Medical care setting is associated with survival in acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding: A cohort study

BackgroundThere are limited data on the effect of the medical care setting on survival in patients admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.AimsTo identify the organisational and care setting which provides the optimal survival in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsA retrospective observational study of administrative data from a cohort of patients admitted to a Regional or Local hospital, and cared for in a gastroenterology or general ward.Primary outcome30 day survival for non-variceal bleeding and 42 day survival for variceal bleeding.ResultsOut of 3368 patients, the source of bleeding was non-variceal in 2980 (88.5%). Survival, adjusted for clinical and organisational factors, was higher in patients admitted to a gastroenterology ward vs other wards (OR = 2.02 p < 0.0006). Management in a gastroenterology ward in a Regional hospital provided a higher survival rate (95.6% ± 0.08) vs a non-gastroenterology ward in a Local hospital (92.9% ± 0.05 p < 0.01) or a non-gastroenterology ward in a Regional hospital (89.5% ± 0.01 p < 0.0001). Survival (94.0% ± 1.6) in a Local hospital with a gastroenterology ward was significantly higher than in a Regional hospital without (89.5% ± 1.1) p < 0.01.ConclusionSurvival was optimal for patients treated in a gastroenterology ward independently of Regional or Local hospital setting.     

Hemospray治疗上消化道出血六例临床观察

目的评价Hemospray治疗上消化道出血的疗效和安全性。方法将2018年8—11月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内科采用Hemospray止血的6例病例纳入回顾性分析,总结即刻止血率、术后7 d再出血率及治疗相关不良反应发生情况。结果6例上消化道出血患者因常规内镜止血无效采用Hemospray止血,均实现即刻止血,术后7 d有1例患者发生再出血,无一例出现治疗相关不良反应。结论本研究初步证实Hemospray治疗常规止血疗效欠佳的上消化道出血安全有效,可作为内镜下止血治疗的一种新选择。     

Advanced prehospital care for pediatric emergencies

During an 18-month study period, the mobile intensive care unit (MICU) in Jerusalem responded to 307 pediatric emergencies, representing 5% of the total MICU case load. The most common medical problems were seizures, diagnosed in 100 cases (32%), and conditions related to trauma, diagnosed in 77 cases (23%). Forty-one cases (13%) were cardiac arrests. Nineteen patients were pronounced dead with a resuscitation attempt; resuscitation was attempted in 22 patients. Four patients were stabilized for admission to the hospital, but there were no long-term survivors. Eighteen cardiac arrest patients (82%) were found in asystole, and most had previous serious medical problems. Based on our experience children are less likely to require or benefit from advanced levels of prehospital care compared to the adult population. When resources for advanced care are limited, priority should be given to adult emergencies.     

Not FIT for Use: Fecal Immunochemical Testing in the Inpatient and Emergency Settings

BackgroundFecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is widely used for colorectal cancer screening, its only indication. Its effect on clinical decision-making beyond screening is unknown. We studied the use of FIT in emergency and inpatient settings and its impact on patient care.MethodsUsing electronic medical records, we reviewed all non-ambulatory FITs performed from November 2017 to October 2019 at a tertiary care community hospital. We collected data on demographics, indications, gastroenterology consultations, and endoscopic procedures. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of FIT on gastroenterology consultation and endoscopy.ResultsWe identified 550 patients with at least 1 FIT test. Only 3 FITs (0.5%) were performed for colorectal cancer screening. FITs were primarily ordered from the emergency department (45.3%) or inpatient hospital floor (42.2%). Anemia (44.0%), followed by gastrointestinal bleeding (40.9%), were the most common indications. FIT was positive in 253 patients (46.0%), and gastroenterology consultation was obtained for 47.4% (n = 120), compared with 14.5% (n = 43) of the 297 FIT-negative patients (odds ratio 3.28; 95% confidence interval, 2.23-4.82, P < .0001). A potential bleeding source was identified in 80% of patients with reported or witnessed overt gastrointestinal bleeding, a similar proportion (80.7%; P = .92) to patients who were FIT positive with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. Multivariate analysis showed that melena, hematemesis, and a positive FIT were associated with gastroenterology consultation (all P < .05), while only melena (odds ratio 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-7.54) was associated with endoscopy.ConclusionsNearly all emergency department and inpatient FIT use was inappropriate. FIT resulted in more gastroenterology consultation but was not independently associated with inpatient endoscopy.     

Clinical treatment outcomes of hypertensive emergency patients: Results from the hypertension registry program in Northeastern Thailand

Hypertensive emergency care is a challenge in clinical practices due to vital organ complications that may lead to unfavorable outcomes if left untreated. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, clinical characters, treatment, and outcomes of hypertensive emergency patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital in Northeast Thailand from January 2016 to December 2019. Hypertensive crises patients were consecutively registered to the Hypertension Registry Program. There were 263 674 patients who were admitted to the ER, 60,755 of whom had BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and 1,342 of whom were diagnosed with a hypertensive emergency (127 per 100 000 patient‐year). The mean age was 66 years old, and 52.1% of the registered patients were men. The most common target organ damage was caused by stroke (49.8%), followed by acute heart failure (19.3%), and then by acute coronary syndrome (6.5%). Intravenous antihypertensive medication was given in 42.1% of the patients, and 80% were admitted to the hospital. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.6%. In conclusion, hypertensive emergencies were not uncommon among the emergency patients. Strokes caused the most common target organ damage. Although there was a high hospital admission rate, the mortality rate was low.     

上消化道出血急诊内镜检查和治疗

目的比较上消化道出血急诊内镜检查及止血的即刻止血率、再出血发生率及住院死亡率．方法上消化道出血４８６例，分为两组，Ａ组为１９９１年底以前出血者（ｎ＝２０９），Ｂ组为１９９２年以后出血者（ｎ＝２７７）．两组大出血发生率无显著差别．Ｂ组出血后２４ｈ内行急诊检查者明显多于Ａ组（Ｐ＜００１）．结果Ｂ组急性胃粘膜损伤出血（９７％）多于Ａ组（５３％），原因不明出血者（４３％）少于Ａ组（９６％）．经过治疗，Ｂ组出血控制率（９４４％）高于Ａ组（６０３％），再出血率（９４％）低于Ａ组（１５８％），住院死亡率（２８％）低于Ａ组（１０１％）．结论急诊内镜检查可提高出血病因诊断率，配合有效的止血措施，可提高止血率和降低住院死亡率     

急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影诊治Dieulafoy病4例临床分析

目的探讨急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影诊治Dieulafoy病的临床价值。方法我院消化内科2009年1月1日～2010年12月31日共收治Dieulafoy病18例,对其中急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影救治Dieulafoy病所致上消化道大出血4例进行临床分析,通过急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影的协同应用,观察对出血部位、病因的诊断价值和止血效果。结果 4例患者均在就诊1～24h内胃镜检查确诊Dieulafoy病,其中3例给予镜下钛夹止血或药物喷洒止血后仍有活动性出血随即行选择性动脉造影血管栓塞治疗,1例因镜下出血表现为喷射样,并血压下降,给予病灶旁钛夹标记后随即行选择性动脉造影血管栓塞治疗。本组4例在选择性动脉造影同时结合内镜所见均给予相应病变血管弹簧栓或明胶海绵栓塞止血治疗并成功止血。结论急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影血管栓塞术协同诊治Dieulafoy病所致消化道出血,两者互为补充,是一种安全、有效、可靠的诊治方法。     

The impact of a primary care physician cooperative on the caseload of an emergency department: The maastricht integrated out-of-hours service

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of an out-of-hours primary care physician (PCP) cooperative on the caseload at the emergency department (ED) and to study characteristics of patients utilizing out-of-hours care. DESIGN: A pre-post intervention design was used. During a 3-week period before and a 3-week period after establishing the PCP cooperative, all patient records with out-of-hours primary and emergency care were analyzed. SETTING: Primary care in Maastricht (the Netherlands) is delivered by 59 PCPs. Primary care physicians formerly organized out-of-hours care in small locum groups. In January 2000, out-of-hours primary care was reorganized, and a PCP cooperative was established. This cooperative is located at the ED of the University Hospital Maastricht, the city's only hospital, which has no emergency medicine specialists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of patients utilizing out-of-hours care, their age and sex, diagnoses, post-ED care, and serious adverse events. RESULTS: After establishing the PCP cooperative, the proportion of patients utilizing emergency care decreased by 53%, and the proportion of patients utilizing primary care increased by 25%. The shift was the largest for patients with musculoskeletal disorders or skin problems. There were fewer hospital admissions, and fewer subsequent referrals to the patient's own PCP and medical specialists. No substantial change in new outpatient visits at the hospital or in mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In the city of Maastricht, the Netherlands, the PCP cooperative reduced the use of hospital emergency care during out-of-hours care.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控时期主动脉急症患者诊治的建议

近期新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情爆发,恰逢主动脉急症高发的冬春时节,而主动脉急症大多起病急骤,病情危重,死亡率高,需紧急处理。在国家"重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应机制"之下,疫期主动脉急症患者的诊疗需制订全新的流程。如何在这一特殊时期增强医护人员的防护和正确救治意识,既让主动脉急症患者获得及时、有效的治疗,又能避免救治期间可能发生的院内疫情传播,是急诊科、心外科、血管外科等相关学科当前面临的重大课题。本文呼吁各医疗单位在严格遵守政府和医院感控部门规章制度的基础上开展医疗实践,在"疫情防控为重,严防院内感染,确诊COVID-19患者首选保守"的前提下,提倡"择期手术适当推迟,限期手术术前隔离排查,急诊手术严格防护"的诊治原则,同时针对COVID-19疫期主动脉急症患者的急诊科接诊、病房收治、术前准备、术中防护、术后处理等方面提出了建议。     

Risk factors for mortality in severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Background and aims Factors related to mortality after upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding may differ in importance in high- and low-risk populations. This retrospective study was undertaken to define risk factors of mortality in patients needing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding at a tertiary care centre.Patients/methods Three hundred and sixty-two patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were identified from endoscopy charts. Patients characteristics, bleeding parameters, clinical presentation, pre-existing medication and laboratory data were retrieved from hospital charts and patients who survived and those who died in hospital were compared.Results/findings The mean Rockall score was 6.6±1.3 with 92.5% of patients belonging to a Rockall high-risk group. In hospital, mortality was 26.5%, with 6.4% of patients dying as a direct consequence of bleeding. Variceal bleeding was associated with a high risk of recurrent bleeding and death. Renal disease, liver disease, coagulopathy and immunosuppression were more frequently found in non-survivors than in survivors. Accordingly, serological tests of renal or liver function and coagulation were more disturbed in non-survivors. On average, heart rate was higher, and blood pressure and haemoglobin levels lower in non-survivors. Heparin, glucocorticoids, and anti-ulcer drugs were more frequently used in patients dying in hospital. By logistic regression analysis, in-patient status at the time of bleeding, renal disease and coagulopathy, as well as glucocorticoid use, were risk factors for hospital mortality.Interpretation/conclusion In tertiary care, a high mortality rate is observed in upper GI bleeding. Teams involved in treating such patients should be aware of the setting in which treatment is performed and its related risk factors.     

住院患者消化道出血的病因分布与临床分析

目的统计分析消化道出血的病因与相关因素,分析消化内镜在消化道出血患者中的应用,并比较上消化道出血患者和下消化道出血患者的临床差异。方法对宜昌市中心人民医院消化内科2012年1月-2012年12月所有434例消化道出血住院患者进行回顾性分析。结果消化道出血占消化科所有住院患者的17.5%,消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变和结肠癌为消化道出血的主要原因。上消化道出血以消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变、胃癌居多,下消化道出血主要为结肠癌、结肠息肉、炎症性肠病及慢性结肠炎。内镜对消化道出血患者的诊断阳性率高(83.4%),内镜下介入治疗患者较未接受内镜介入治疗患者有更高的治愈率(91.0%vs 65.5%,P0.05)和更少的住院时间[(8.2±4.3)d vs(12.8±6.1)d,P0.05]。结论消化性溃疡、食管胃底静脉曲张、急性胃黏膜病变、结肠癌为消化道出血最常见的病因,内镜检查可明显提高诊断率,内镜介入治疗可提高治疗成功率。     

Knowledge of heart disease and stroke among cardiology inpatients and outpatients in a Canadian inner-city urban hospital

BACKGROUND:

Heart disease and stroke are leading causes of death in North America. Nevertheless, in 2003, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada reported that nearly two-thirds of Canadians have misconceptions regarding heart disease and stroke, echoing the results of similar American studies. Good knowledge of these conditions is imperative for cardiac patients who are at greater risk than the general population and should, therefore, be better educated. The present study evaluated the awareness of heart disease and stroke among cardiac patients to assess the efficacy of current education efforts.

METHODS:

Two hundred fifty-one cardiac inpatients and outpatients at St Michael’s Hospital (Toronto, Ontario) were surveyed in July and August 2004. An unaided questionnaire assessed respondents’ knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, symptoms of heart attack and stroke, and actions in the event of cardiovascular emergency. Demographic data and relevant medical history were also obtained.

RESULTS:

Cardiac patients demonstrated relatively adequate knowledge of heart attack warning symptoms. These patients also demonstrated adequate awareness of proper actions during cardiovascular emergencies. However, respondents were not aware of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of stroke symptoms was also extremely poor. Socioeconomic status, and personal history of heart attack and stroke were positively correlated with good knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS:

Future patient education efforts should address the awareness of the important cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge of cardiovascular warning symptoms (especially for stroke), as well as inform patients of appropriate actions during a cardiovascular emergency. Emphasis should be placed on primary and secondary prevention, and interventions should be directed toward low-income cardiac patients.     

The "Hub and Spoke" model has no effect on mortality in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A prospective multicenter cohort study

Backgroundthe lack of standardized pathways for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding may have led to differences in their management and inequity to medical care access. The "Hub & Spoke" model was adopted to fill this gap in many disciplines, but, to our knowledge, no data exist on its efficacy on mortality in GI bleeding. We aimed to evaluate if the "Hub & Spoke" organizational model has an impact on mortality risk from UGIB.Methodsfrom January 2014 to December 2015, 3324 consecutive patients admitted for UGIB in 50 Italian hospitals were enrolled (1977 patients in hospitals within the "Hub & Spoke" network for digestive hemorrhagic emergency and 1347 in hospitals outside the "Hub & Spoke" network). Clinical, endoscopic and organizational data were recorded.Resultswe observed no differences in mortality between patients admitted to hospitals included or not included in the "Hub & Spoke" network (5.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.3). On multivariate analysis, admission in gastroenterology wards (OR 0.61, p = 0.001) or an academic hospital (OR 0.65, p < 0.056) were independent protective factors while being in "Hub & Spoke" organization system did not affect mortality (OR 1.09, p = 0.57).Conclusionthe "Hub & Spoke" model per sé does not impact on mortality while being treated in academic hospital or gastroenterology wards improved survival.     

Endoscopy-based triage significantly reduces hospitalization rates and costs of treating upper GI bleeding: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Many patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding have a benign outcome and could receive less intensive and costly care if accurately identified. We sought to determine whether early endoscopy performed shortly after admission in the emergency department could significantly reduce the health care use and costs of caring for patients with nonvariceal upper GI bleeding without adversely affecting the clinical outcome. METHODS: All eligible patients with upper GI bleeding and stable vital signs were randomized after admission to undergo endoscopy in 1 to 2 days (control) or early endoscopy in the emergency department. Patients with low-risk findings on early endoscopy were discharged directly from the emergency department. Clinical outcomes and costs were prospectively assessed for 30 days. RESULTS: We randomized 110 consecutive stable patients with nonvariceal upper GI bleeding during the 12-month study period. The baseline demographic features, endoscopic findings, and the clinical outcomes were no different between the two groups. However the findings of the early endoscopy allowed us to immediately discharge 26 of 56 (46%) patients randomized to that group. No patient discharged from the emergency department suffered an adverse outcome. The hospital stay (median of 1 day [interquartile range of 0 to 3 days] vs. 2 days [interquartile range of 2 to 3 days], p = 0.0001) and the cost of care ($2068 [interquartile range of $928 to $3960] versus $3662 [interquartile range of $2473 to $7280], p = 0.00006) were significantly less for the early endoscopy group. CONCLUSIONS: Early endoscopy performed shortly after admission in the emergency department safely triaged 46% of patients with nonvariceal upper GI bleeding to outpatient care, which significantly reduced hospital stay and costs.     

急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影诊治上消化道大出血：7例临床分析

背景：上消化道大出血属急危重症,联合多种诊治手段有助于提高救治效果。目的：探讨急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影在上消化道大出血诊治中的应用价值。方法：选取2009年1月～2010年12月北京军区总医院经急诊内镜止血失败或止血成功后再次大出血的7例患者并给予选择性动脉造影和栓塞治疗。观察急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影对明确病因诊断和止血效果的价值。结果：7例患者行急诊内镜检查确诊为上消化道大出血．并经镜下止血治疗后仍有严重活动性出血．行选择性动脉造影和栓塞治疗。7例患者就诊后行急诊内镜的平均时间为4．4h．选择性动脉造影平均时间为8．4h。4例患者表现为造影剂外溢的出血直接征象．其余3例表现为异常血管分支增粗紊乱的间接征象;给予弹簧圈栓塞或明胶海绵栓塞治疗后均成功止血。结论：急诊内镜联合选择性动脉造影是一种及时、安全、有效的诊治上消化道大出血的方法。     

COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: What should be taken into account?

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a subsequent impact on the entire world and health care system. Since the causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 houses in the aerodigestive tract, activities in the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic and endoscopy unit should be limited to emergencies only. Health care professionals are faced with the need to perform endoscopic or endoluminal emergency procedures in patients with a confirmed positive or unknown COVID-19 status. With this report, we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high-quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic.     

Optimizing Survival from Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Survival From Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Cardiac arrest is an important public health problem and often occurs in the out‐of‐hospital setting in patients without a prior history of heart disease. Very few communities or emergency medical service (EMS) systems report survival rates for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Among those who do, survival rates vary substantially between cities, due in large part to community differences in the chain of survival. To improve survival in cardiac arrest, care must be optimized at each point along the cardiac arrest continuum, including a rapid emergency response, provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by bystanders, delivery of high‐quality chest compressions with minimal interruptions by first responders, rapid defibrillation, and optimization of postresuscitation care, including therapeutic hypothermia. Important current initiatives to improve cardiac arrest survival include hands‐only CPR delivered by laypersons prior to the arrival of EMS, dispatcher‐assisted CPR, and implementation of hospital‐based therapeutic hypothermia protocols to improve postresuscitation care. Optimizing cardiac arrest survival requires a team effort between EMS directors, emergency physicians, cardiologists, hospital leadership, and the public. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 590‐595, May 2010)     

Management of heart failure patients in Poland

Over the next 10 years, heart failure is likely to become a medical and sociological problem as a result of improved treatment of ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. At present, in Poland, there are only 50% of the cardiological or cardiac surgery procedures (coronarography, PTCA, CABG, surgery of congenital or acquired heart disease) performed compared to Western Europe. After being registered on the waiting list, it can take anything between 3 and 12 months before the procedure is done. Patients with heart failure have diagnostic tests such as ECG, chest X-ray, and biochemical evaluation performed regardless of the level of care. When echocardiography, exercise testing or Holter monitoring is required, it is done at specialist or reference specialist facilities with a waiting time of approximately 1-3 months. Pharmaceutical treatment of CHF is also inadequate. ACE inhibitors are prescribed in approximately 68% of patients. The average prescribed dosage is far from that recommended in guidelines. Only 18-29% of patients with HF are on beta blockers. The improvement of cardiological care standards depends mainly on the financial resources of State Health System Agencies.     

Italian survey on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal bleeding in children

AIM: To investigate gastrointestinal complications associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAIDs) use in children.METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between January 2005 and January 2013, with the participation of 8 Italian pediatric gastroenterology centers. We collected all the cases of patients who refer to emergency room for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding following NSAIDs consumption, and underwent endoscopic evaluation. Previous medical history, associated risk factors, symptoms and signs at presentation, diagnostic procedures, severity of bleeding and management of gastrointestinal bleeding were collected. In addition, data regarding type of drug used, indication, dose, duration of treatment and prescriber(physician or selfmedication) were examined. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients, including 34 males, were enrolled(median age: 7.8 years). Ibuprofen was the most used NSAID [35/51 patients(68.6%)]. Pain was the most frequent indication for NSAIDs use [29/51 patients(56.9%)]. Seven patients had positive family history of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection or peptic ulcer, and 12 had associated comorbidities. Twenty-four(47%) out of 51 patients used medication inappropriately. Hematemesis was the most frequent symptom(33.3%). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed gastric lesions in 32/51(62%) patients, duodenal lesions in 17(33%) and esophageal lesions in 8(15%). In 10/51(19.6%) patients, a diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis was made. Forty-eight(94%) patients underwent medical therapy, with spontaneous bleeding resolution, while in 3/51(6%) patients, an endoscopic hemostasis was needed.CONCLUSION: The data collected in this study confirms that adverse events with the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract secondary to NSAID use are also common in children     

老年心肌梗死伴消化道出血患者临床特点的研究

目的 分析老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴消化道出血患者的临床特点及预后.方法 325例确诊为AMI的老年患者分为对照组(304例)、AMI后消化道出血组(14例)和消化道出血后AMI组(7例),分析老年AMI伴消化道出血患者的临床特点和1年心血管死亡和因再发心绞痛、非致死性AMI、心力衰竭和脑卒中而住院的复合终点结果.结果 (1)AMI后消化道出血组的估测肾小球滤过率(eGFR)低于对照组,分别为(61.9±27.3)ml·min-·1.73 m-2与(77.3±27.9)ml·min-1·1.73 m2,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),多因素回归分析结果显示,eGFR降低对老年AMI患者发生消化道出血的相对危险为0.980(95％CI为0.960～0.999,P＜0.05);(2)消化道出血后AMI组抗血小板、抗凝治疗的比例和AMI后消化道出血组阿司匹林使用的比例均低于对照组(P均＜0.05),消化道出血后AMI组的血红蛋白低于AMI后消化道出血组,分别为(74±14)g/L与(111±25)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),接受输血治疗的比例高于AMI后消化道出血组,分别为85.7％(6例)与28.6％(4例),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);消化道出血后AMI组介入或溶栓治疗的比例显著低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(3)AMI后消化道出血组的1年心血管死亡和因再发心绞痛、非致死性AMI、心力衰竭和脑卒中而住院的复合终点高于对照组,分别为42.9％(6/14)与17.8％(54/304),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 eGFR降低是老年AMI患者发生消化道出血重要的预测因素.老年AMI患者伴发消化道出血常使抗血小板、抗凝和冠状动脉再通治疗困难,且多预后不良.