Marital status, fatness and obesity.

Marital status is related to morbidity and mortality, with married people healthier and at lower risk of death than those who are unmarried (especially among men). However, the relationship between marital status and obesity is not well established. Role theory suggests through a marital causation model that people in the marital role are more likely to be obese, and through a marital selection model that people in the marital role are less likely to be obese because of stigmatization. The martial causation model was examined using data from the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences, a cross-sectional national telephone survey of 3025 adults age 20-64 in the United States. Sequential regression analyses revealed that married men were significantly fatter and more likely to be obese than never married or previously married men, even when demographic, social, and physical variables were controlled. By contrast, marital status was not significantly associated with fatness or obesity among women when other variables were controlled. The marital role appears to influence fatness and obesity among men, but not women.     

Gender and marital status clarify associations between food insecurity and body weight

Prior research shows that food insecurity is associated with being overweight in women, with few and ambiguous results in men. Little is known about the characteristics and roles of individuals who are most likely to be both food insecure and overweight or obese. This study analyzed associations between food insecurity and body weight, and whether gender and marital status are involved in that relationship. Using multiple regression models, we examined food insecurity, marriage, and body weight among 4338 men and 4172 women aged > or = 20 y in the 1999-2002 NHANES. Married men were more likely to be overweight than men in all other marital-status categories except for those living with partners. Divorced men were more likely than never-married men to live in a household with very low food security. Compared with fully food-secure men, marginally food-secure men were heavier, whereas men with low food security were lighter. Compared with fully food-secure women, marginally food-secure women also showed a tendency to be overweight (P = 0.05), whereas women with low food security were more likely to be obese. When considering the interaction between food insecurity and marital status, food insecurity was related to a greater likelihood of obesity among married women, those living with partners, and widows, when compared with never-married women. Sensitivity analyses suggest this effect was concentrated among marginally food-secure women. These findings indicate that food insecurity relates differently to body weight for men and women, and that partnering plays a strong part in this relationship for women.     

Eating patterns may mediate the association between marital status, body mass index, and blood cholesterol levels in apparently healthy men and women from the ATTICA study

Marital status has been recognized as a significant health-influencing factor, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate whether eating habits mediate the relationship between marital status and levels of CVD risk factors among apparently healthy men and women from the ATTICA Study. During 2001-2002, we randomly enrolled 1514 men (18-87 years old) and 1528 women (18-89 years old) from the Attica area, Greece; the sampling was stratified by the age-gender distribution of the region. Participants underwent clinical, anthropometric and psychological assessment. Food consumption was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified as never married, married, divorced and widowed. Discriminant analysis revealed that vegetable consumption, followed by red meat, potatoes, poultry, and soft drinks were the factors with the higher discriminating ability among the food groups studied. In particular, dietary patterns of never married participants were characterized by the consumption of potatoes and red meat, those of married participants by nuts, legumes and fish, those of divorced participants by fruits, cereals and soft drinks, whereas those of widowed participants by dairy, vegetables, sweets and poultry. In addition, never married and divorced participants reported eating fast-foods more frequently and drink less alcohol compared to married or widowed participants. After controlling for potential confounders (i.e., age, gender, physical activity, anxiety score and smoking habits), the reported marital status of the participants was associated only with body mass index and total serum cholesterol levels. When the analysis was repeated after taking into account the information on dietary habits by creating four "new" dietary-adjusted marital status groups, no significant association was revealed between marital status and body mass index and blood cholesterol levels. This finding implies that, in our population, eating patterns may explain the observed differences between marital status and selected CVD risk factors.     

Marital status changes and body weight changes: a US longitudinal analysis

The role of spouse is associated with better health. The dynamics of spousal roles can be represented by marital trajectories that may remain stable or may change by entry into marriage, dissolution of marriage, or death of a spouse. Body weight is an important health-related characteristic that has been found to have mixed relationships with marital status. This analysis examined changes in marital status and body weight in 9043 adults in the US National Health and Nutrition Epidemiological Follow-up Survey (NHEFS), a longitudinal national study that interviewed and measured adults in a baseline assessment and reassessed them again in a follow-up approximately 10 years later. Men's and women's weights were differently associated with marital changes. Women who were unmarried at baseline and married at follow-up had greater weight change than those who were married at both times. Analysis of weight loss and weight gain separately revealed that sociodemographic variables, including marital change, were more predictive of variation in weight loss than weight gain. Unmarried women who married gained more weight than women married at both times. Men who remained divorced/separated and men who became widowed lost more weight than men married at both baseline and follow-up. These findings suggest that changes in social roles, such as entering or leaving marriage, influence physical characteristics such as body weight.     

Gender, marital status, and commercially prepared food expenditure

ObjectiveAssess how per capita expenditure on commercially prepared food as a proportion of total food expenditure varies by the sex and marital status of the head of the household.DesignProspective cohort study, data collected by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 2004 Consumer Expenditure Survey.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsRandomly selected nationally representative sample of 5744 US citizens.Main Outcome MeasuresPer capita spending on commercially prepared food (dependent variable) for every $1 increase in total per capita food spending (independent variable).AnalysisLinear regressions run separately for each permutation of gender and marital status (never married, married, divorced/separated).ResultsProportionate per capita household expenditure on commercially prepared food was found to vary by marital status and gender. Households headed by unmarried men (both divorced/separated and never married) spent a significantly greater proportion of their food budget on commercially prepared food than their married male peers (38% and 60% higher, respectively). Regardless of marital status, households headed by women were found to spend approximately one-third of their total food budget on commercially prepared foods outside the home. Households headed by never married men spent 63% more per capita than those headed by never married women and households headed by divorced or separated men spent 37% more than those headed by divorced or separated women.Conclusions and ImplicationsMarital status is significantly related to the dietary patterns of households headed by men. In light of the high rates of divorce, separation, and delay of marriage, marriage cannot be considered an inclusive or permanent solution to changing male eating patterns. It is important that nutrition educators learn more about the dietary patterns of households headed by males outside the institution of marriage.     

Marital status, marital satisfaction, and body image dissatisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether married individuals have comparable body image disturbance to nonmarried individuals and whether the quality of a marital relationship is significantly related to body image disturbance in a sample of dieters. METHOD: Measures of marital status, marital satisfaction, and body dissatisfaction were administered to a sample of 16,377 subjects who had tried to lose weight at least once within the previous 3 years. RESULTS: Marital status was not associated with increased body dissatisfaction. Marital satisfaction was significantly related to body dissatisfaction when controlling for age, body mass index, self-esteem, and gender. DISCUSSION: Body dissatisfaction occurs at comparable levels among married and single individuals and the study of marital functioning among eating-disordered individuals represents a large gap in the literature.     

Marital status and health: United States, 1999-2002

OBJECTIVE: This report presents prevalence estimates by marital status for selected health status and limitations, health conditions, and health risk behaviors among U.S. adults, using data from the 1999-2002 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). METHODS: Data for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI). The household response rate for the NHIS was 88.7%. This report is based on a total of 127,545 interviews with sample adults aged 18 years and over, representing an overall response rate of 72.4% for the 4 years combined. Statistics were age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Marital status categories shown in this report are: married, widowed, divorced or separated, never married, and living with a partner. RESULTS: Regardless of population subgroup (age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, education, income, or nativity) or health indictor (fair or poor health, limitations in activities, low back pain, headaches, serious psychological distress, smoking, or leisure-time physical inactivity), married adults were generally found to be healthier than adults in other marital status categories. Marital status differences in health were found in each of the three age groups studied (18-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65 years and over), but were most striking among adults aged 18-44 years. The one negative health indicator for which married adults had a higher prevalence was overweight or obesity. Married adults, particularly men, had high rates of overweight or obesity relative to adults in other marital status groups across most population subgroups studied. Never married adults were among the least likely to be overweight or obese.     

Attitudes,beliefs and norms relating to contraceptive use among young migrant and non-migrant adults in urban Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

The young urban population of Tanzania is growing rapidly, primarily due to rural-urban migration. More information is needed on the challenges facing young adult urban women and men in using family planning (FP). The purpose of this study is to identify perceptions, interpersonal and familial attitudes, and sociocultural norms regarding FP among young adults (18–25 years) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, comparing responses by sex, marital status and migration status. We conducted 12 focus groups with young adult men and women (n = 74) in Dar es Salaam in December 2009. Participants knew of modern contraceptive methods, but had serious concerns about side effects. Single men and women preferred condoms. Female migrants stated that traditional methods were ineffective, yet commonly used in rural areas. Men's desires for more children frequently led female migrants not to use FP, while many married long-term residents used FP discreetly. Single women sometimes received the support of their parents/boyfriends to access and use contraception. Findings highlight differences in experiences among young adult men and women based on their migrant and marital status at the individual, interpersonal and normative levels. Future efforts to promote FP should engage existing social support systems and cultivate new ones in response to barriers.     

The influence of marital status on the use of breast,cervical, and colorectal cancer screening

PurposeTo examine the impact of marital status on the use of screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer.MethodsWe relied on 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey age-appropriate screening cohorts. Appropriate screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer was determined according to United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendations in effect at the time of the 2012 survey. Complex samples logistic regression models were performed to examine the effect of marital status on cancer screening.ResultsOverall, 81.6, 83.9, and 68.9% of married participants underwent breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively, relative to 74.2, 75.1, and 60.9% for divorced/widowed/separated, individuals, and 74.7, 78.7, and 53.4% for never married individuals. Marital status (married vs. never married) was an independent predictor of screening for all cancers examined: breast cancer, odds ratio (OR): 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–1.61); cervical cancer, OR: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.16–1.43); colorectal cancer, OR: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.51–1.77). Gender-specific subgroup analyses for colorectal cancer suggests that marital status may exert a greater effect in men, relative to women (married men: OR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.56–1.96; married women: OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.35–1.70).ConclusionBeing married is associated with increased utilization of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. The influence of marital status was greater in men relative to women eligible for colorectal cancer screening. Our results emphasize the importance of social determinants of health-seeking behaviors.     

Marital history from age 15 to 40 years and subsequent 10-year mortality: a longitudinal study of Danish males born in 1953

BACKGROUND: The aims of the present study are to analyse the association between marital status at age 24, 29, 34, and 39 years and subsequent mortality in a cohort of men born in 1953 (sensitive period); to study the impact of number of years married, number of years divorced/widowed, and number of marital break-ups on mortality (cumulative effect), and to examine whether these effects were independent of marital status at age 39 (proximity effect). METHODS: Prospective birth cohort study with follow-up of mortality from 1992 to 2002. Participants were 10891 men born within the metropolitan area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Marital status in 1992 as well as start and termination of all previous marital status events from 1968 to 1992 were retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Were hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality from age 40 to 49 years. RESULTS: We found a strong protective effect of being married compared with never being married or divorced/widowed at every age. The association increased in strength with increasing age. Number of years divorced was associated with increased mortality risk in a dose-dependent manner at age 34 and 39 years. One or more marital break-ups was associated with higher mortality, whereas increasing number of years married was associated with lower mortality. Inclusion of current marital status attenuated the strength of the associations but most of them remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Marital status and cumulated marital periods, especially cumulated periods divorced/widowed are strong independent predictors of mortality among younger males.     

Perceived health risk of excess body weight among overweight and obese men and women: differences by sex

OBJECTIVES: To describe perceptions of health risk from excess body weight among adults, and assess if lack of perceived risk was associated with trying to lose weight. METHODS: Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to determine odds of disagreement that one's weight is a health risk and odds of trying to lose weight among overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9 kg/m(2), n=1296) and obese (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2), n=1335) adult participants in the 2004 Styles' surveys. RESULTS: Men were more likely than women to disagree their body weight was a health risk (among the overweight, 62% vs. 43%; the obese 20% vs. 14% obese). Disagreement with risk was associated with good health status and race/ethnicity among both sexes and lower education and income among women. Odds of currently trying to lose weight were significantly lower among obese men who disagreed, and overweight men and women who were neutral or disagreed that their body weight was a health risk. CONCLUSIONS: Many overweight and obese adults do not perceive their weight to be a health risk; this perception was associated with lower prevalence of trying to lose weight, particularly among men. Discussion by clinicians about the health risks of excess weight may alter perceived risk and help promote weight loss efforts.     

Mistreatment due to weight: prevalence and sources of perceived mistreatment in women and men

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has documented prejudicial attitudes and discrimination against overweight people. Yet the extent to which overweight people themselves perceive that they have been mistreated because of their weight has not been carefully studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of perceived mistreatment due to weight and sources of perceived mistreatment. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A non-clinical sample of healthy adults (187 men and 800 women) enrolled in a weight gain prevention program comprised the study population. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure perceived mistreatment due to weight. RESULTS: Overall, 22% of women and 17% of men reported weight-related mistreatment. The most commonly reported sources of mistreatment among women were strangers (12.5%) and a spouse or loved one (11.9%). Men were most likely to report mistreatment by a spouse or loved one (10.2%) and friends (7.5%). Somewhat surprisingly, sex differences in perceived weight-related mistreatment were significant only for stranger as the source. Perceived weight-related mistreatment was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.39, p<0.0001). Reported mistreatment was nearly ten times as pervalent among individuals in the highest quartile of the BMI distribution (42.5%) than among those in the lowest BMI quartile (5.7%), but was significantly greater than zero in all but the very lean. DISCUSSION: Perceived mistreatment due to weight is a common experience and is not restricted to the morbidly obese. Results are discussed in light of the sociocultural value for thinness.     

The social patterning of relative body weight and obesity in Denmark and Finland

BACKGROUND: Relative body weight is typically inversely associated with social status in affluent societies but studies comparing the social patterning of relative body weight and obesity in different countries have only seldom been conducted. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the social patterning of relative weight and obesity by occupational status, educational attainment and marital status between Danish and Finnish women and men. METHODS: Data from the Finnish Survey on Living Conditions and the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey, both collected in 1994, were compared. Relative weight was studied by using body mass index (BMI), and those with BMI > or =30 kg/m(2) were regarded as obese. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the social patterning of obesity in the pooled dataset. Two-variable interaction effects were tested separately. RESULTS: Compared with their Danish counterparts, Finnish women and men had higher average relative weight and they were more often obese. There were no country differences in the socio-economic patterning of obesity by educational attainment, but a stronger patterning of obesity by occupational status was found among Danish women. Moreover, non-married women in Denmark were more likely to be obese than their married counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Finns have higher relative weight and they are more often obese than Danes. The social patterning of obesity was similar in both studied countries but stronger in Denmark.     

Marital differences in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension among Polish men

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital status and blood pressure, and to assess the risk of hypertension in adult Polish men, after adjustment for BMI. Material comprised the data of 2,271 healthy men, aged 25–60, occupationally active inhabitants of Wroclaw (south-western Poland). Arterial hypertension was diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg. The following categories of marital status and educational level were applied: never married vs. currently married, and well-educated vs. poorly educated, respectively. The data on lifestyle elements were obtained from questionnaires. Multifactorial analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare mean values of SBP and DBP in married vs. never married in subsequent age categories with BMI as a covariate. Independent effects of marital status, life-style variables and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of hypertension in men were analysed using the multifactorial models of logistic regression. In our analysis an interesting epidemiological phenomenon was observed. Never married men had on average higher SBP and DBP than married men. Never married had also a higher risk of hypertension when compared to married men, even when adjusted for different demographic, socio-economic, life-style variables, and even that never married men had lower BMI than married subjects. Marital differences in psychological status (prolonged stress and low social support), dietary intake (mainly sodium and potassium intake) and economic aspects of living alone are suggested as factors, which might explain at least partly the marital diversity in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in men.     

Body size perceptions and eating attitudes in elderly men

The majority of studies on eating attitudes, dieting and body size perceptions have focused on young adults and women. This study examined these attitudes in 334 black and white men, ages 55 to 98 years, who were members of the Charleston Heart Study cohort. Associations of the eating attitude variable with race, education and weight status were examined. Eighty-two percent of the overweight white men studied had dieted to lose weight, whereas only 49% of slimmer white men had dieted. In contrast, overweight black men did not diet more than slimmer black men. Overall black men dieted less than white men (37% reported dieting). Black men who were high school graduates were 1.3 times more likely to have dieted than were less educated black men. Overweight white men were over twice as likely as slimmer white men to feel guilty after overeating. This difference was not found in overweight versus slimmer black men. Education was not associated with measured body mass index (BMI) or perceived or ideal body size. However, there were some racial differences in these variables. White men preferred to be slightly thinner than black men (ideal BMI 25.6 vs. 26.1 kg/m2), and the difference between actual and desired BMI was 0.6 kg/m2 greater in white than in black men. These results indicate that effects of race and weight status on eating restraint and body size perceptions seen in younger subjects and in women are also present, at least to some degree, in elderly men.     

Marital Status and Risk of Physical Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectivesEvidence on associations between marital status and frailty is limited. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review for associations between marital status and physical frailty and to perform a meta-analysis to combine findings.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Setting and participantsCommunity-dwelling older people with mean age ≥60 years.MethodsSystematic literature search using 5 databases was conducted in February 2019 to identify longitudinal and cross-sectional studies examining associations between marital status and Fried's phenotype-based frailty status. Additional studies were searched for by reviewing the reference lists of relevant articles and conducting forward citation tracking of included articles. Odds ratio (OR) of marital status and frailty was pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and analyses stratified by gender and marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, and never married) were completed.ResultsA total of 1565 studies were found, from which 3 studies with longitudinal data and 35 studies with cross-sectional data were included. Although longitudinal studies suggested that married men had lower frailty risks than unmarried men while married women had higher frailty risks than widowed women, meta-analysis was not possible because of different methodologies. Meta-analyses of cross-sectional data from 35 studies including 80,754 individuals showed that unmarried individuals were almost twice more likely to be frail than married individuals (pooled odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.70-2.07). A high degree of heterogeneity was observed (I² = 69%) and was partially explained by reasons for not being married and study location. Stratified analyses showed that pooled risks of frailty in the unmarried compared with the married were not statistically different between women and women (P for difference = .62).Conclusions and ImplicationsThree and 35 studies, respectively, were found providing longitudinal and cross-sectional data regarding associations between marital status and frailty among community-dwelling older people. A meta-analysis of cross-sectional data showed almost twice higher frailty risk in unmarried individuals compared with married individuals. Marital status should be recognized as an important factor, and more longitudinal studies controlling for potential confounding factors are needed.     

Marital status and its relation to the use of short-stay hospitals and nursing homes

Marital status has been associated with a wide variety of health indices and health practices. To better understand the relation of marital status to use of health facilities, discharge data from two surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics--the 1979 National Hospital Discharge Survey and the 1976 National Nursing Home Survey--were examined by marital status, sex, age, diagnosed condition, and, for nursing home data, source of payment. For the four marital status categories considered in this analysis (married, never married, separated and divorced, and widowed), married and never married persons had the lowest overall discharge rates and widowed persons had the highest. Among men in each of the categories, those less than 45 years of age had the lowest rates, while never married and widowed men 45 and older generally had the highest rates. Among persons 45 years of age and older, the married-especially women-had the lowest rates and the never married-especially men-had the highest rates. A consistent finding was that, for never married persons, rates of use for both short-stay hospitals and nursing homes, as measured by discharge rates, increased to a greater degree with age than they did for the other marital groups. The possible reasons for the difference in use of health facilities by the different marital groups are discussed and the importance of marital status as a determinant of such use is stressed.     

Sex,race/ethnicity,socioeconomic status,and BMI in relation to self-perception of overweight

OBJECTIVE: To compare the self-perception of overweight in the study population according to sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status and to compare the self-perception of overweight among individuals classified as normal weight, overweight, and obese. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Data from 5440 adults who participated in the 1994 to 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture were analyzed. Data for analysis included self-perceived weight status, self-reported weight and height, and demographic and socioeconomic data. Underweight individuals, defined as those with a body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Self-perception of overweight was more common in women compared with men and in whites compared with blacks or Hispanics. Both the correct and incorrect perception of overweight was more common in normal weight and overweight white women compared with black women. More overweight and obese white men correctly perceived their overweight status compared with black men. Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds ratio of perceived overweight was significantly higher in women, whites, and individuals with higher body mass index, higher income, and higher education. DISCUSSION: Self-perceived overweight varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Erroneous perception of body weight may have important health and behavioral implications. In particular, a considerable proportion of overweight men may be at risk of obesity if they continue to perceive themselves as having normal weight.     

Parents' perception of their child's weight status and intention to intervene: a Western Australian cross‐sectional population survey, 2009–12

Objective: To report on parents' perceptions of their child's weight status and how the child's body mass index (BMI) is associated with parent intentions to change or maintain the child's weight. Methods: Estimates were derived via data collected from 4,437 parents from 2009 to 2012 as part of the Western Australian Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System. To measure weight perceptions, parents were asked, “Is your child underweight, normal weight, overweight or very overweight?” BMI values were also derived via parent‐reported height and weight. Parent intentions were assessed by asking parents, “What are your intentions regarding your child's weight?” Results: Significantly fewer parents perceived their child as overweight (8.2%) or very overweight (0.2%) than was derived via parent‐reported height and weight (16.3% and 5.8%, respectively). More than half the parents with children above or below the healthy BMI range reported an intention to “do nothing” about their child's weight (between 54.5% and 70.0%). Conclusions: A large proportion of Western Australian parents misjudge their child's weight status and the majority express no intention to help their child achieve a healthy weight. Implications: The results reinforce the importance of population‐level, parent‐focussed interventions targeting perceptions of children's weight and appropriate action.     

Characteristics of adults with overweight and obesity who have not attempted weight loss in the prior 12 months

ObjectiveTo determine weight-related characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity who had not attempted weight loss in the prior 12 months.MethodsAdults from the obesity cohort of the PORTAL clinical data research network were randomly selected to complete a survey in 2015. It included topics of experiences with health care providers, weight history, and health-promoting behaviors.ResultsA total of 2811 adults completed the survey, of whom 24% reported not attempting weight loss in the previous 12 months. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index, respondents who reported that their health care provider never talked about weight were more likely to not attempt weight loss in the previous 12 months compared with respondents who reported providers frequently brought up weight (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.66). Respondents who perceived themselves as normal weight or underweight were 4.22 times more likely (95% CI: 3.53, 5.05) to not attempt weight loss compared with respondents who perceived themselves as overweight. Respondents who reported that they never tried to lose at least 10 lbs, ate 0−2 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, or engaged in 0−29 min of physical activity weekly were less likely to attempt weight loss.ConclusionsReceiving advice on weight loss from health care providers to improve awareness of overweight and obesity status may be important factors for a person’s weight management. Provider discussions about weight may be a strategy to motivate weight loss attempts.