血管支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的研究血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法对27例症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管腔内成形术。结果27例患者中,24例成功置入冠脉支架,术后即刻造影显示狭窄程度为(8±4)%,较术前(80±19)%改善明显。2例因支架置入困难改行经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)。平均随访18个月。25例患者术后短暂性脑缺血发作均未发生。无责任血管区新发脑梗死。1例支架置入后3h发生再灌注性脑出血。1例支架脱落后于颈内动脉虹吸部,后用抓捕器取出。1例支架置入术后6个月发生再狭窄。结论经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的一种较安全有效的方法。长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的研究腔内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法对7例症状性颅内动脉狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗。结果7例患者中6例成功置入8枚冠脉支架,1例因支架置入困难仅行经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA),6例患者术后均未发生脑缺血发作,2例患者术后3～8个月复查经颅多普勒超声(TCD)血流通畅,未见内膜过度增生,1例单纯PTA患者术后症状明显改善,1例基底动脉支架成形术后出现动眼神经麻痹。结论腔内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,其长期疗效还需进一步随防研究。     

锁骨下动脉狭窄的经皮血管球囊成形术及内支架治疗

目的 评价并比较经皮血管球囊成形术及内支架治疗对动脉粥样硬化及大动脉炎所致锁骨下动脉狭窄梗阻性病变的治疗效果。方法 １３例锁骨下动脉狭窄梗阻性病变患者,病因为动脉粥样硬化７例,大动脉炎６例。其中锁骨下动脉狭窄８例,完全闭塞５例,均实施了介入治疗。６例单纯行经皮血管球囊成形术,６例置入血管内支架,１例介入治疗失败。结果 １２例行经皮血管内成形术（ＰＴＡ）或血管内支架置入治疗获成功,６例分别置入Ｓｔｒ     

移植肾动脉狭窄的球囊扩张及支架治疗

目的评价肾移植术后肾动脉狭窄球囊扩张及支架植入治疗的疗效。方法对2002年6月～2008年12月肾移植病房的16例肾移植后3个月～4年发生的肾动脉狭窄患者行经皮肾动脉成形术。结果手术成功率100%,术后除1例血压在支架置入2h后下降,术后3d又升高外,其余血肌酐、血压均明显下降,症状缓解率93.7%。1例出现穿刺点血肿;3例发生再狭窄,通过二次球囊扩张及支架植入治疗缓解。结论球囊扩张及支架置入治疗肾移植术后肾动脉狭窄安全有效,是首选治疗方法 。     

动脉粥样硬化性缺血性肾病的血管内介入方法选择和疗效探讨

目的评价动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄血管内介入治疗的方法和临床疗效。方法28例肾动脉狭窄采用导引导管法(A组19例)和导丝交换法(B组9例)，行经皮肾动脉内支架成形术，共植入支架31枚(Palmaz支架22枚，Wallstent4枚，Symphony支架5枚)。随访6个月～1年，观察血压、血肌酐、抗高血压药用药情况，并与术前比较。结果两组肾动脉内支架成形术技术成功率为100％，B组中有2例患者术中发生肾动脉远端分支栓塞，两组共有4支血管发生再狭窄。结论导引导管法肾动脉内支架是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄介入治疗首选方法；维护肾功能是该治疗的首要目的。     

自膨胀式带膜食管支架在恶性食管狭窄患者中的应用

目的　探讨自膨胀式带膜食管支架治疗恶性食管狭窄的价值。方法　 32例晚期食管癌患者置放了自膨式带膜支架 ,全部操作在X线监视下进行 ,支架置入前后行食管造影对比观察。 16例术后接受了放疗和 (或 )化疗。所有病例均随访至死亡。结果　支架置放成功率和支架置入后患者吞咽困难缓解率均为 10 0 % ,除 5例术后 1个月内死亡外 ,术后接受放化疗者的生存时间长于未置支架者 ,两者分别为 (7.2± 6 .1)个月和 (2 .3± 1.4 )个月 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,术后 3个月再狭窄率也低于未置支架者 ,分别为 6 .3%和 5 4 .5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　自膨胀式带膜食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄疗效可靠 ,并发症少 ,术后加放疗和 (或 )化疗可进一步提高疗效     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上颅外动脉狭窄9例

 目的 探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上颅外动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性.方法 应用血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上血管狭窄9例.结果 治疗狭窄动脉10支,狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(81.4±14.11)%下降至(4.9±3.73)%,无死亡病例,术后患者症状均明显改善,无围术期并发症.随访1～8个月,颈动脉超声检查治疗血管无再狭窄.结论 血管内支架成形术治疗症状性弓上颅外动脉狭窄具有安全性高、临床效果好的特点,但由于例数较少,缺乏长期随访效果,值得进一步随访研究.     

急诊冠状动脉内支架置入治疗急性心肌梗死

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉内支架置入成形的安全性和有效性。资料与方法 22例急性心肌梗死患者,男16例,女6例,年龄48～90岁。其中2例合并心源性休克。梗死相关血管：左冠状动脉20支,右冠状动脉8支。22例患者25支血管(30处病变)施行了急诊经皮冠状动脉内支架置入成形术,3支血管行单纯经皮冠状动脉成形术(TPCA)治疗。结果 22例患者28支病变血管全部获得有效开通,其中25支血管(30处病变)一次性置入内支架,支架置入成功率loo％。除1例术后死亡外,2l例术前梗死相关血管平均狭窄95％,术后残余狭窄为6％,临床治疗成功率为95．5％,病死率为4．5％。对顺利出院的21例患者随访6个月．其间无心脏缺血症状发生。结论 急诊经皮冠状动脉内支架置入成形是治疗急性心肌梗死的安全有效措施,成功率高,并发症少,术后心肌再缺血发生率低,对改善患者的近期和远期预后有利。     

经皮血管腔内成形术及支架治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的 评价经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)及支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的效果.方法 对经造影确诊的13例移植肾动脉狭窄患者行FTA和/或支架置入治疗.分析手术的成功率,治疗前后的动脉血压、肌酐水平等参数.采用t检验用于比较治疗前后的参数.结果13例中4例行单纯球囊扩张术,8例扩张效果不佳者同期行支架置人术,1例治疗未成功,PTA/支架置入术的成功率为92.3％.随访6～24个月(中位时间为12个月),9例复查示血管内血流通畅.2例单纯球囊扩张分别于术后1和3个月(平均时间2个月)后再狭窄,再次行支架置入术后保持通畅.1例支架闭塞于术后1个月.术前平均肌酐水平为(2.9±1.5) mg/dL,术后1个月下降至(2.0±1.4) mg/dL(P =0.0098 ＜0.01).收缩压从术前的(157.2 ±18.7) mmHg下降至术后1个月的(136.6±14.2) mm-Hg(P =0.0029 ＜0.01),舒张压由(89.4±9.3) mmHg下降至(73±9.5) mmHg(P=0.0065 ＜0.01).结论 PTA及支架置入术是治疗移植肾动脉狭窄安全和有效的方法.     

应用冠脉血管内超声评价药物涂层支架置放后再狭窄及血管内膜增生

目的应用冠脉内超声测量支架置入6个月后内膜增生厚度,准确比较不同支架再狭窄率。方法选择57例药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后4～8(6±2)个月同意复查冠脉造影及冠脉血管内超声的冠心病(CHD)住院患者,分为Cypher支架组(25例)和Firebird支架组(32例),及同期491例植入金属裸支架(BMS)CHD患者,测量支架置入后6个月时的内膜增生并进行比较。结果冠脉造影显示DES发生再狭窄Cypher组11例,Firebird组10例,裸支架组25例。再狭窄率分别为8.4%,8.9%和10.0%。DES两组差异无统计学意义,裸支架组与Cypher组及Firebird组相比较差异有显著性。冠脉内超声检查结果显示DES组中Cypher支架新生内膜面积为(1.11±0.89)mm2,支架再狭窄率(9.0±0.1)%;Firebird组为(1.13±0.08)mm2,支架再狭窄率(10.0±0.2)%。DES两组间比较差异无统计学意义。裸支架组支架新生内膜面积为(1.44±0.04)mm2,再狭窄率为(21.0±0.1)%,与DES两组比较,有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05)。支架两端的节段狭窄率DES组中近端的节段狭窄Cypher组(0.43±0.25)%与Firebird组(0.40±0.15)%都显著高于裸金属支架组(0.29±0.13)%(P<0.05)。远端的节段狭窄率,三组比较差异无统计学意义。结论应用冠脉内超声评价支架内再狭窄准确度优于冠脉造影。DES降低支架内再狭窄率明显优于裸金属支架,防止支架节段狭窄,裸金属支架可能有优势。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）