职业接触环氧丙烷工人DNA和Hb加合物分析

目的 研究长期接触低浓度环氧丙烷（PO）对职业人群的遗传毒性。方法 对PO作业现场进行环境监测的同时，采集接触组和对照组工人的血样，采用^32P后标记法和N-alkyl Edman气质谱法对DNA加合物（1－HP－腺嘌呤）和血红蛋白加合物（HP－缬氨酸）含量进行了检测和分析。结果 PO车间两个岗位作业工人PO时间加权平均浓度（TWA）分别为2.6mg/m^3和6.9mg/m^3；PO接触组工人的DNA加合物水平高于对照组，差异有非常显著性（P＝0．0012）；血红蛋白加合物水平也明显高于对照组，差异有非常显著性（P＝0．0018）；DNA加合物与血红蛋白加合物量呈正相关（r=0.882)；差异有非常显著性（P＜0．01）。结论 长期接触低浓度PO对职业人群具有细胞遗传学毒性。     

职业接触甲醛毒性作用研究现状及展望

甲醛在工业生产中的广泛应用,对职业接触人群的健康造成了严重的威胁。近年来,对甲醛毒性作用及其机制的研究,已成为职业卫生和环境卫生领域关注和研究的热点。就此对职业接触甲醛毒性作用的研究现状及进展进行综述。     

职业接触环氧丙烷工人Hb加合物及其遗传毒性分析

目的 研究长期接触低浓度环氧丙烷工人的遗传效应。方法 采用气相色谱法对环氧丙烷作业现场进行监测的同时,采集工人血样,采用高灵敏的N-alkyl Edman气质谱法对血红蛋白加合物(HP-缬氨酸)含量进行了测定,同时对姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)进行检测。结果 环氧丙烷作业工人时间加权平均浓度(TWA)为2．6mg/m^3和6．9mg／m^3。环氧丙烷接触组工人的HP-缬氨酸水平明显高于对照组,差异有极显著性(P=0．0018)。接触组中的每个细胞SCE数明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P=0．011)。血红蛋白加合物与姐妹染色单体互换的相关系数r为0．762．并且差异有极显著性(P=0．0014)。结论 低浓度环氧丙烷对职业人群具有细胞遗传学毒性。     

职业接触环氧丙烷对微核形成与非程序性DNA合成的诱导作用

环氧丙烷 (PO)是一种无色的挥发性液体 ,是生产聚醚多元醇和聚氨酯泡沫以及羟丙基纤维素和改性淀粉等一系列工业化学品的重要中间体 ,在工业生产中具有极为广泛的应用。目前关于PO的遗传毒性国外已进行了大量的毒理学实验研究 ,但对职业人群的遗传毒性研究很少[1～ 3 ] 。本文采用微核试验 (MN)和非程序性DNA合成试验 (UDS)方法探讨长期接触PO对职业人群的遗传毒性作用。1　对象与方法1 1　研究对象对照组为锦化集团热力公司仪表车间操作工 ,其中男 2 8人 ,女 2 3人 ,合计 51人 ,年龄 2 3～ 38岁 ,平均 (2 8 6± 3 2 )岁 ,工龄 3～ 9…     

职业砷接触工人某些遗传毒性指标的变化

目的探讨职业砷接触工人某些遗传毒性指标的变化。方法选择云南某砒霜厂40人为接触组,当地无明显毒物接触史28人为对照组,检测并评价外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率、微核率、彗星试验拖尾率和尾长,以及尿中总砷、有机砷水平。结果接触组外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率、微核率、彗星试验拖尾率、尾长均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。尿中总砷、有机砷浓度也高于对照组(均低于0.02mg/L)。微核细胞率和微核率随有机砷浓度、工龄乘积增加有升高趋势(rs=0.356,P=0.024;rs=0.347,P=0.028)。结论职业性砷暴露可导致外周血淋巴细胞染色体和DNA损伤。     

过氧化甲乙酮毒性及职业接触限值研究进展

过氧化甲乙酮(MEKP)是世界上应用最为广泛的不饱和聚酯树脂固化剂,职业和非职业接触人数逐年增多,不断出现中毒的个案报道,目前我国尚未制定MEKP职业接触限值.该文就过氧化甲乙酮的毒性以及国外对其职业接触限值的研究情况作一简要综述,为制定过氧化甲乙酮的职业接触限值提供参考.     

环氧丙烷对染色体畸变与姐妹染色单体互换的诱导作用

环氧丙烷是一种无色的具有醚样气味的挥发性液体 ,是生产聚醚多元醇和聚氨酯泡沫以及羟丙基纤维素和改性淀粉等一系列工业化学品的重要中间体 ,也是生产非离子表面活性剂、合成洗涤剂、原油破乳剂、农药乳化剂、润滑油抗氧化剂等各种精细化工产品的主要原料 ,在工业生产中具有极为广泛的应用。目前 ,关于环氧丙烷的遗传毒性国外已进行了大量的毒理学实验研究 ,但对职业人群的遗传毒性研究甚少[1 ,2 ] 。我们旨在通过检测环氧丙烷作业工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率与姐妹染色单体互换率 ,探讨长期接触环氧丙烷对职业人群的遗传毒性作用 ,为…     

事业接触抗癌药的发育毒性作用研究

为了解职业接触抗癌药对胚胎和胎儿发育的影响，选取１１名肿瘤科的女护士，年龄２１～４２岁，接触抗癌药的工龄２～１７年，作为职业接触抗癌药物组，选取３０名无毒物或药物接触史的健康成年人（男１２名，女１８名），年龄２１～３６岁，为对照组，用这些人的血清制备培养基，应用全胚胎培养技术，进行大鼠全胚胎培养，结果表明，用职业接触抗癌药的１１名护士血清培养的胚胎全部存活，但与对照组比较，胚胎生长迟缓，形态学计分     

职业性接触对二氯苯遗传毒性的研究

对二氯苯 (1,4 ｄｉｃｈｌｏｒｏｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ｐａｒａ ｄｉｃｈｌｏｒｏｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ,ＰＤＣＢ)是一种氯代芳香烃类化合物 ,主要用作防蛀剂和除臭剂以及化学工业的中间体[1] 。自从 1987年国际癌症研究机构 (ＩＡＲＣ)根据美国国家毒理学规划署 (ＮＴＰ)的长期动物致癌试验研究结果将ＰＤＣＢ确定为可能的人类致癌物以后 ,国外开始将大量ＰＤＣＢ制品销往我国。随着近年来国内ＰＤＣＢ新建生产装置的投产 ,职业性接触人数不断增加 ,ＰＤＣＢ的职业危害亟待评价。我们对职业性ＰＤＣＢ接触者外周血淋巴细胞微核率 (ＭＮ)和姊妹染色单…     

环氧丙烷对职业接触人群的遗传毒性研究

目的研究长期接触低浓度环氧丙烷（PO）对职业人群的遗传毒性。方法对PO作业现场进行环境监测的同时,采集接触组和对照组工人的血样．对染色体畸变、外周血淋巴细胞微核率、姐妹染色单体交换频率、DNA加合物（1-HP-腺嘌呤）和血红蛋白加合物（HP-缬氨酸）含量进行了检测和分析。结果PO车间两个岗位作业工人PO时间加权平均浓度（TWA）分别为2．6mg／m^3和6．9mg／m^3;PO接触组工人的姐妹染色单体交换频率、DNA加合物、血红蛋白加合物水平高于对照组,差异有非常显著性;染色体畸变、外周血淋巴细胞微核率差异无显著性。结论长期接触低浓度PO对职业人群具有遗传毒性。     

Genotoxicity evaluation in workers occupationally exposed to lead

Lead (Pb) is a widely used heavy metal with a broad industrial usage. Nevertheless, Pb is a serious public health issue as it is one of the most widespread environmental and industrial toxins. The aim of this investigation was to assess the genotoxicity of Pb using the comet assay, micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CA) test. Blood and urinary Pb content, levels of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the erythrocytes (E-ALAD) and δ-aminolevulinic acid in urine (U-ALA) were determined. The exposure associated oxidative stress was also studied. The study group comprised of 90 male Pb recovery unit workers and 90 matched controls. The results indicated that the exposed workers had a significantly higher mean comet tail length than that of controls (P<0.05). Analysis of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells (BEC’s) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) revealed that there was a significant increase in frequency of MN in exposed subjects than controls. The frequency of aberrant metaphases was also found to be significantly elevated in the Pb exposed workers. The levels of antioxidant enzymes were relatively reduced (P>0.05) while the rate of lipid peroxidation was higher in the exposed subjects. Blood and urinary Pb concentrations were found to be higher in exposed workers than in controls. E-ALAD levels were reduced and U-ALA levels were elevated in the exposed subjects in comparison to controls. Results of analysis, taking the confounding factors into consideration provide evidence for the association of Pb exposure and genotoxicity, and predict the increased risk of cancer to the exposed workers. In view of the observed results, it can be strongly concluded that the workers comprise the risk group and adequate safety, precautionary and preventive measures could only minimize exposure and the related health hazards.     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of dimethylformamide(DMF) and investigate dermal contamination and absorption among workers occupationally exposed to DMF. Method 37 workers exposed to DMF were divided randomly into two groups. DMF was washed down by isopropyl alcohol in A group (16 workers) and water in B group(21 workers).Gas chromatography was used for the quantification of dermal contamination and N-methylformamide(NMF) in urine, correlative study was done between them. Results DMF could be detected in all samples in A group, but could not be detected in B group. The miscel-laneous peaks could be completely separated from the DMF peak in the sample spectrum, without matual in-ference. The highest degree of total dermal contamination was observed in wet spinning workshop[(2.84±1.31 ) ing], postprocessing workshop[(2.50±0.95) mg] and dry spinning workshop[( 1.95±0.61) mg] were lower. The respiratory cumulative exposure dosages were 351.3, 201.3 and 135.2 mg respectively. The average DMP concentration in air of the third printing processing workshop, the dry spirning workshop and the wet spinning workshop was 60.2, 89.6, 156.4 mg/m3 respectively, and the respiratory tract contamination in the workers of the three workshops were 135.2, 201.3 and 351.3 mg respectively. There was statistical independence between the quantification of total dermal contamination and NMF in urine (r=0.176,P>0.05). Conclusion Isopropyl alcohol is the effective washing solvent.When the concentration of DMF in workplace air is above the occupa-tional exposure limit, respiratory tract absorption is the principal pathway of DMF absorption,but dermal con-tamination of DMF should not be ignored.     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of dimethylformamide(DMF) and investigate dermal contamination and absorption among workers occupationally exposed to DMF. Method 37 workers exposed to DMF were divided randomly into two groups. DMF was washed down by isopropyl alcohol in A group (16 workers) and water in B group(21 workers).Gas chromatography was used for the quantification of dermal contamination and N-methylformamide(NMF) in urine, correlative study was done between them. Results DMF could be detected in all samples in A group, but could not be detected in B group. The miscel-laneous peaks could be completely separated from the DMF peak in the sample spectrum, without matual in-ference. The highest degree of total dermal contamination was observed in wet spinning workshop[(2.84±1.31 ) ing], postprocessing workshop[(2.50±0.95) mg] and dry spinning workshop[( 1.95±0.61) mg] were lower. The respiratory cumulative exposure dosages were 351.3, 201.3 and 135.2 mg respectively. The average DMP concentration in air of the third printing processing workshop, the dry spirning workshop and the wet spinning workshop was 60.2, 89.6, 156.4 mg/m3 respectively, and the respiratory tract contamination in the workers of the three workshops were 135.2, 201.3 and 351.3 mg respectively. There was statistical independence between the quantification of total dermal contamination and NMF in urine (r=0.176,P>0.05). Conclusion Isopropyl alcohol is the effective washing solvent.When the concentration of DMF in workplace air is above the occupa-tional exposure limit, respiratory tract absorption is the principal pathway of DMF absorption,but dermal con-tamination of DMF should not be ignored.     

Study of some immunological parameters in workers occupationally exposed to benzene

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the immunotoxicity of benzene exposure, to establish the correlation between the exposure biomarkers and some immunological parameters, and to assess the possible influence of confounding factors on the results of immunological assay applicable in routine medical surveillance of benzene-exposed workers. Methods: Forty-nine female workers in the shoemaking industry who were exposed to solvent mixtures and 27 nonexposed controls were examined. Workers were exposed to benzene concentrations of up to 15 ppm, and to toluene of up to 50 ppm. Results: Significant differences in the levels of benzene and toluene in blood and phenols in post-shift urine between the exposed and the control group confirmed solvent exposure. The number of B-lymphocytes (P=0.01) was lower in the shoe workers than in the controls. Significant correlation was found between the level of immunoglobulin G and benzene in the work atmosphere, while confounding factors had no impact on immunological values. Conclusion: According to these results, exposure to benzene concentration lower than 15 ppm can induce depression of the circulating B-lymphocyte level and therefore this fact could be used to develop a promising method for health surveillance of benzene-exposed workers. However, considerably more effort in the research on benzene immunotoxicity, especially in the search for suitable health surveillance methods, is still required. Received: 15 July 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 2000     

职业接触抗癌药遗传毒性损伤的Meta分析

目的评价医务人员职业接触抗癌药是否引起外周血淋巴细胞微核率的增高。方法检索2000—2017年有关职业接触抗癌药与淋巴细胞微核的文献,采用Meta方法并提供接触后遗传毒性效应值。结果共纳入研究文献10篇,其中8篇暴露组的微核率高于对照组,总的Meta估计值SMD为1.18‰[95%CI:0.66‰~1.71‰]。结论医务人员职业接触微量抗癌药可引起有害遗传毒性损伤,外周血淋巴细胞微核率能用于职业接触抗癌药的生物效应监测。     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

目的 建立二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)接触工人皮肤污染量的测定方法,并对DMF接触工人皮肤污染情况进行研究.方法 选择不同岗位的37名DMF接触工人,随机分成异丙醇组(16人)和去离子水组(21人),分别以异丙醇和去离子水为擦拭溶剂,采用气相色谱法测定DMF的皮肤污染量,同时测定工人班末尿中甲基甲酰胺(NMF)含量,并对皮肤污染总量与尿中NMF进行相关分析.结果 异丙醇组均能检测出DMF含量,去离子水组均未检出DMF,样品图谱中其他杂峰与DMF峰能完全分离,无干扰.湿法岗位工人皮肤污染总量最高[(2.844±1.31)mg],后处理岗位[(2.50±0.95)mg]和干法岗位[(1.95±0.61)mg]次之,后处理三版印刷、干法配料和湿法配料岗位工人经呼吸道累积接触剂量分别为351.3、201.3、135.2 mg.3个岗位空气中DMF平均浓度为60.2、89.6、156.4 mg/m3,皮肤DMF污染总量与尿中NMF无明显相关,差异无统计学意义(r=0.176,P>0.05).结论 异丙醇是测定DMF皮肤污染较有效的擦拭溶剂;当工作场所空气中DMF浓度高于职业接触限值时,DMF以呼吸道吸收为丰要途径,但其皮肤吸收也不容忽视.     

甲醛暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞遗传物质损伤水平的研究

目的评价甲醛暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞DNA和染色体损伤水平。方法选择2家密度板厂151名甲醛暴露工人(暴露组)和某推土机厂112名非甲醛暴露工人(对照组)为研究对象,用气相色谱法检测作业环境的甲醛浓度,采用彗星试验和胞质分裂阻滞微核试验,评价其外周血淋巴细胞DNA和染色体损伤水平。结果暴露组工人作业环境中的甲醛8h时间加权平均浓度(0.10～7.88mg/m3)高于对照组(<0.01mg/m3)。高暴露组Olive尾矩为3.95,95%CI为3.53～4.43;低暴露组Olive尾矩为3.03,95%CI为2.49～3.67;对照组Olive尾矩为0.93,95%CI为0.78～1.10,各组间差异均有统计学意义。暴露组彗星尾长为6.78,95%CI为6.05～7.60,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。高暴露组彗星尾长为12.59,95%CI为11.80～13.43;低暴露组彗星尾长为11.25,95%CI为10.12～12.50,差异无统计学意义。高暴露组的微核率为(0.65±0.36)%,低暴露组的微核率为(0.41±0.25)%,对照组的微核率为(0.27±0.13)%,各组间的差异均有统计学意义。各指标均有随暴露水平增加而增高的趋势,按吸烟情况分层后仍有增高的趋势。结论甲醛暴露可导致工人外周血淋巴细胞的DNA和染色体损伤水平增高,并且有随暴露水平增加而增高的趋势。     

Concentration of ethylene oxide in the alveolar air of occupationally exposed workers

Ethylene oxide was tested in environmental air and in the alveolar air of 10 workers employed in a hospital sterilizer unit at hourly intervals during the work shift. Alveolar ethylene oxide concentrations (Ca) were correlated with environmental concentration (Ci) in all the workers studied (r = 0.89-0.99). The ratio between alveolar and environmental concentration (Ca/Ci) given by the slope of the regression line obtained for all the data collected was 0.24. This means that the alveolar retention of ethylene oxide, expressed as 1 - (Ca/Ci), corresponded, on average, to about 75% of the environmental concentration.     

职业性接触抗肿瘤药物甲氨喋呤工人的遗传损伤

目的用3个遗传终点来研究接触甲氨喋呤(MTX)工人的遗传损伤。方法外周血分别来自21名生产MTX工人和21名对照组工人。用微核试验、彗星试验、hprt基因突变试验和TCR基因突变试验对两组人群进行检测。结果工人组平均微核率(MNR)、平均微核细胞率(MCR)分别为10.10‰±0.95‰和8.05‰±0.75‰,明显高于对照组(5.48‰±0.82‰和4.38‰±0.58‰),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。工人组和对照组的平均尾长(MTL)分别为(1.30±0.06)、(0.07±0.01)μm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。但两组平均尾相(MTM)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工人组的hprt和TCR平均突变率分别为1.00‰±0.02‰和(6.87±0.52)×10-4,明显高于对照组[0.86‰±0.01‰和(1.67±0.14)×10-4],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论生产MTX工人某种程度上存在遗传损伤。