Evaluation of the proximal aortic neck enlargement following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: 3-years experience

The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence, potential risk factors and effects on stent-graft migration of proximal neck dilatation after endoluminal repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR), and the role of ultrasound (US) in detecting neck enlargement. From November 1998 to October 2001, 90 patients underwent EVAR. On follow-up, US and CT angiography (CTA) were performed, and diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal aortic necks were monitored. Incidence of significant neck enlargement (≥2.5 mm) and distal stent-graft migration (>10 mm) was calculated. Several factors were evaluated as predictive of neck enlargement. Ultrasound and CTA measurements were compared. The US and CTA examinations were available in 68, 39, and 11 patients at 1, 2, and 3 years follow-up (mean follow-up 15 months). Incidence of significant neck dilatation was 21.8% at the infrarenal level (13, 33, and 36% at 1, 2, and 3 years follow-up) and 13.8% at the suprarenal level (9, 18, and 27% at 1, 2, and 3 years follow-up). Significant stent-graft migration occurred in 14 of 87 patients (16%) and was associated with neck dilatation in 8 (2 suprarenal and 6 infrarenal). No risk factors were identified. Ultrasound was less accurate than CT in measuring neck diameter, in particular at the suprarenal level. Proximal aortic neck enlargement occurs in up to 30% of patients after EVAR and represents the main risk factor for stent-graft migration. The risk of infrarenal neck dilatation is higher at 2 years follow-up, whereas the suprarenal neck enlarges later. Ultrasound is not useful in monitoring neck diameter.     

腔内隔绝术治疗瘤颈扭曲大于60°的腹主动脉瘤

目的　探讨腔内隔绝术 (EVE)治疗瘤颈扭曲大于 6 0°腹主动脉瘤 (AAA)的安全性和可行性。从而扩大治疗AAA的适用范围。方法　对瘤颈扭曲大于 6 0°的AAA通过技术改进 (术中对瘤颈进行捆扎或置入Cuff) ,然后实施EVE。结果　对瘤颈扭曲大于 6 0°的AAA成功地实施了EVE ,术后复查彩超、CTA、MRA证实 :瘤体被完全隔绝 ,支架无移位、扭曲及内漏现象。结论　EVE是一种治疗瘤颈扭曲大于 6 0°的AAA简便可行的方法 ,其主要特点是安全、微创、简捷 ,特别适于合并多种并存病的年老体弱患者。     

Device migration after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: experience with a talent stent-graft

PURPOSE: Device migration (DM) may cause late failure after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Computed tomography (CT) scans following EVAR were reviewed to establish the frequency of DM and whether it can be predicted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients underwent EVAR with a Talent stent-graft with suprarenal fixation. CT with a fixed protocol was performed at regular intervals. Patient demographics, risk factors, procedure details, and follow-up events were reviewed. Two observers, blinded to each other, reviewed axial images and mutliplanar reformats of the CT scans. DM was defined as a change of > or = 10 mm in the distance between a reference vessel (celiac axis/superior mesenteric artery) and the proximal device. Follow-up was performed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 3 years; range, 2-5 years). RESULTS: DM was detected in six of 38 patients (15.8%) by 2 years. There were no new cases of migration in the 19 patients at 3 years but one new case in the six patients at 4 years (16.6%). Mean migration over 2 years was 4.8 mm +/- 4.2 mm. One patient with DM developed a type I endoleak that required reintervention. This patient developed a further endoleak and died following surgery for rupture. Top neck enlargement was the only predictive factor identified, present in 71% of patients with DM (P = .056). CONCLUSION: DM occurred in a small proportion of patients; closer follow-up intervals may be necessary in patients with short/enlarging proximal necks.     

Endovascular treatment of endoleaks after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: personal experience

PURPOSE: This paper describes the different endovascular treatments (cuffs, endografts and embolisation) available for types I, II and III endoleaks occurring after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2006, 134 patients (118 men, 16 women; mean age 75.1 years) underwent EVAR. Ten patients (7%) developed significant endoleaks requiring endovascular treatment. RESULTS: Five endoleaks were type I, two were type II and three were type III. Of the five type I endoleaks, four were proximal and one was distal. The proximal endoleaks were treated by cuff deployment, whereas the distal endoleak was treated with a bifurcated graft. Of the two patients with type II endoleak, one was treated by translumbar puncture and coil embolisation, and the other was treated by superselective embolisation of the lumbar feeding vessel with nonresorbable particles. Of the three patients with type III endoleak, two were treated by deploying an aortouniiliac endograft inside the bifurcated graft and the other by implanting a cuff to restore continuity between the graft body and the contralateral limb. Endovascular treatment was successful in 6/10 cases, whereas three cases required surgical conversion. One patient did not undergo surgery owing to poor general condition. CONCLUSIONS: The reported incidence of endoleaks after EVAR is 10%-20%. Significant endoleaks should be treated promptly. Endovascular treatment can be done with different techniques, but success in not constant due to adverse anatomical conditions and technical difficulties.     

复合手术室智能移动三维导航技术在近肾型腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗中的应用效果评价

目的：探讨复合手术室术中智能移动三维导航技术在近肾型腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗中的应用价值。 方法：选取2016年2月-2018年6月在江苏省苏北人民医院复合手术室治疗的7例近肾型腹主动脉瘤患者,术中行数字减影血管造影三维成像（3D-DSA）后将3D重建图像和2D透视图像进行图像融合,标记肾动脉及其他重要血管分支。并对不同阶段不同体位的术中三维导航融合图像进行自动修正配准,根据手术需要,改善融合图像的血管、骨骼背景密度,提高叠加图像上血管可视化程度,精确指导支架释放,实现血管内治疗的准确导航。 结果：7例患者在3D图像导航下行血管腔内腹主动脉瘤修复术,导丝导管均成功导入靶血管内,单根靶血管导入时间3~22 min,造影剂用量150~180 ml。7例行血管腔内腹主动脉瘤修复术均手术成功,术后即刻造影提示分支血管显影通畅,无内漏。 结论：复合手术室三维导航技术可精准标记肾动脉及其他分支血管开口,方便术中靶血管定位超选,对近肾型腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗具有重要的指导作用。     

螺旋CT在腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤术前评估中的价值

目的探讨螺旋ＣＴ（ｓｐｉｒａｌＣＴ，ＳＣＴ）在腔内隔绝术（ＥＶＧＥ）治疗腹主动脉瘤（ＡＡＡ）术前评估中的价值。方法以ＳＣＴ扫描了４１例ＡＡＡ患者，资料经计算机处理进行ＳＣＴ图像重建（ＣＴＡ），所用技术主要为表面阴影遮盖技术（ＳＳＤ）、最大信号强度投影（ＭＩＰ）、多平面重建（ＭＰＲ）及曲面重建（ＣＰＲ）技术，少数夹层动脉瘤应用模拟的内窥镜技术。测量远近端瘤颈长度及直径，瘤体的大小、形态及与分支动脉的关系，双髂动脉形态、口径及肾动脉开口到髂动脉分叉水平的自然长度。根据ＥＶＧＥ手术适应证的要求，选择９例患者行ＥＶＧＥ。结果据上述参数选定移植物的规格、型号，经术中证实与需求相符。结论ＣＴＡ图像质量高，无创、快速、准确，可获得ＥＶＧＥ术前评估所需全部参数，具有良好的应用价值     

Technical and clinical success of infrarenal endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A 10-year single-center experience

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our retrospective study was to review our single-center experience with aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) repair retrospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1995 to 2005, 70 consecutive patients affected by AAA were treated by endovascular stent-graft repair. Mean follow-up was 23.9 months. Follow-up investigations were performed at 6 and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Five different stent-graft designs were compared to each other. Primary technical success (PTS), assisted primary technical success (APTS), primary clinical success (PCS) and secondary clinical success (SCS) were evaluated. RESULTS: All over PTS was achieved in 94.3%, APTS in 97.1%, PCS in 61.4%, APCS in 64.3% and SCS in 70%. There were 3 type I endoleaks, 25 type II endoleaks, 4 type III endoleaks, 8 limb problems, 5 conversions to open surgery, 10 aneurysm sac expansions and 14 device migrations. Patients with newer generation devices showed better results than patients with first generation prosthesis. In addition results were better for grafts with suprarenal fixation (versus infrarenal fixation) and grafts with barbs and hooks (versus grafts without barbs and hooks). Patients with bad anatomic preconditions showed a higher complication rate. CONCLUSION: Contrary to first generation products, new stent-graft designs show acceptable technical and clinical results in endovascular AAA aneurysm repair. However, this therapy still should be reserved only for patients with significant comorbities and suitable anatomic conditions.     

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in 144 patients: correlation of aneurysm size, proximal aortic neck length, and procedure-related complications.

PURPOSE: During endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, larger aneurysms often present formidable anatomic challenges to the insertion of the delivery catheter and graft deployment. The authors sought to evaluate whether large-diameter aneurysms and those with short proximal aortic necks might be associated with a higher frequency of insertion-related and short-term complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to August 2000, 144 patients underwent elective endovascular graft placement for infrarenal AAA disease at the authors' institution. These patients were treated with use of the AneuRx bifurcated endoprosthesis. AAA size (maximum aneurysm diameter) and proximal aortic neck length were compared to estimated blood loss, operative time, accuracy of graft placement, presence of endoleak, intraoperative and postoperative complications (such as limb occlusion or vascular injury), length of hospital stay, and mortality. Statistical methods included correlation analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 121 men and 23 women whose aneurysms ranged in size from 3 cm to 9.8 cm (mean, 5.6 cm; 95% CI, 5.4-5.8 cm). Endograft insertion was successful in all cases. There were three deaths within 30 days (2.1%) and seven deaths overall (4.9%). There were 43 intraoperative complications (29.9%) in 31 patients (21.5%), most of them minor. Patients with major intraoperative complications had significantly longer procedure times than those without complications (337 vs. 149 min; P <.0001). In the postoperative period (within 30 days), 31 complications (21.5%) occurred in 28 patients (19.4%), again most of them minor. AAA size was unrelated in any way to the rate of complications, but short proximal aortic neck length was associated with more serious intraoperative and postoperative complications (P =.0404 and P =.0230, respectively), and decreased 30-day and overall survival (P =.0240 and P =.0152, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of large AAAs can be challenging; however, the size of the AAA does not influence the rate of complications. A short proximal aortic neck is the only significant risk factor for more serious complications.     

Cinematic rendering of CT angiography for visualization of complex vascular anatomy after hybrid endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Emergency Radiology - The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the utility of cinematic rendering (CR) techniques for imaging of patients who have undergone hybrid repair of thoracoabdominal...     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm calcification and thrombus volume are not associated with outcome following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Objectives

Aortic calcification and thrombus have been postulated to worsen outcome following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The purpose of this study was to assess the association of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) calcification and thrombus volume with outcome following EVAR using a reproducible, quantifiable computed tomography (CT) assessment protocol.

Methods

Patients with elective EVAR performed between January 2002 and 2012 at the Townsville Hospital, Mater Private Hospital (Townsville) and Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) were included if preoperative CTAs were available for analysis. AAA calcification and thrombus volume were measured using a semiautomated workstation protocol. Outcomes were assessed in terms of clinical failure, endoleak (type I, type II) and reintervention. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Median follow-up was 1.7 years and the interquartile range 1.0–3.8 years.

Results

One hundred thirty-four patients undergoing elective EVAR were included in the study. Rates of primary clinical success and freedom from reintervention were 82.8 % and 88.9 % at the 24-month follow-up. AAA calcification and thrombus volume were not associated with clinical failure, type I endoleak, type II endoleak or reintervention.

Conclusions

AAA calcification and thrombus volume were not associated with poorer outcome after EVAR in this study.

Key Points

? The association of calcification and thrombus volumes with EVAR outcome is unclear ? Quantifiable methods for assessing calcification and thrombus were not used previously ? This study used reproducible methods for assessing AAA calcification and thrombus volumes     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm in Behçet's disease: treatment with endovascular stent graft

A case of acute rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with Beh?et's disease is reported. The patient was successfully treated by implantation of an endovascular stent graft. The preinterventional diagnostic procedures and the postinterventional follow-up are described and the benefit and risk vs open surgery is discussed.     

Complications of endovascular repair for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm: an imaging spectrum.

Endovascular stent-graft implantation is an alternative to conventional open surgery for the treatment of aortic aneurysm. Forty-nine consecutive patients with aortic aneurysm (thoracic, n = 17; infrarenal, n = 32) were treated with endovascular stent-graft implantation. Complications occurred in 25 patients (two patients had two complications): endoleak (n = 13), graft thrombosis (n = 5), graft kinking (n = 2), pseudoaneurysm caused by graft infection (n = 1), graft occlusion (n = 1), shower embolism (n = 1), perforation of mural thrombus by means of inadvertent penetration of delivery system (n = 1), colon necrosis (n = 1), aortic dissection (n = 1), and hematoma at the arteriotomy site (n = 1). Imaging findings were analyzed for spiral computed tomography, plain abdominal radiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and digital subtraction angiography. Since some of these complications are fatal, radiologists need to instantly and accurately recognize them. Awareness and understanding of possible complications should help ensure a safe, successful procedure.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的配合与护理

腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是最常见的动脉瘤。此病多见于老年男性,尤其是65岁以上,它的致命并发症是动脉瘤破裂致大出血死亡。既往传统手术是行之有效的,但手术死亡率高。腔内隔绝术是近年来开展的一种安全、微创、有效的治疗腹主动脉瘤的新方法[1]。我院于2002年12月-2006年8月应用此技术治疗AAA患者21例均获成功,现将介入术中配合与护理体会报告如下。1材料与方法本组病例21例,年龄50-78岁,平均68.89岁,65岁以上占71.4%,男19例,女2例,其中合并陈旧性心肌梗死3例,心电图异常7例,高血压15例,糖尿病3例,肾功能轻度减退2…     

Follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular aortic repair: comparison of volumetric and diametric measurement

Purpose

To determine the correlation of maximal diameter measurements with volumetric evaluation of size after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) using computed tomography angiography (CTA) and to survey its applicability for clinical follow-up.

Materials and methods

73 consecutive patients (2 females, 71 males; age 38–84 years; mean age, 69.1 ± 8 years) with AAA were treated with percutaneous EVAR in a single institution. For follow-up, CTA was performed periodically after EVAR. Images were evaluated for maximal diameter in consensus by two experienced radiologists. Using OsirixTM, volumetric measurements were done by one radiologist, including the entire infrarenal abdominal aorta.

Results

In 73 patients 220 CTA examinations were performed after EVAR with a mean follow-up of 17.3 months (range, 1.8–42.7 months). The mean postinterventional volume of aneurysm was 165.63 ml ± 93.29 ml (range, 47.94–565.67 ml). The mean maximal postinterventional diameter was 5.91 ± 1.52 cm (range, 3.72–13.82 cm). At large over the entire observation period a slight, non-significant decrease of 1.6% (2.58 ml ± 69.05 ml, range 82.82–201.92 ml) in volumes and a 9.3% (mean 0.55 cm ± 1.22 cm, range 2.85–1.93 cm) in diameters were observed. For all examinations a high correlation of volume and diameter was calculated (r = 0.813–0.905; α < 0.01).

Conclusion

For follow-up of abdominal EVAR using CTA there is a high correlation between volumetric and diametric measurements of aneurysm. Based on a daily clinical routine setting, measurements of maximal diameters in cross sectional imaging of AAA after EVAR seems to be sufficient to exclude post interventional enlargement.     

Embolisation of proximal anastomotic pseudoaneurysm developing after surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with a bifurcated graft with n-butyl cyanoacrylate

We report a 60-year-old man who after undergoing surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a bifurcated graft subsequently developed a proximal anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, which was successfully treated by embolisation with n-butyl cyanoacrylate.     

Initial results of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with a self-expanding stent-graft

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the authors' experience with the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with use of a self-expanding nitinol stent covered with a polyester fabric device and to report the implant's technical features, the immediate results, and the outcome 30 days after device implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1997 to December 2001, we admitted 169 patients diagnosed with AAA. Of these, 134 were suitable to undergo endovascular repair with use of the Talent stent-graft. In one patient, it was technically impossible to proceed with the implantation procedure. Therefore, a total of 133 patients were treated with use of this technique (78.7%). The average age was 70.7 years (range, 52-88 y). There were 119 men and 14 women. Computed tomographic follow-up was done between the 15th and 30th postoperative days. RESULTS: The stent-grafts were successfully implanted in all 133 patients. Complications during the procedure included three type-I endoleaks (2.3%) and four iliac artery ruptures (3.0%), which were effectively treated by means of aortic or iliac extension grafts, respectively. The average surgical time was 2.92 hours (from 1.67 h to 7 h). Of the stent-grafts used, 125 were bifurcated (94.0%), two were straight tube grafts (1.5%), and six were conical aortouniiliac grafts (4.5%). Custom-made grafts were used in 62 patients (46.6%) and standard grafts were used in 71 (53.4%). Suprarenal fixation was performed in 117 patients (88%). One female patient developed a serious pulmonary embolism. Eight patients (6.0%) developed serious systemic inflammatory syndrome; two died of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. There were two additional deaths, one from refractory shock and one suddenly from an unknown cause (total mortality rate, 3.0%). During the postoperative period, 70.3% of the patients developed mild fever (37.6 degrees C-38.9 degrees C). The average length of stay in the intensive care unit was 1.3 days (ranging from 1 d to 12 d) and the total hospitalization time was 4.2 days. Six type-II endoleaks were observed: two were corrected by video laparoscopy-assisted inferior mesenteric artery interruption and the other four were clinically followed up. CONCLUSIONS: The exclusion of AAA by endovascular techniques with use of the Talent device was possible in the majority of cases with a low incidence of complications. The most common serious postprocedural complication was systemic inflammatory syndrome.     

Clinical experience with a customized fenestrated endograft for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Despite the numerous stent-graft devices available, unsuitable anatomy is still the greatest exclusion criterion for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR). The present report describes an on-site preprocedural customization of a conventional Zenith stent-graft device just before the endovascular procedure that includes the creation of fenestrations and scallops as necessary for the patient's anatomy. Three patients with difficult anatomy in whom conventional AAA repair posed a high degree of risk were treated with customization of the stent-graft device to fit disparate renal arteries. A single fenestration for the left renal artery was made in two cases, and a single scallop was made in the other case to accommodate the superior mesenteric artery. Gold beads were used to mark the location of the fenestration and scallop. The three cases were successfully performed without perceptible endoleaks in the follow-up period, which ranged from 4 to 14 months. No procedure-related complications were detected; however, pneumonia developed in one patient 3 weeks after EVAR. The initial results with this technique are encouraging, and the role of EVAR can be significantly increased with the use of this customization technique when the interventionalist does not have access to the commercially available devices or when the waiting time is too prolonged to accommodate the patient's clinical situation.