心内直视术中射频消融治疗风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动

目的 研究心内直视术中射频消融风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动的疗效.方法 瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术病例15例,年龄32～58(44±8)岁,临床确诊风湿性瓣膜病合并心房颤动,心房颤动史1～7年.其中阵发心房颤动1例,持续性心房颤动14例,二尖瓣病变11例,双瓣病变4例,合并中度三尖瓣关闭不全7例.射频消融时间20～35(25.0±2.2)min.术后随访3～12月.结果 15例病人升主动脉开放后复搏心律均为非心房颤动.2例术后住院期间出现快速型房性心律,经抗心律失常药处理转为窦性;1例出院时为结性心律;术后3个月呈窦性心律12例,6个月呈窦性心律11例.术后无死亡病例,心功能均恢复为1～2级,未见出血及栓塞.结论 术中射频消融治疗风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动安全有效、操作简单、容易掌握,值得临床推广.     

射频消融迷宫术加瓣膜置换术治疗并发房颤的风湿性心脏瓣膜病

介绍心内直视下以射频消融代替切割冷冻施行迷宫术加瓣膜置换术治疗并发房颤的风湿性心脏瓣膜病经验。８例在体外循环心内直视下按照迷宫线路施行射频消融,同时完成瓣膜置换。６例术后即转为窦性心律;２例术后结性及窦性心律交替出现,出院时转为窦性心律。以射频消融代替切割冷冻施行迷宫术治疗房颤安全简便有效     

射频消融迷宫术治疗心房颤动疗效观察

目的 :探讨直视下射频消融迷宫术治疗心房颤动 (房颤 )的效果。方法 :选取 136例风湿性心脏病并发房颤患者 ,在体外循环心内直视下行射频消融迷宫术 ,同时行瓣膜替换术 ;另选取 18例患者 (包括风湿性心脏病并发房颤 13例 ,先天性心脏病并发房颤 5例 )在体外循环心内直视下行单纯右心房射频消融术 ,同时行瓣膜替换及其他心内畸形矫治。结果 :无手术死亡。射频消融迷宫术组有 112例恢复了窦性心律 ,占 82 .4 %;单纯右心房射频消融术组 11例恢复了窦性心律 ,占 6 1.1%。结论 :射频消融迷宫术治疗房颤成功率高 ,方法简单 ,效果满意 ,危险性小。     

心内直视术中射频消融治疗风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动

目的研究心内直视术中射频消融风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动的疗效。方法瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术病例15例,年龄32～58(44±8)岁,临床确诊风湿性瓣膜病合并心房颤动,心房颤动史1～7年。其中阵发心房颤动1例,持续性心房颤动14例,二尖瓣病变11例,双瓣病变4例,合并中度三尖瓣关闭不全7例。射频消融时间20～35(25.0±2.2)min。术后随访3～12月。结果15例病人升主动脉开放后复搏心律均为非心房颤动。2例术后住院期间出现快速型房性心律,经抗心律失常药处理转为窦性;1例出院时为结性心律;术后3个月呈窦性心律12例,6个月呈窦性心律11例。术后无死亡病例,心功能均恢复为1～2级,未见出血及栓塞。结论术中射频消融治疗风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动安全有效、操作简单、容易掌握,值得临床推广。     

风湿性心脏病合并慢性心房颤动瓣膜置换术中射频消融隔离肺静脉的远期疗效观察

选择风湿性心脏病伴慢性心房颤动(简称房颤)者62例,于瓣膜置换术中在心内直视下射频消融左房后壁。共有56例完成3年以上随访,总有效率为83.9%,但动态心电图记录到的23次短阵心房扑动(简称房扑)或房颤发作。结论:心内直视下射频消融隔离肺静脉治疗风湿性心脏病慢性房颤有较高的长期疗效,但消融后阵发性房颤或房扑的发生率较高。     

导管冷冻消融隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动

目的探讨导管冷冻消融隔离肺静脉治疗心房颤动的临床疗效？方法回顾性分析15例进行冷冻消融治疗的心房颤动患者的临床资料．着重分析冷冻消融治疗的术前准备、手术方法、手术结果、术后并发症以及随访结果。结果存Lasso标测电极指导下了．用Arctic Circler冷冻消融导管在肺静脉开口附近进i了冷冻消融,隔离肺静脉直至肺静脉电位消失。13例阵发性心房颤动患者中．10例术中维持窦性心律,3例术中有短阵心房颤动发作,但均能自行终止。2例持续性心房颤动患者,1例于冷冻消融进行中终止心房颤动,1例未能在消融治疗中终止．在消融完成后行体外直流电复律1次,成功转为窦性心律,消融成功率为93．3ck（14／15）。共对15例心房颤动患者的54根肺静脉进行了电隔离,其中36根肺静脉单用环状冷冻导管消融4次～6次即能达到肺静脉的完全电隔离．18根肺静脉用环状冷冻导管消融后,需用普通射频消融导管在环形冷冻线上补点消融后才成功隔离肺静脉。术中、术后均无急性肺静脉狭窄等严重并发症发生。随访6个月～10个月,11例临床症状得到改善,无心房颤动复发,其中4例需服用抗心律失常药维持窦性心律,4例心房颤动复发。消融后即刻选择性肺静脉造影和术后6个月核磁共振扫描检查均未发现肺静脉狭窄。结论导管冷冻消融隔离肺静脉是治疗心房颤动的有效方法。     

微创迷宫术射频消融治疗风湿性心脏病心房颤动的临床研究

探讨直视下微创迷宫术射频消融左房后壁治疗风湿性心脏病心房颤动 (简称房颤 )的可行性及临床疗效。选择风湿性心瓣膜病伴房颤患者 1 6例 ,阵发性房颤 1例、持续性房颤 1 5例 ,房颤时间 1～ 1 0年 ,在瓣膜置换术中行直视下微创迷宫术射频消融左房后壁 ,即运用射频探针做围绕 4个肺静脉口的环形线性消融及连接消融环最低点与二尖瓣环的直线消融 ,输出功率 30～ 40W ,每次放电时间 45～ 60s ;同时应用胺碘酮辅助治疗 ;随访 6～ 1 2个月。结果显示 :1例手术失败 ,术后早期房颤复发 ;2例出院后房颤复发 ;1 5例持续性房颤患者中有 1 2例能够维持窦性心律 ,成功率 80 %。结论 :微创迷宫术射频消融左房后壁治疗风湿性心脏病房颤有较高的疗效 ,且方法简单 ,并发症少 ;同时应用胺碘酮能逆转心房电重构 ,减少房颤复发     

心内直视下射频消融左心房后壁治疗风湿性心脏病慢性心房颤动的临床研究

目的 　 探讨心瓣膜置换手术过程中心内直视下射频消融左心房后壁治疗风湿性心脏病(风心病 )慢性心房颤动 (房颤 )的可行性及临床疗效。　方法　选择风心病伴慢性房颤患者 38例 ,房颤持续时间 (2 91± 6 4 2 )年 ,于瓣膜置换术中在心内直视下射频消融左心房后壁 ,即运用自制射频消融探针做围绕 4个肺静脉口的环形消融线及连接消融环最低点与二尖瓣环的消融线 ,输出功率 30～ 4 0W ,每次放电时间 4 5～ 6 0s;同时应用胺碘酮 3个月辅助治疗。　结果　消融时间为 (10± 4 )min ,无相关并发症。术后心脏复跳时 35例 (92 1% )为窦性心律 ,3例为房颤 ,其中 2例于 2 4h内转为窦性心律 ,另 1例随访至今仍为房颤 ;住院期间有 2例房颤复发 ,出院后 1个月左右又有 3例房颤复发 ,其余 32例按计划服用胺碘酮满 3个月后停药 ,随访 6～ 2 2 (13± 6 )个月无房颤复发。总成功率 84 2 %(32 / 38)。　结论　心内直视下射频消融左心房后壁治疗风心病慢性房颤有较高的疗效 ,且方法简单 ,并发症少 ;术后应用胺碘酮能辅助逆转心房电重构 ,减少房颤复发。     

三维标测系统指导心房颤动导管消融的临床研究

目的 探讨三维标测系统指导下导管射频消融治疗心房颤动的有效性与安全性.方法 回顾性分析39例在三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉线性消融术的心房颤动患者(其中阵发性心房颤动33例和持续性心房颤动6例)的临床资料,着重分析术前准备、标测及消融方法 、手术结果 、术后治疗和随访.结果 消融终点为Lagso标测的所有肺静脉均达到完全电学隔离,若消融结束后心房颤动仍未终止,即行同步直流电复律恢复窦性心律.39例患者共完成78条环形消融线,肺静脉完全电学隔离率为93.6%(73/78).手术操作时间为(245±56)min、X线曝光时间为(46±15)min.术后随访6个月～12个月,33例临床症状得到改善,无心房颤动复发,6例需服用抗心律失常药维持窦性心律,其中3例心房颤动复发患者接受再次导管消融后无发作.射频消融术后总成功率为84.6%(33/39).结论 三维标测系统指导下导管射频消融治疗心房颤动是安全和有效的治疗方法.     

瓣膜置换术中双极射频消融治疗风湿性心脏病合并心房颤动

目的 探讨风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动（AF）患者同期行瓣膜替换术及双极射频消融迷宫术的近期手术效果.方法 选取风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并心房颤动患者18例（消融组）,同期行瓣膜替换术及双极射频消融迷宫术治疗心房颤动.18例配对仅行心脏瓣膜替换术而未行双极射频消融迷宫术的患者作为对照组.患者年龄36～65岁,平均53.5岁,房颤持续时间1～10年,平均5年,左心房内径为44～67 mm.比较两组患者的手术治疗结果.结果 消融组18例患者术后窦性心律16例,房颤心律1例,结性心律1例;随访8个月,15例维持窦性心律,3例阵发性房颤心律.对照组13例术中心脏复跳后即为房颤心律,5例心脏复跳后为窦性心律,术后24 h内均转为房颤心律,应用胺碘酮不能持续恢复窦性心律.两组术后左房内径均较术前显著降低（P＜0.01）,消融组术后左房内径小于对照组[（33.06±2.88）mm比（36.16±2.43）mm,P＜0.05].结论 风湿性心脏瓣膜病合并慢性心房颤动患者在行瓣膜替换术的同时行附加的双极射频消融手术疗效良好,安全简便.     

直视下左心房后壁射频消融微创迷宫术治疗风湿性心脏病心房颤动的临床对照研究

目的 通过对照观察探讨心脏瓣膜置换手术(换瓣术)过程中直视下微创迷宫术法射频消融左心房后壁治疗风湿性心脏病(风心病)慢性心房颤动(房颤)的可行性及疗效.方法 128例行心脏瓣膜置换术的风心病伴慢性房颤患者中,76例在换瓣术中直视下以微创迷宫术法射频消融左心房后壁,设计两条迷宫线路:一条为围绕4个肺静脉口外侧的环形线,另一条为连接左下肺静脉口下缘与二尖瓣后叶根部的最短直线.术中分次节段性消融,输出功率30～40W,放电时间45～60 S;术前3 d静脉应用胺碘酮,术后口服3个月停药;随访24个月.其余52例拒绝行射频消融微创迷宫术的风心病患者设为对照组,其换瓣术、胺碘酮应用及术后随访同射频消融微创迷宫术组(消融组).结果 随访24个月,消融组成功率81.58%(62/76),对照组成功率44.23%(23/52),P＜0.001,差异有统计学意义.结论 换瓣术中采用直视下在左心房后壁行射频消融微创迷宫术法能显著提高术后维持窦性心律的成功率,比传统的药物治疗疗效好,且方法简单,并发症少.胺碘酮有助于逆转心房电重构,减少房颤复发.     

风湿性心脏病慢性心房颤动左侧迷宫术的电生理观察

目的探讨风湿性心脏病慢性心房颤动（房颤）心外膜标测图形特征及左侧迷宫和左房隔离术消除房颤近期及远期效果。方法１７例风湿性心脏病慢性房颤患者有明确房颤病史平均２．０±２．３年,均有二尖瓣疾患合并主动脉或三尖瓣疾患需手术治疗。根据不同术式分为：（１）左侧迷宫组５例;（２）左房隔离组９例;（３）左房冷冻或左心耳结扎组３例。采用左房右房１６导联同步心外膜标测。结果（１）心外膜标测左房异常电图分析：左房后壁中部为慢性传导区,发生率２３．５％,双峰电位发生率以左房后壁最高３９．３７％,依次为左房上部２５．６％,左房下部９％,左心耳５．６％。碎裂电位发生率以左房后壁中部最高１７．４％,依次为左房上部１０．６６％,左心耳２．５％,左房下部０．８％。（２）左侧迷宫术后心外膜标测,３例双房均示窦性心律,２例双房均示心房扑动,无房颤。随访６周以上者均为窦性心律。（３）左房隔离术后３个月窦性心律达２２％（２／９）,随访半年以上窦性心律达５例（５／８）,随访２年以上者窦性心律达４例（４／８）。结论本研究提示风湿性心脏病慢性房颤左房后壁中部存在缓慢传导区,单纯作左侧迷宫术近期随访和左房隔离术远期随访的成功率分别为８０％和５０％。     

Factors related to sinus rhythm at discharge after radiofrequency ablation of permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery

Late recovery of sinus rhythm is unusual in patients with permanent AF treated by (radiofrequency) RF maze procedure during mitral valve surgery. Identification of clinical and instrumental preoperative factors predictive of early success of RF ablation in patients with permanent AF undergoing mitral valve surgery may improve selection of subjects to obtain long-term results. Hundred and thirty consecutive patients with permanent AF and mitral valve disease underwent modified RF maze procedure during concomitant mitral valve surgery. Rheumatic valve disease (61 pts) and mitral valve prolapse (41 pts) were the more common aetiology of valve abnormalities. Mitral valve replacement was performed in 54 % of patients and mitral valve repair in the remaining 46 %. Four patients died after surgery. At discharge, 87 patients (69 %) were in sinus rhythm (group 1) and 43 patients in AF persisted (group 2). At an average 24-month follow-up, sinus rhythm was present in 67 % of patients, and 33 % were in atrial fibrillation. In this period, late recovery of sinus rhythm was observed only in five patients, while eight discharged in sinus rhythm developed again atrial fibrillation. Among preoperative parameters at univariate analysis female sex, atrial fibrillation >24 months, left atrial diameter >54 mm, left atrial area >24 cm², rheumatic valve disease and NYHA class were associated with persistence of AF. At Cox regression multivariate analysis, increased left atrial area (OR 1.07 per unit increase—95 % CI 1.01–1.131) and rheumatic aetiology of valve disease (OR 4.52, 95 % CI 1.65–12.4) were associated with persistence of AF at hospital discharge. Persistence of AF after RF ablation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery is related to aetiology, e.g. rheumatic valve disease, and to increasing left atrial diameter. Due to low rate of late recovery of sinus rhythm, indication to RF ablation associated with MV surgery should be carefully considered in patients with large atria and rheumatic mitral valve disease.     

换瓣同期行心内微波消融治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变伴心房颤动——近中期疗效分析

目的:探讨风湿性二尖瓣病变伴心房颤动(房颤)病例换瓣同期行心内微波消融术的近、中期疗效及可行性。方法:回顾性分析58例换瓣同期行心内微波消融术的风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤病例,患者平均年龄(49±12)岁;临床均确诊为风湿性二尖瓣疾病合并房颤,房颤病史平均(4.2±2.9)年。所有患者随访时间为术后3个月,6个月及12个月。结果:58例心脏手术复跳后均为窦性心律(100%),微波消融时间平均(15±5.2)min。围手术期因重度低心排出量综合征和呼吸衰竭死亡各1例。出院时51例患者为窦性心律,近期转复率为91.1%。术后6个月,2例复发转为房颤,49例为窦性心律(87.5%),术后12个月49例仍为窦性心率,总有效率87.5%。术后无血栓形成及神经系统并发症。结论:在风湿性二尖瓣病变伴房颤的病例换瓣同期行心内微波消融治疗是一种安全、有效的方法,且操作较“迷宫手术”和射频消融简单,手术时间短,易于推广。     

Amyloid deposition as a cause of atrial remodelling in persistent valvular atrial fibrillation.

AIM: The spectrum of histological alterations, namely atrial amyloidosis, in the right and left atria of patients with chronic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease is not completely known. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-eight atrial appendages (66 left and 62 right), obtained from 72 patients with rheumatic valve disease and chronic AF undergoing cardiac surgery for valve replacement or repair and AF treatment were histologically evaluated for the presence of amyloid deposits. One hundred and four specimens of left and right auricles from 52 patients in sinus rhythm with severe chronic heart failure undergoing heart transplant were also analyzed (controls). Amyloid was found in 33 (46%) valvular patients with chronic persistent AF and in 6 (12%) controls. Amyloid was related to the presence and duration of AF, was more frequently found in left atrial samples and was independent of age. On stepwise logistic regression analysis, AF duration and female gender were independently related to amyloid deposition. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with long-standing AF and rheumatic heart disease have a very high prevalence of atrial amyloidosis. Amyloid deposition is more frequent in left than in right atrial appendage and correlates with AF duration and female gender. Amyloid deposition could constitute an additional histological feature in the structural remodeling of atria during long-standing AF, at least in rheumatic valve disease. Persistence of AF might play a pivotal role in promoting amyloid deposition.     

胸腔镜辅助下的肺静脉微创隔离消融术治疗心房颤动

目的 介绍20例微创外科手术治疗心房(房颤)的经验,探讨微创外科治疗房颤的可行性及安全性,促进心脏外科在房颤治疗领域新技术的引进及开展. 方法 自2006年12月至2007年4月,对20例房颤患者施行了胸腔镜辅助下非体外心表双侧肺静脉隔离术.病例包括抗心律失常药物治疗无效或不能耐受药物及导管消融术后复发的患者.手术切口包括每侧胸壁各2个1 cm腔镜及器械入口,1个5 cm手术操作切口.主要步骤为肺静脉射频消融隔离及左心耳切除.手术中使用了WOLF分离器和ATRICURE双极射频消融夹,EZ45G软组织切割缝合器. 结果 手术过程顺利.手术时间(130±25)min,平均术中失血量50 ml.无手术死亡.平均住院天数(8.0±3.8)d.术后随访至6个月,无死亡及脑卒中发生.术后随访窦性心律转复率:满3个月随访12例,其中10例为窦性心律(83.3%);满6个月随访3例,均为窦性心律. 结论 手术病例证明了微创外科手术治疗房颤的可行性、安全性及有效性.同介入式及外科正中切口房颤治疗方法相比,该术式具有经济、简单、创伤小及肺静脉隔离确切等特点,是一项创伤小、有发展潜力的房颤治疗新技术.     

Effect of mitral valve repair/replacement surgery on atrial arrhythmia behavior

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: Few data have been published on the effects of mitral valve surgery on atrial rhythm. The study aims were to determine the effects of surgery on: (i) persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF); (ii) measures of left atrial and ventricular dimensions; and (iii) ECG P-wave duration. METHODS: A retrospective case-note review of 92 patients with chronic mitral regurgitation was undertaken. Variables determined included prevalence and duration of AF; incidence of new-onset or persistence of AF after surgery; rhythm changes in relation to age, gender, left atrial and ventricular dimensions and function, anti-arrhythmic drug usage and ECG P-wave duration in sinus rhythm prior to surgery. RESULTS: Only 4/47 (8.5%) patients with any history of AF before surgery were in sinus rhythm at six months after surgery. All 28 patients with persistent AF for >12 months and 41/45 (91%) in sinus rhythm before surgery retained these rhythms after surgery. The left atrial dimension was decreased after surgery, in the whole group (51.3 +/- 9.0 versus 48.4 +/- 9.5 mm; p = 0.011) and in the subgroup in sinus rhythm, but not in the subgroup in AF. The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased in the group as a whole (60.6 +/- 6.2 versus 53.0 +/- 8.7 mm; p = 0.0001) and in both subgroups after surgery. In 24 patients with 12- lead ECGs in sinus rhythm before and three months after surgery, P-wave duration remained unchanged. However, this measure decreased in the 18 patients in sinus rhythm consistently, but increased in the six patients continuing to have paroxysmal AF after surgery. CONCLUSION: Mitral valve surgery alone restored sinus rhythm in only 8.5% of patients with any previous history of AF. Concomitant anti-arrhythmic procedures should be considered for all patients with AF who undergo mitral valve surgery.     

Pulmonary vein antrum isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular heart disease or prior open heart surgery.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antrum isolation in patients with moderate valvular heart disease or open-heart surgery and atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Valvular heart disease and open-heart surgery are commonly associated with AF and increase the risk of adverse events in AF patients. METHODS: A total of 391 consecutive patients who had pulmonary vein antrum isolation performed between December 2000 and December 2002 were screened. A total of 142 of these patients had clinically significant valvular disease or prior cardiac surgery. End points included AF recurrence and pulmonary vein antrum isolation complication rates. RESULTS: Patients with valvular heart disease or prior open-heart surgery were older, had larger left atria and a more advanced New York Heart Association class. They did not differ significantly with respect to gender, but had a longer history of AF. Procedure times were similar between patients with and without valvular heart disease or prior open-heart surgery. After 18 +/- 7 months in the lone AF patients, 11 +/- 5 months in patients with valvular heart disease, and 10 +/- 5 months in patients with prior open heart surgery, there was a trend toward lower recurrence of AF in patients with lone AF who enjoyed a 98% overall cure rate after up to 2 pulmonary vein antrum isolations versus 93% among patients with valvular heart disease (P = .04) and prior open heart surgery (P = .07). Complication rates were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary vein antrum isolation is safe and effective in patients with moderate valvular heart disease and the patients who developed AF after open-heart surgery. These results have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of AF in patients with moderate valvular heart disease or past cardiac surgery and should be considered when discussing treatment options in these patients.     

二尖瓣替换术后房颤转复为窦性心律的临床分析

在风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变中，慢性心房纤颤（简称房颤）是一种常见的并发症。房颤会给病人带来许多问题，如左房血栓形成、体循环栓塞、心房扩大和心输出量减少等并发症，从而增加了死亡率，影响了生活质量的提高。因此，人们一直采用各种方法使之转复为窦性心律。风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术同时给予电除颤，可使部分病人恢复窦性心律。本组对89例患风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术后房颤转复情况进行了回顾性研究，根据手术后病人出院时的心律情况将病人分为两组，A组为出院时仍为房颤者，B组为出院时为窦性心律者。分析结果表明，风湿性心脏病二尖瓣替换术后，解除了机械梗阻，部分术前伴有房颤的病人术后可以转复为窦性心律，但能维持至1个月以上者较少，仅占手术病人的15．7％。病人手术时的年龄、房颤病史长短及左房径对房颤转复情况有显著影响，且可以预见其短期效果，根据本组病例分析的结果表明，年龄小于40岁、房颤病史不超过一年、左房径小于55mm的病人，窦性心律可维持在1个月以上。