~(14)C-杀灭菊酯的毒物动力学研究

研究了14C-杀灭菊酯经灌胃和静脉给药在大、小鼠体内的动力学变化。结果表明:动力学参数中吸收速率常数ka为1.69h~(-1)和0.27h~(-1),血中T1/2β分别为24.32h、78h和104.68h;表观分布容积(Vd)分别是11.38、6.16和6.461/kg;体内廓清率(CL)分别为0.349、0.655和0.043L/h;达峰时间(Tmax)为1.89和12.91h;达峰浓度(Cmax)为3034.37和1063.11nmol/L;生物利用度为0.78。~(14)C-杀灭菊酯在小鼠组织中的时程特点为吸收快,分布快,排出亦快。以肝脏分布最高,肾脏次之,脑和睾丸最低。     

~(35)S-敌枯双在大鼠体内的毒物动力学

研究了~(35)S-敌枯双经一次灌胃后在大鼠体内的毒物动力学。血中毒物浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收两室开放模型。分布相半衰期(T_(1/2α)3.54hr,消除相半衰期(T_(1/2β))12.07hr,室间转运速率常数K_(12)0.0247hr~(-1),和K_(21)0.0716hr~(-1),K_(12)/K_(21)<1,表观分布容积(V_d)517.37ml/kg,体内廓清率(Cl)每分钟为60.43ml/kg。~(35)S-敌枯双在体内分布最多的器官为肾脏和肝脏,最少为脂肪和脑。由尿、粪和乳汁等排出,以尿为主要途径。烟酰胺不影响~(35)S-敌枯双的吸收、分布和排泄。结果表明,~(35)S-敌枯双经灌胃进入大鼠体内的特点为:吸收快、分布快、排出亦快。     

~(14)C-二氯苯醚菊酯由呼吸道进入大鼠体内过程(在毒物动力学上的研究)

人工合成拟除虫菊二氯苯醚菊酯是一种优良杀虫剂。我们用~(14)C-二氯苯醚菊酯(Permethrin)经气管注入大鼠肺部后,另以灌胃给药法作为对照,进行毒物动力学方面的研究。血毒物浓度一时间曲线,符合一级速率两室开放模型。自气管注入后的一级吸收速率常数Ka0.89h~(-1),分布相半衰期T_(1/2)α1.35h,排除相半衰期T_(1/2)β4.31h,逆向转运速率常数K_(21),大于正向转运速率常数K_(12),即K_(12)/K_(21)<1(0.37),中央室表观分布容积V。146.601/kg,廓清率C133.161/h,达峰时间T_(max)1.56h,血中毒物峰值浓度C_(max)2473.28ng/ml。~(14)G-二氯苯醚菊酯主要蓄积在脂肪内,其次为肝、肾。从尿、粪中排出,以尿为多。尿的排泄速率常数kell.38d~(-1),粪为0.90d~(-1);尿的排出半衰期为0.5天,粪为0.77天。实验表明,气管注入组比灌胃组吸收快、排泄慢。     

用室模型与非室模型研究铬剂在家兔体内的药代动力学

作者给家兔静注和口服三价有机铬剂 1 mg/kg,于给药前及给药后不同时间取血,用原子吸收光谱法测得血中铬浓度,以室模型和非室模型分析法计算各药代动力学参数。结果表明:静注铬剂后其血药浓度的变化符合二室模型,T_(1/2)α=1.28h,T_(1/2)β=52.2h,V_d=1.26 (L/kg),Cl=0.022(L/h·kg)。用非室模型法计算所得参数值与上述各数据相近。口服铬剂后其血药液度变化不符合室模型理论,故用非室模型法计算各参数。口服铬剂吸收不良,生物利用度F=4.39％。     

~(125)碘放射免疫分析法对人体内苯妥英钠(DPH)药代动力学的研究

本文用~(125)碘-苯妥英钠放免(PEG)分析法,研究6位志愿者服DPH(片)300mg的药代动学显示,5位志愿者DPH血浓度经时变化较规律,“AKAIKE”判别值显示两种药动学模型,主要参数值分别为,开放一室T_1/2kd=30.7053±31.9156(h),Vd=0.2471±0.02569(L/kg)。Cl=0.1112 0.009549(L/kg·h),AUC·~∞=791.7059±631.253(μg·h/ml);开放二室T_1/2β=27.9154±0.9312(h),Vd=0.2967±0.0084(L/kg),Cl=0.007373±0.O005(L/kg·h,AUC·~∞ =695.5453±213.773(μg·h/ml)。DPH唾药浓度经时变化不规律,与DPH血浓度相关不显著(P>0.05),用于药动学研究意义不大。     

[~3H]冬凌草乙素在小鼠体内的吸收、分布和排泄

采用液体闪烁计数技术研究[~3H]冬凌草乙素在小鼠体内的吸收、分布和排泄。给小鼠经口灌胃(ig)或尾静脉注射(iv)[~3H]冬凌草乙素后,很快被吸收并广泛分布到各组织中。其中以肺、胆囊和肝脏中放射性为最高;其次为肠、胃、胰腺等,肌肉、胸腺和骨中含量最少。iv[~3H]冬凌草乙素3.7×10~7Bq(1.23mg)/kg24h放射性自粪和尿中排泄占总注入量的58.3%。血中放射性—时间曲线表明药代动力学模型似符合二室开放模型。其各时相半衰期分别为T 1/2α=17.9min,T 1?2β=12.7h,其它动力学参数分别为K_(12)=1.38h~(-1),K_(21)=0.84h~(-1),K_(10)=0.15V_c=1.4L kg,V_d=3.9 L kg;ig[~3H]冬凌草乙素3.7×10~7Bq(1.23mg)kg,很快被吸收,其血中放射性—时间曲线似符合二室开放模型,其药代动力学参数分别为T_1 2Ka=17.0min,T_1 2K_e=11.3h.K_a=2.48h~(-1).K_e=0.001min~(-1).以ig和iv[~3H]冬凌草乙素血中放射性—时间曲线下面积计算生物利用度(F)为65%。     

~(35)S—敌枯双在妊娠大鼠和小鼠体内的毒物代谢动力学研究

对致畸剂量的~(35)S-敌枯双一次经口给予妊娠大鼠和小鼠后的动力学进行了比较。两种动物血毒物浓度-时间曲线均符合两室模型:C=Ne~(-Καt)+Le~(-αt)+Me~(-βt)。主要动力学参数;T_(1/2)β:4.75 h(小鼠)和32.05 h(大鼠);T_(1/2):4.73h(小鼠)和6.45 h(大鼠);Vd:88.84ml/kg(小鼠)和801.36 ml/kg(大鼠);Cl:12.85 ml/h(小鼠)和43.96 ml/h(大鼠)。组织分布均以肾和肝最高,脑和脂肪最低,敌枯双可通过胎盘屏障进入胚胎。各组织的排出半衰期大鼠长于小鼠2～6倍,尤以子宫为最。等量烟酰胺不影响敌枯双在这种妊娠动物体内的代谢动力学。     

Ⅱ、~3H-A-OT-FU在小鼠体内的药物动力学

研究了~3H-A-OT-FU经一次灌胃后在小鼠体内的药物动力学。血中药物浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收两室开放模型。剂量200mg/kg的分布相半衰期(t 1/2 α)为1.09小时,消除相半衰期(t 1/2 β)为64.89小时,室间转运速率常数:K_(12)为0·4341h~(-1),K_(21)为0·1714h~(-1),K_(12)/K_(21)>1。表观分布容积(Vd)为108.44ml/kg,体内清除率(CL)为1.1581ml/kg·h~(-1)。~3H-A-OT-FU在体内分布最多的器官是胃肠,以尿粪排出为主要途径。     

超氧化物歧化酶在小鼠体内的药代动力学

研究了~(125)I-超氧化物歧化酶(~(125)I-SOD)1次皮下注射后在小鼠体内的药代动力学。血中药物浓度-时间曲线近似一级吸收一室开放模型。皮下注射~(125)I-SOD5.5MBq/kg(325000U/kg)后的药代动力学参数为吸收半衰期(t(1/2)ka)0.25h;消除相半衰期(t(1/2)β)15h;表观分布容积(Vd)30.01ml/kg;体内清除率(CL)1.3835ml/h;血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)4748.45U/(ml·h)。SOD在体内的分布以肾脏最多,尤其是肾皮质;心、脑分布最少,说明SOD不易通过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统。     

~(99m)Tc-新半乳糖白蛋白在人体内的药代动力学研究

本文报告~(99m)Tc-新半乳糖白蛋白(NGA)给正常人和肝病患者静脉注射后的体内药代动力学。结果表明,NGA在人体内的运转符合二室开放模型的动力学方程。在血中分布相快,消除相慢,正常人T_(1/2)α为1.65分钟,T_(1/2)β为19.39分钟。肝病患者各药代动力学参数值与正常人有显著差异,对临床判断肝功能有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.