Bonfils纤维喉镜用于困难气管插管的效果

气管插管失败及过长时间尝试气管插管是导致麻醉相关病死率的主要原因之一~([1]).为了能够快速有效地控制气道.特别是对于那些利用常规方法存在困难的患者,各种各样的辅助器械不断被发明,为麻醉医师处理困难插管提供了多种手段.B0nfils纤维喉镜自1983年首次报道应用于临床困难气道处理以来,已成为解决困难插管有效手段之一.现就我科应用Bonfils纤维喉镜完成的19例困难插管报道如下.     

Discoscope内窥镜与GlideScope可视喉镜用于声门显露困难患者气管插管效果的比较

目的 比较Discoscope内窥镜与GlideScope可视喉镜用于声门显露困难患者气管插管的效果.方法 择期行经口气管插管的全麻患者40例,Macintosh喉镜显露Cormach-Lehane分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,性别不限,年龄24 ～ 78岁,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=20):GlideScope可视喉镜组(G组)和Discoscope内窥镜组(D组).记录声门显露情况、声门显露时间、气管插管情况、声门显露后至气管导管置入时间和气管插管时间.术后随访患者,记录咽喉出血和咽喉疼痛的发生情况.结果 与G组比较,D组声门显露时间延长,环状软骨按压率降低,声门显露至气管导管置入时间缩短,1次气管插管成功率升高(P＜0.05),1次声门显露成功率、2次声门显露成功率、2次气管插管成功率、气管插管时间、咽喉出血发生率和咽喉疼痛发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与GlideScope可视喉镜比较,Discoscope内窥镜用于声门显露困难患者有助于声门的显露,且可提高气管插管的成功机率.     

HC视频喉镜与Macintosh喉镜引导气管插管效果的比较

目的 比较HC视频喉镜与Macintosh喉镜引导气管插管的效果.方法 择期全麻患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄18 ～ 64岁,体重指数19 ～ 27 kg/m2,Mallampati分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30):HC视频喉镜组(H组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组).麻醉诱导后分别用HC视频喉镜和Macintosh喉镜引导经口气管插管.记录两组患者声门暴露时间、气管插管时间、Cormack-Lehane分级(用于计算声门暴露满意率)、环状软骨按压情况,观察气管插管并发症的发生情况.结果 与M组比较,H组声门暴露满意率升高,环状软骨按压次数降低(P＜0.05).两组患者声门暴露时间、气管插管时间和气管插管并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 HC视频喉镜引导气管插管的效果优于Macintosh喉镜.     

Glidescope视频喉镜辅助纤维支气管镜用于老年患者经口气管插管的效果

目的 评价Glidescope视频喉镜辅助纤维支气管镜(FOB)用于老年患者经口气管插管的效果.方法 择期行腹部手术的老年患者40例,年龄65～77岁,体重43 ～ 82 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,Mallampatis分级l或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=20):FOB组和Glide -scope组.麻醉诱导后,行气管插管.记录气管插管时间、气管插管成功情况;记录气管插管期间低氧血症的发生情况、Glidescope视频喉镜对声门及会厌的显露情况.结果 与FOB组比较,Glidescope组气管插管时间缩短,1次插管成功率升高(P＜0.05).Glidescope视频喉镜显露声门或显露部分声门15例(75％),仅显露会厌或部分会厌5例(25％).两组气管插管期间均未见低氧血症发生.结论 Glideseope视频喉镜辅助FOB引导经口气管插管时可缩短插管时间,提高首次插管成功概率,可安全有效地用于老年患者.     

GlideScope喉镜与Macintosh喉镜辅助双腔气管导管插管术效果的比较

目的 比较GlideScope喉镜与Macintosh喉镜辅助双腔气管导管插管术的效果.方法 选择胸科手术单肺通气的患者70例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,年龄18 ～ 75岁,性别不限.采用随机数字表法,将患者分为2组(n=35)∶GlideScope喉镜组(G组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组).麻醉诱导后,按照Cormack-Lehane分级评估Macintosh喉镜暴露声门程度.采用Macintosh喉镜(M组)和GlideScope喉镜(G组)辅助双腔气管导管插管术.记录Macintosh喉镜和GlideScope喉镜下Cormack-Lehane分级以及置入双腔气管导管的难易程度和双腔气管导管反向置管的发生情况;记录气管插管成功情况和气管插管时间.于气管插管前、气管插管后即刻和气管插管后3 min记录血压及心率.记录术后相关不良反应的发生情况.结果 与M组比较,G组气管插管时间延长,双腔气管导管置管困难程度升高,气管插管后即刻和气管插管后3 min血压升高(P＜0.05),首次气管插管成功率、双腔气管导管反向置管率、Comark-Lehene分级和各时点心率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);G组GlideScope喉镜下Cormack-Lehane分级优于Macintosh喉镜(P＜0.05).结论 与Macintosh喉镜相比,GlideScope喉镜辅助双腔气管导管插管术时能更好地暴露声门,改善气管插管条件,但方法较复杂,且插管反应较强.     

纤维光导塑形芯喉镜在小儿困难气管插管中的应用

纤维光导塑形芯喉镜在小儿困难气管插管中的应用邓晓明，胥琨琳，张秀华，安刚纤维光导塑形芯喉镜（ｆｉｂｅｒ－ｏｐｔｉｃｓｔｙｌｅｔｌａｒｙｎｇｏ－ｓｃｏｐｅ简称ＦＯＳＬ）是近年来用于临床的新型气管插管设备，在解决经口困难气管插管中发挥了重要作用［１］。本...     

颌面外科手术患者视可尼喉镜引导经鼻气管插管的效果

目的 评价颌面外科手术患者视可尼喉镜引导经鼻气管插管的效果.方法 需行经鼻气管插管的颌面外科手术患者100例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,体重指数＜25 kg/m2.50例术前气道评估基本正常的患者随机分为2组(n=25):Macintosh喉镜引导气管插管组(M组)和视可尼喉镜引导气管插管组(S1组).50例张口度≤3 cm,但无面罩通气困难的患者,随机分为2组(n=25):光导纤维支气管镜引导气管插管组(F组)和视可尼喉镜引导气管插管组(S2组).麻醉诱导后分别置入喉镜引导气管插管,行机械通气.评价喉部显露程度和气管插管过程中鼻出血程度,记录气管插管成功情况、气管插管时间和术后鼻部并发症发生情况.结果 与M组比较,S1组气管插管成功率、一次气管插管成功率和喉部显露程度升高,气管插管时间缩短,鼻出血程度降低(P＜0.05),鼻部疼痛、持续出血和鼻塞的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与F组比较,S2组气管插管时间缩短(P＜0.05),气管插管成功率、一次气管插管成功率、喉部显露程度、鼻出血程度和鼻部疼痛、持续出血和鼻塞的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 视可尼喉镜可更好地显露喉部结构,一次气管插管成功率高,更适用于颌面外科手术患者引导经鼻气管插管.     

GlideScope视频喉镜、直接喉镜和光导纤维支气管镜经口气管插管时血液动力学反应的比较

目的比较正常气道患者GlideScope视频喉镜(GSVL)、Macintosh直接喉镜(MDLS)和光导纤维支气管镜(FOB)经口气管插管时的血液动力学反应。方法拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下行择期整形外科手术的患者60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄18-50岁,随机分为3组(n=20):GSVL组、MDLS组和FOB组。常规麻醉诱导后,分别采用GSVL、MDLS或FOB实施经口气管插管,记录麻醉诱导前(基础值)、气管插管前即刻、气管插管后即刻及插管后1、2、3、4、5min血压(BP)和心率(HR),并记录整个观察期BP和HR的最大值。计算各观察时点的收缩压×心率乘积(RPP)。以时间为横坐标、观察期BP和HR为纵坐标计算血液动力学时-效关系曲线下面积。结果与MDLS组相比,FOB组气管插管时间延长(P<0.05),气管插管后即刻HR和RPP升高(P<0.05),GSVL组各指标差异无统计学意义;与GSVL组相比,FOB组各指标差异无统计学意义;3组血液动力学时-效关系曲线下面积差异均无统计学意义。结论与MDLS和FOB相比,采用GSVL在预防正常气道患者经口气管插管时血液动力学反应方面并无明显优势,但FOB引导经口气管插管时所致的血液动力学反应却强于MDLS。     

盲探气管插管装置联合呼气末二氧化碳监测用于困难气道患者经鼻气管插管的效果

目的 评价盲探气管插管装置联合呼气末二氧化碳监测用于困难气道患者经鼻气管插管的效果.方法 择期经鼻气管插管的口腔颌面外科手术患者60例,性别不限,年龄35-64岁,体重55-75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,张口度＜3 cm,颈部后仰度＜30°,Mallampati分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,甲颏间 距＜6.5 cm,预计为困难气道.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30):盲探气管插管装置组(Ⅰ组)和盲探气管插管装置联合呼气末二氧化碳监测(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组采用盲探气管插管装置进行气管插管;Ⅱ组采用肓探气管插管装置结合呼气末二氧化碳监测进行气管插管.记录气管插管情况、气管插管时间、气管插管期间(鼻衄、心动过速、高血压和低氧血症)和术后(咽痛和声音嘶哑)不良反应的发生情况.结果 2组患者气管插管成功率均为100％.2组均未见心动过速、高血压、低氧血症和声音嘶哑的发生.与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组首次气管插管成功率升高,气管插管时间缩短,鼻衄和咽痛的发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 盲探气管插管装置联合呼气末二氧化碳监测用于困难气道患者经鼻气管插管时可缩短气管插管时间,提高气管插管成功率,减少不良反应的发生.     

光棒与纤维支气管镜用于强直性脊柱炎困难气道气管插管的比较

目的 比较光棒(light wand,LW)与纤维支气管镜(fiberoptic bronchoscope,FOB)用于强直性脊柱炎患者的困难气道行气管插管的应用效果.方法 选择62例行择期手术的强直性脊柱炎患者,随机分为LW引导气管插管组(LW组,n=32)和FOB引导气管插管组(FOB组,n=30),经口行气管插管,记录插管时间、成功率,评估血流动力学及插管相关并发症.结果 LW组患者气管插管时间明显短于FOB组(P＜0.01),在插管成功率、气管插管相关并发症及血流动力学变化等方面,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LW和FOB均可用于强直性脊柱炎患者困难气道的气管插管,成功率高,并发症少,对血流动力学影响轻微,而LW操作更为简单,并能缩短气管插管时间.     

A comparison of the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the Bonfils intubation fibrescope in patients with predicted difficult airways

Tracheal intubation with the intubating laryngeal mask airway or the Bonfils intubation fibrescope was performed in 80 patients with predicted difficult airways. Mallampati score, thyromental distance, mouth opening and mobility of the atlanto-occipital joint were used to predict difficult airways. The overall success rate, time to the first adequate lung ventilation and time taken for the successful placement of the tracheal tube were recorded, as well as a subjective assessment of the handling of the device and the incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. The median [range] time to the first adequate ventilation was significantly shorter with the intubating laryngeal mask airway than with the Bonfils intubation fibrescope (28 [6-85] s vs. 40 [23-77] s, p < 0.005). Tracheal intubation was significantly slower with the intubating laryngeal mask airway than with the Bonfils intubation fibrescope (76 [45-155] s vs. 40 [23-77] s, p < 0.0001. Patients in the Bonfils group suffered less sore throat and hoarseness than those in the other group.     

Bonfils fiberscope vs GlideScope for awake intubation in morbidly obese patients with expected difficult airways

Study ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of both Bonfils and GlideScope in obese patient with difficult airways for bariatric surgery using awake intubation.DesignComparative study.SettingOperating room.PatientsThe study was carried out on 60 patients, for laparoscopic bariatric surgery, after approval of the Medical Ethics Committee and having an informed written consent from each patient. Patients were randomly categorized into 2 equal groups 30 patients in each group.InterventionsAwake intubation with either Retromolar Bonfils or GlideScope.MeasurementsTime to visualize the laryngeal inlet, time of intubation, time of scope manipulation, success rate at each attempt, the lowest oxygen saturation, hemodynamic parameters, and any complication.Main ResultsRegarding intubation criteria, GlideScope achieves shorter times compared with Retromolar for visualization of the vocal cords and intubation, in addition to less intubation attempts, but both without a statistically significant difference. Retromolar shows better patient satisfaction than does GlideScope, with statistically significant difference.ConclusionsBoth Bonfils fiberscope and the GlideScope can be successfully used for awake intubation in morbidly obese patients with expected difficult airways. Bonfils intubating fiberscope was more tolerated by patients with statistical difference; on the other hand, GlideScope provided shorter intubation time and less intubation attempts but not statistically significant.     

Tracheal intubation using the Bonfils intubation fibrescope after failed direct laryngoscopy

Failed tracheal intubation due to a difficult airway is an important cause of anaesthetic morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bonfils intubation fibrescope for tracheal intubation after failed direct laryngoscopy. Twenty-five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in the study after two attempts at conventional laryngoscopy by a board certified anaesthetist had failed. Intubation with the Bonfils fibrescope was successful on the first attempt in 22 patients (88%) and on the first or second attempt in 24 patients (96%); in one patient intubation was impossible. Median (IQR [range]) time to intubation using the Bonfils intubation fibrescope was 47.5 (30-80 [20-200]) s. Tracheal intubation using the Bonfils intubation fibrescope appears to be a simple and effective technique for the management of a difficult intubation.     

A combination of the modified Mallampati score,thyromental distance,anatomical abnormality,and cervical mobility (M-TAC) predicts difficult laryngoscopy better than Mallampati classification

ObjectiveUnanticipated difficult tracheal intubation is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in anesthetized patients. A number of modules have been developed to predict difficult airways, but they are often complex in nature. We combined the modified Mallampati score (M), thyromental distance (T), anatomical abnormality (A), and cervical mobility (C) into a single scoring system with the acronym M-TAC, and evaluated it against Mallampati scoring.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 500 adult patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Preoperative airway assessments using M-TAC were performed, all of which were given a score. Anesthesiologists, blinded to the pre-anesthetic airway assessment, performed laryngoscopy and graded the laryngoscopic view as per Cormack and Lehane's classification. For the study purpose, difficult laryngoscopy was defined as Cormack and Lehane Grade 3 or 4 of laryngoscopic view.ResultsAn M-TAC score ≥ 4 had a significantly higher sensitivity (96% vs. 72%) and specificity (86% vs. 78%) with a high positive predictive value (44% vs. 28%) and a very low false negative value (2% vs. 15%) in comparison with Mallampati scoring (p < 0.05). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting difficult laryngoscopy revealed an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.78–0.88) for Mallampati scoring and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.92–0.96) for M-TAC scoring system.ConclusionThe M-TAC scoring system has provided a higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting difficult laryngoscopy in comparison with Mallampati classification.