-ear function. Tympanograms were obtained on each ear for probe frequencies of 226, 678, and 1000 Hz using both ascending and descending directions of pressure change. Across all conditions, the tympanometric measure that consistently demonstrated the highest test-retest reliability was compensated static acoustic admittance. Test-retest correlations for peak compensated static acoustic admittance measures were higher than those for ambient measures across all probe frequencies and both directions of pressure change; the differences in correlations for peak and ambient measures, however, reached significance only for 226-Hz conditions. Across-session correlations for tympanogram width did not differ significantly for measures referenced to the lowest tympanogram tail and those referenced to +200 daPa.     

Multifrequency tympanometry in normal ears

Susceptance and conductance tympanograms were recorded from 10 normal subjects with probe frequencies ranging from 220 to 910 Hz. Tympanometric shapes progressed through an orderly sequence of patterns, becoming more complex with increasing probe frequency. When the direction of ear-canal air pressure change was from negative to positive values, more complicated tympanometric shapes occurred for all subjects, compared to the positive to negative direction. The results are discussed in relation to the Vanhuyse et al. [Scand. Audiol. 4:45-50, 1975] model of tympanometric shapes. In general, the model is a good first approximation to the distribution of tympanometric patterns from normal ears.     

Parameters of normality in multifrequency tympanometry

Multifrequency tympanometry studies consist of tympanography using probe tone frequencies ranging from 200 to 2000 Hz, improving the study of acoustic transmission through the tympano-ossicular system because then two components of admittance, conductance and susceptance, can be separated. The resonance frequency is the frequency at which mass and spring elements of the middle ear cancel each other out, leaving only the friction component. This measurement has been found to be more sensitive to the presence of pathologies that affect the tympano-ossicular system, such as otosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is necessary to know normal pattents of tympanometric parameters to improve the study of these diseases. Multifrequency tympanometry performed on 136 patients, 91 women and 45 men, age range 11-78 years. The mean resonant frequency of the middle ear was 1132.33 Hz, mean static admittance 0.76 dapa, and mean tympanometric amplitude 94.31 mmhos ac. Age showed no systematic effect of age on any of these measures in this population, and no significant association was found between static admittance or tympanometric amplitude and resonance frequency.