Stanford B型主动脉夹层的腔内治疗（附134例报告）

目的探讨腔内胸主动脉修复术治疗Stanford B型夹层的临床价值。方法对我院2006年1月～2011年8月134例行腔内胸主动脉修复术的B型主动脉夹层患者的治疗情况进行回顾性分析。男93例,女41例。年龄32～82岁,（56.4±8.3）岁。全麻,数字减影动脉造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）监控下,切开股动脉,将带膜支架置于胸主动脉内膜破口处封堵破口。结合术前影像学、术后门诊影像学随访资料,观察夹层病变演化过程,观察有无内漏、移位和人工血管内支架塌陷等术后并发症。结果 134例原发胸主动脉夹层破口均完全封闭,真腔血流恢复,原受损脏器功能恢复正常。释放支架165枚。围手术期死亡2例,随访死亡1例。90例获得随访,随访时间3～63个月,（25.6±8.4）月,主动脉CT血管成像（CT angiography,CTA）复查显示无内漏、移位等并发症。12例支架尾部破口,再次行腔内隔绝,1例术后逆行性A型夹层。结论腔内胸主动脉修复术治疗Stanford B型夹层具有技术可靠、安全性高、术后恢复快等优点,临床应用前景良好。     

Endovascular Repair of Nontraumatic Ruptured Thoracic Aortic Pathologies

Endovascular repair of ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is receiving increased attention as the number of experienced users increases. Development of thoracic aortic stent grafts has lagged behind infrarenal advancements because of the reported prevalence of disease. In a few centers, however, the experience in performing thoracic stent graft procedures is quite substantial, such that endovascular therapy has been applied to ruptured thoracic aortic pathologies even though data remain limited and this novel therapy remains controversial. We report our combined experience with endovascular repair of ruptured thoracic aneurysms (RTA) and ruptured thoracic dissections (RTD). One hundred eighty-four thoracic stent graft procedures at the University of North Carolina (UNC) and Union Memorial Hospital (UMH) were reviewed and those patients undergoing RTA or RTD repair from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2003 identified. Patients having procedures for elective repair or aortic transections were excluded from the analysis. Patient presentation, preoperative condition, procedural variables, mortality, and morbidity were examined. Seventy-four percent of the collective procedures were undertaken in high-risk patients (UNC, 38 of 40; UMH, 99 of 144). Twenty-two patients (8.7%; UNC, n = 6; UMH, n = 16) underwent treatment for either an RTA (n = 11) or an RTD (n = 11). The average age of this cohort was 66.5 ± 15.6 years and the average aneurysm diameter was 73.1 ± 31.4 mm. The mean duration of symptoms prior to repair was 103.1 ± 122 hr, influenced primarily by transport times and device availability. Stent graft exclusion was accomplished in 100% of patients with a procedural mortality of 0%. Commercial Talent devices were used in 19 patients (86.4%) and AneuRx device was used in 1 patient (4.5%). In the remaining two (9.1%) patients handmade devices constructed of Gianturco stents and Dacron fabric were used because of active hemorrhage and lack of appropriate device sizes. Operative time was 135.5 ± 48.5 min and was associated with an average blood loss of 242.0 ± 232.4 cc. Thirty-day mortality was 45.5% (RTA, 27.3%; RTD, 63.6%; p = 0.099). Length of stay in the intensive care unit was 6.1 ± 7.9 days and the mean hospital stay was 11.7 ± 10.6 days. Major complications were present in 54.5% of RTA (cardiac, 1; pulmonary, 3; cardiovascular accident, 2; spinal cord ischemia, 2; pulmonary embolism, 1), and 81.2% of RTD (multisystem organ failure, 7; pulmonary, 1; common femoral artery injury, 1) but not statistically different between groups. There were only two late complications (cardiac death, endoleak-Ia, 1) that occurred during the mean follow-up of 12.5 ± 11.3 (range, 1-32) months. These results indicate that endovascular repair of ruptured thoracic pathologies can be accomplished with an acceptable morbidity and mortality. There were no immediate procedural mortalities and complete exclusion was accomplished in all patients. Most postoperative complications arose from preexisting medical conditions and were not procedure related. The benefit of endovascular repair of ruptured thoracic aortic pathologies is promising.Presented at the Twenty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Society, Anaheim, CA, June 4–5, 2004.     

覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术在Stanford B型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的观察覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）对Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析华西医院2013年3～6月采用TEVAR治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤患者20例的临床资料,其中男19例,女1例;年龄41～76（58．3±10．2）岁,分析其疗效。结果20例患者中,治愈18例,自动出院1例,术后死亡1例。随访满3个月者16例,随访率88．9％。全部随访患者支架范同内真腔管径有所恢复,假腔或瘤腔内血栓形成。结论TEVAR为Stanford B型主动脉瘤提供了一个新的选择,特别是为高龄和合并严重疾病的患者提供了新的治疗手段,优势明显,值得临床应用。