高血压病心肌灌注及硝酸甘油介入显像与室性心律失常关系的研究

目的　探讨高血压病心肌显像异常的临床意义及与心律失常的关系。方法　对 88例高血压患者行99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈心肌灌注断层显像 ,对其中 5 7例显像异常者再行硝酸甘油介入心肌显像。所有患者均行Holter检查 ,冠状动脉造影 31例。结果　运动和静息显像后仍有 6 4 8%患者灌注减低 ,6 0 2 %的灌注减低节段硝酸甘油介入显示有填充或不完全填充 ,提示合并冠心病。多因素逐步回归分析表明 ,室性心律失常与心肌灌注减低的程度及左室肥厚 (LVH)呈线性回归关系。结论　心肌灌注断层显像及硝酸甘油介入心肌显像能反映高血压患者是否合并冠心病 ,并与其他高血压性病理改变所致的灌注减低相区别。高血压合并冠心病及LVH是心律失常的重要病理基础。     

阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病的临床诊断价值

目的 评价阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷试验心肌灌注显像对冠心病的临床诊断价值.方法 将研究对象按性别、年龄、冠心病的严重程度[依据冠状动脉(简称冠脉)造影结果]及合并症等进行配对,分为阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷组(研究组)和6 min腺苷负荷组(对照组),每组28例.研究组在注射腺苷前10 min静脉注射阿托品0.5 mg.2组病例分别经肘静脉用注射泵持续注入腺苷,剂量为按体质量0.14 mg·kg-1·min-1,用药时间为4和6 min,于注射腺苷3 min末,分别从肘静脉注入99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)740 MBq.腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像在注射显像剂后1.5 h进行,隔日进行静息心肌灌注显像.结果 (1)研究组和对照组腺苷负荷心肌显像诊断冠心病心肌缺血的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为85%,6/8,82%和86%,5/7,82%,2组比较χ2均＜0.001,P均＞0.05.(2)研究组腺苷负荷试验诊断单支、双支、三支冠脉狭窄病变的灵敏度分别为6/7,8/9和3/4,对照组分别为7/8,7/8和4/5,组间比较χ2均＜0.001,P＞0.05.(3)研究组和对照组不良反应总的发生率分别为82%和89%;2组各不良反应发生率除胸闷(43%和68%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.000,P＜0.05)以外,其余表现2组比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 阿托品-4 min腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像对冠心病心肌缺血有较高的诊断价值,可达到6 min腺苷负荷试验的诊断效能,且胸闷发生率低,更安全简便.     

99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像在2型糖尿病无症状心肌缺血患者中的价值

目的 探讨门控心肌灌注显像应用于2型糖尿病无症状心肌缺血患者中的价值。 方法 以83例经确诊的2型糖尿病并接受了门控负荷心肌灌注显像的患者作为2型糖尿病组, 51名无糖尿病史及明确的心血管病史的受检者作为对照组。17节段法分析两组受检者的负荷及静息心肌灌注显像, 由两位有经验的医师进行视觉分析结合5点评分法评估左心室缺血节段, 对比软件自动评分法计算两组的负荷总积分、静息总积分和积分差值, 并作统计分析。 结果 两组受检者左心室均未出现固定性心肌灌注缺损节段; 血流灌注异常节段的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=24.19, P < 0.05)。2型糖尿病组与对照组的负荷总积分和静息总积分之间的差异都具有统计学意义(t=7.13、3.15, P均 < 0.05);两组的积分差值比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.44, P > 0.05)。对照组的负荷总积分与静息总积分比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.795, P > 0.05);运动负荷后两组受检者左室射血分数的差异有统计学意义(t=-7.65, P < 0.05)。 结论 门控负荷心肌灌注显像在2型糖尿病人群中的恰当利用对评估无症状心肌缺血是有价值的。     

AMI患者直接与择期PTCA术后心肌活性及左室功能的研究

目的　比较直接与择期经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后患者心肌活性及左室功能的影响。方法　采用双探头符合线路SPECT ,分别对 2 4例经直接PTCA治疗 (直接PTCA组 )和 2 2例经择期PTCA治疗 (择期PTCA组 )的AMI患者于PTCA术后 10～ 2 0d进行99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)门控心肌断层显像 ,并在 1周内完成心肌1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)符合线路显像。将MIBI摄取明显减低或无摄取而FDG摄取明显改善的心肌节段判定为存活心肌。结果　直接PTCA组与择期PTCA组的心肌灌注减低节段分别为 16 .2 % (35 2 16个 )和 2 8.3% (5 6 198个 ) ,2组比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =8.8,P <0 .0 1) ;存活心肌节段分别为 77.1% (2 7 35个 )和 5 3.6 % (30 5 6个 ) ,2组比较差异有极显著性 (χ2 =18.4 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;左室射血分数 (LVEF)分别为 (6 5 .4± 9.8) %和 (5 1.2±10 .3) % ,2组比较差异有显著性 (t=2 .5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　直接PTCA能更有效地增加心肌血流灌注 ,并可更多地挽救AMI患者的存活心肌和保护心脏功能。     

201Tl SPECT心肌显像在激光心肌再血管化治疗中的应用

目的　评价2 0 1 TlSPECT心肌显像在激光心肌再血管化 (TMLR)治疗缺血性心脏病中的价值。方法　 19例心肌梗死病人均行TMLR治疗 ,经左第 5肋间 ,前外侧切口 ,显露心脏 ,使用高能量 (80 0W)CO2 心脏激光治疗仪于心脏跳动中作心肌打孔 ,经食管超声监测打孔情况 ,打孔部位在左心室游离壁 ,平均打孔前壁 (8 3± 2 9)个 ,侧壁 (6 9± 2 5 )个 ,下壁 (5 4± 2 0 )个 ,心尖 (5 3± 4 4)个。在TMLR治疗前 ,均行潘生丁负荷试验 (ST) “再分布”(RD) 硝酸甘油 (NTG)介入 再注射 (NTG RI) 2 0 1 TlSPECT心肌显像。潘生丁剂量按体重 0 7mg kg ,4min内慢速静脉推注 ,注射完 2min后 ,静脉注射2 0 1 Tl 111MBq ,10min后行SPECT心肌显像 ,“再分布”显像于 3～ 4h后进行。继而舌下含服硝酸甘油 0 6mg ,静脉再注射2 0 1 Tl37MBq,10min后行第 3次SPECT显像。TMLR治疗后随访 3个月显像17例 ,6个月显像 11例 ,1a显像 5例。结果　 19例病人共有 5 6个心肌灌注异常节段 ,随机选取 45个节段行TMLR治疗。其中术后 18个节段心肌血流灌注有改善 ,治疗有效率为 40 %。术前RD NTG RI2 0 1 TlSPECT心肌显像有显著再分布的 18个节段 ,术后 77 8% (14个 )节段心肌灌注改善。术前2 0 1 TlSPECTRD心肌显像图上有显著再分布的     

门控心肌灌注显像筛选冠心病介入治疗及其疗效的评价

目的探讨腺苷负荷/静息99mTc-MIBI门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)联合硝酸甘油(NTG)介入心肌灌注显像,筛选冠心病患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),并且用腺苷负荷/静息99mTc-MIBI G-MPI评价治疗后的疗效。方法238例疑诊的冠心病患者均行腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI,间隔1～2天后对确诊为心肌梗死的68例患者继续行NTG介入心肌灌注显像,筛选出具有存活心肌的患者进行PCI治疗。治疗后6～12个月复查腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI,比较PCI术前及术后随访期G-MPI的定性与定量分析的结果。结果 68例心肌梗死患者NTG介入显像提示心肌存活患者51例,静息显像的524个异常灌注节段,NTG介入显像发现有242个节段灌注得到改善,改善率为46. 2%(242/524),NTG介入显像所获得的总评分SS低于静息显像SS(14. 62±5. 81 vs 18. 82±6. 37,P 0. 05)。51例心肌存活患者中33例患者行PCI术,术后腺苷负荷/静息G-MPI显示可逆性缺损区节段数、固定性缺损区节段数及负荷静息评分差值SDS均低于术前(204 vs 113,134 vs 92,5. 37±1. 96 vs 2. 49±1. 13,P值均0. 05)。患者PCI术后左室射血分数高于术前(55. 39±11. 71vs 48. 56±10. 27,P 0. 05),术后左室舒张末容积和左室收缩末容积低于术前(97. 98±29. 25 vs 112. 82±30. 38,45. 96±20. 77 vs 55. 64±21. 12,P值均0. 05)。结论负荷/静息G-MPI联合NTG介入显像能提高对心肌梗死患者存活心肌的检出,从而对PCI患者进行更为准确、合理的筛选,同时负荷/静息G-MPI对于术后患者预后及长期随访中也具有一定意义。     

18F-FDG PET显像和超声心动图检测心肌梗死面心肌存活

目的　比较1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像和超声心动图 (UCG)对心肌梗死面存活心肌检查的符合情况。方法　 4 0例心肌梗死患者 ,男 38例 ,女 2例 ,平均年龄 (5 6± 11)岁 ,分别行1 8F FDGPET显像及UCG检查。结果　PET显像检出坏死心肌 2 6 9个节段 ,UCG发现室壁节段运动异常2 15个节段 (检出率 79 9% )。PET显像检测心肌梗死面有无心肌存活与UCG观察室壁运动情况显著相关 (χ2 =4 9 5 3,P <0 0 0 1)。UCG室壁运动轻微异常的节段与PET显像示有部分心肌存活相关 ;而UCG室壁运动消失及矛盾运动的节段 ,与PET显像示心肌无存活相关 (χ2 =4 7 9,P <0 0 0 1)。同时PET显像在UCG室壁矛盾运动节段检出部分节段有心肌存活 (u =3 6 8,P <0 0 1)。结论　常规UCG检查观察心脏室壁运动可以初步筛选梗死累及部位的心肌存活情况 ;对UCG发现大面积室壁运动消失甚至室壁矛盾运动的患者 ,应行心肌PET显像。     

心肌灌注显像腺苷负荷试验致心电图改变分析

目的 评价腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像中患者的心电图变化.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至12月完成腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像的641例患者腺苷药物负荷试验心电图变化和心肌灌注显像结果.统计学分析采用SAS 8.0软件,单因素分析采用t检验和χ2检验,多因素分析采用Logistic 回归分析.结果 腺苷注射前,641例患者中心电图正常436例(68.0%),心电图异常205例(32.0%).腺苷注射过程中新出现心律失常132例(20.6%,132/641),其中房性早搏39例(29.5%),室性早搏45例(34.1%),窦房阻滞8例(6.1%),一度房室传导阻滞7例(5.3%),二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞26例(19.7%),二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞6例(4.5%),三度房室传导阻滞1例(0.8%);需停药13例(9.8%).腺苷注射终止后新出现心律失常28例(4.4%,28/641),其中房性早搏16例(57.1%),室性早搏11例(39.3%),窦房阻滞1例(3.6%).641例患者腺负荷试验中共35例(5.5%)出现心电图ST段压低＞0.1 mV,39例(6.1%)予停药处理,无一例急性心肌梗死及猝死;心肌灌注显像结果:36例心肌缺血改变,8例心肌梗死改变.Logistic回归分析示,用腺苷药前、中、后心律失常并不增加出现心肌缺血及心肌梗死改变的风险[P=0.9613,比值比(OR)=0.982,95%可信区间(CI)0.471～2.046;P=0.9511,OR＜0.001,95%CI:＜0.001,＞999.999;P=0.9931,OR＜0.001,95%CI:＜0.001,＞999.999],并且腺苷注射过程中出现与未出现房室传导阻滞患者的阳性心肌灌注显像结果及ST段压低的发生率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=2.5298,0.5317,P均＞0.05).ST段压低＞0.1 mV的患者出现阳性心肌灌注显像结果的风险增加(P=0.0005,OR=5.608,95%CI2.110～14.905).结论 腺苷负荷试验过程中心电图异常发生率较高,但多为一过性,出现心律失常并不意味着有心肌缺血.     

冠状动脉肌桥患者核素心肌灌注显像研究

目的 探讨用负荷心肌灌注显像检测冠状动脉(简称冠脉)肌桥心肌缺血的临床价值.方法 96例经冠脉造影证实为左前降支肌桥,不合并冠脉粥样硬化病变,且无心肌梗死病史的住院患者,接受运动或药物负荷心肌灌注显像,并进行1年的随访观察.结果 全部96例肌桥患者,收缩期压迫血管的平均狭窄程度为(65±19)%.负荷心肌灌注显像共发现20例心肌缺血,阳性率为20.8%(20/96),明显高于负荷试验心电图(2.1%).对于肌桥压迫血管呈重度狭窄(≥75%)者,负荷心肌灌注显像发现心肌缺血的比例(50%)明显高于轻中度狭窄组(6.3%,χ2=24.758,P＜0.001);静息心电图表现为ST-T改变的肌桥患者,负荷心肌灌注显像的阳性率明显高于心电图正常组(54.2%和9.7%,χ2=21.558,P＜0.001).随诊期间,负荷心肌灌注显像阳性组中,有1例发生心绞痛;而显像阴性组中,无一例发生心脏事件.结论 压迫血管狭窄严重以及静息心电图异常的肌桥患者,负荷心肌灌注显像发现心肌缺血的比例较高.负荷心肌灌注显像对于检测肌桥所致心肌缺血以及预后判断具有一定的临床应用价值.     

腺苷负荷99Tcm—MIBI心肌显像在冠状动脉造影慢血流患者中的应用

目的探讨腺苷负荷99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）心肌显像与冠状动脉（简称冠脉）造影慢血流现象的关系。方法44例患者均经冠脉造影及腺苷负荷99TcmMIBI心肌血流灌注显像,分析比较冠脉造影阳性组（P—CAG）12例,冠脉慢血流组（CSF）22例以及冠脉正常血流组（NCF）10例患者临床资料、腺苷心肌负荷显像改变、冠脉造影结果与腺苷负荷心肌显像的关系。结果采用方差分析、t检验或X^2检验比较。结果3组临床资料（包括年龄、性别和危险因素：高血压史、高脂血症及糖尿病发病率）差异均无统计学意义（年龄：t=0．27,0．54和0．59;性别：矿：0．92;危险因素：X^2=1．23;P均〉0．05）;CSF组冠脉心肌梗死溶栓疗法（TIMI）血流帧数明显多于NCF组（33．7±5．5和17．6±3．9,t=-9．58,P〈0．001）。P—CAG组12例,腺苷负荷心肌显像阳性率100％（12／12）;CSF组22例,阳性率77．3％（17／22）;NCF组10例,2例阳性。半定量靶心图分析示腺苷负荷试验心肌缺血范围（人均缺血节段数）CSF组多于NCF组（1．06±0．77和0．91±0．80,t=-2．02,P〈0．05）,少于P—CAG组（2．41±0．79,t=4．54,P〈0．001）。靶心图记分心肌缺血程度显示CSF组大于NCF组（8．01±6．06和2．73±2．60,t=-2．07,P〈0．05）,小于P—CAG组,但差异无统计学意义（14．07±12．77,t=1．44,P〉0．05）。结论腺苷负荷心肌灌注阳性显像中部分患者伴有冠脉造影慢血流现象,这为有明显胸痛症状但冠脉造影阴性的患者提供了诊断和治疗依据。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.