Efficacy of azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for treatment of ocular surface disease from posterior blepharitis

Background: Posterior blepharitis is an eyelid disease primarily of the meibomian glands. Bacteria and chronic inflammation are contributing factors for meibomian gland disease, which leads to ocular surface and tear film alterations and chronic patient symptoms. Azithromycin 1.0% ophthalmic solution is a broad spectrum topical antibiotic with anti‐inflammatory properties. The present study evaluates the efficacy of azithromycin 1.0% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of the clinical signs and symptoms, including vision‐related function, associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. Methods: In an open label study, 33 patients with meibomian gland dysfunction were treated with azithromycin 1.0% ophthalmic solution twice a day for two days, then every evening for a total of 30 days. Tear break‐up time, corneal staining, conjunctival staining, Schirmer scores with anaesthetic, meibomian gland score and patient's symptom scores were evaluated at baseline and after 30 days of treatment. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was administered at baseline, after two weeks of treatment and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Twenty‐six of 33 patients completed the study. Tear break‐up time and Schirmer score increased by 52.7 per cent (p < 0.0001) and 24 per cent (p < 0.05), respectively. There was a reduction in corneal and conjunctival staining by 83.2 and 67.9 per cent, respectively (p < 0.0001). Lid margin scores were reduced by 33.9 per cent (p < 0.0001). The patient's symptom score improved from 2.73 at baseline to 2.21 after 30 days of treatment (p < 0.01). The mean OSDI at baseline was 34.44. After two weeks and 30 days of treatment, the ODSI was 14.51 and 13.15 respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These results demonstrate clinically and statistically significant improvement in the signs and symptoms associated with posterior blepharitis. Based on these results, azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution offers a viable option for the treatment of posterior blepharitis.     

单纯使用次氯酸眼部清洁湿巾对睑缘炎的短期临床疗效

目的：评价单纯使用次氯酸眼部清洁湿巾清洁睑缘1wk后对睑缘炎的治疗效果。

方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2020-03/08就诊于我院眼科门诊的睑缘炎患者48例48眼,根据临床诊断进行分组,其中葡萄球菌性睑缘炎组患者16例,脂溢性睑缘炎组患者22例,睑板腺功能障碍性睑缘炎组患者10例。单纯给予次氯酸眼部清洁湿巾清洁睑缘1wk,收集治疗前后眼表及睑板腺相关参数。

结果： 与治疗前相比,治疗1wk后本研究纳入患者整体眼表疾病指数评分(OSDI)、结膜充血程度及睑缘充血程度评分均显著下降(P<0.001),其中三组患者OSDI评分均显著下降,脂溢性睑缘炎组患者泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)显著增加,结膜充血程度显著降低,且葡萄球菌性睑缘炎组和脂溢性睑缘炎组患者睑缘充血程度评分均显著下降(P<0.05)。

结论：单纯使用次氯酸眼部清洁湿巾清洁睑缘1wk对不同类型睑缘炎有较好疗效,可改善睑缘炎眼部症状,降低葡萄球菌性睑缘炎及脂溢性睑缘炎睑缘充血,改善脂溢性睑缘炎结膜充血程度,提高泪膜稳定性。     

抗生素治疗睑板腺功能障碍的研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction, MGD)是一种以睑板腺终末导管阻塞和(或)睑酯分泌的质或量异常为主要特征的慢性、弥漫性睑板腺病变,是引起蒸发过强型干眼的主要原因,也是十分常见的眼表疾病。MGD可引起眼表睑酯异常和细菌增殖,进而引起相关眼表体征和症状。临床上,常采用局部物理、药物和全身药物等方式治疗MGD。抗生素作为一种有效的杀菌药物,通过局部或全身使用抗生素,可以抑制眼表细菌增殖,调节眼表睑酯异常和菌群微环境,进而缓解与改善MGD的体征与症状。目前,不同种类抗生素治疗MGD的有效性已经得到证实,本文从局部或全身使用抗生素的角度出发,对各类抗生素治疗MGD的机制、方式方法和疗效等方面进行综述,为临床治疗MGD提供新的治疗参考。     

睑缘炎相关角膜病变特点及其睑板腺功能的临床观察

目的 观察睑缘炎相关角膜病变的临床特点,探讨其与睑缘炎和睑板腺功能的关系。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2012年1~10月北京同仁眼科中心睑缘炎患者84例（168眼）。方法 裂隙灯下观察睑缘炎类型、睑板腺分泌物性状及脂质排出难易度、角膜病变临床表现及病变范围,并进行评分。分析角膜病变特点及病变范围与睑缘炎类型及睑板腺功能的关系。主要指标 睑缘炎类型、睑板腺分泌物性状、脂质排出难易度和角膜病变范围。结果 84例（168眼）睑缘炎患者平均病程（22.25±40.46）个月。其中前部睑缘炎1例（2眼）,后部睑缘炎42（84眼）例,混合型睑缘炎41例（82眼）。其中65例（104眼）出现角膜病变。角膜周边或中周部上皮下或浅基质浸润44例（73眼,70.2%）,角膜周边或中周部溃疡10例（15眼,18.3%）,角膜云翳或瘢翳5例（8眼,7.7%）,角膜点片状上皮混浊、糜烂3例（4眼,3.8%）。17眼（10.1%）角膜病变范围超过1/2角膜,10眼（6%）到达角膜中央,其中1例角膜中央融解、变薄。与后睑缘炎相比,混合型睑缘炎角膜浸润和溃疡更多见（P=0.003）;与无角膜病变者相比,有角膜病变者的睑板腺分泌难易程度和睑脂性状评分均较高（t=-4.606和13.418,P=0.033和0.000）。结论 睑缘炎相关角膜病变临床表现多样。混合型睑缘炎更容易发生角膜浸润和角膜溃疡。睑缘炎患者是否合并角膜病变与睑板腺功能密切相关。     

The lipid layer of tears: dependent on meibomian gland function

There is growing laboratory and clinical evidence implicating the meibomian glands of the eyelid as playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of various ocular surface disorders such as chronic blepharitis and dry eye. Meibomian glands produce a lipid material whose synthesis is dependent on factors such as stem cells, neurological stimulants and hormones. This lipid material is fluid, spreads easily, is a surfactant as well as an aqueous barrier, and must remain functional after a blink. Before delivery it can be modified by factors such as hormone abnormalities and even after delivery it may be modified by lipases produced by ocular bacteria.     

睑缘炎的临床研究

目的:讨论睑缘炎的临床表现、分型、诊断、发病机制、并发症以及治疗。方法:本研究包括在眼科门诊通过裂隙灯检查确诊为睑缘炎的患者300例,针对每位患者完成一份调查问卷,在了解患者患病原因的基础上给予治疗。通过随访评价患者的治疗效果和并发症。结果:本研究中,脂溢性睑缘炎多表现为鳞屑样病变(62.5%),但感染型或混合型睑缘炎多表现为溃疡样病变(P<0.001)。此外,脂溢性睑缘炎的病程多为慢性,而感染型病程多为急性(P<0.001)。由不同类型睑缘炎而引起麦粒肿、霰粒肿、上皮型角膜炎、结膜炎及干眼症等并发症的几率不同(P<0.05)。其中,干眼症和上皮型角膜炎的临床病程多为慢性病程(P<0.05)。一些潜在的全身疾病如脂溢性皮炎、特异性皮炎、糖尿病、过敏、红斑痤疮等与睑缘炎的发生之间有密切的关系。结论:睑缘炎是眼科的常见疾病,需要注意预防该病的并发症。     

Intraductal meibomian gland probing and its efficacy in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of dry eye, affecting millions worldwide. Intraductal meibomian gland probing (MGP) aims to open obstructed meibomian glands using a small probe to promote meibum secretion. MGP has received increasing interest since 2010, and we critically evaluated the literature on the efficacy and safety of MGP. Despite positive results of MGP on dry eye symptoms in early single-group studies, MGP was not shown to consistently outperform controls in later controlled trials. Furthermore, MGP alone did not show improvement beyond placebo in the only placebo-controlled RCT conducted. Overall, the procedure appears safe. Self-limited intraoperative bleeding was frequent, but no major complications were reported. In conclusion, MGP has not yet been shown to be an effective treatment for MGD. Larger placebo-controlled trials need to be conducted to establish the potential effect of this novel treatment modality.     

蠕形螨相关性眼表疾病及其诊治

眼部蠕形螨感染主要表现为眼表疾病,具体包括睑板腺功能障碍、干眼症、蠕形螨性睑缘炎、霰粒肿、角结膜炎等。其诊断相对简单,在显微镜下就可以实现诊断; 但是由于疾病症状相似、检查遗漏、经验诊疗等主客观因素,该病易被误诊。眼部蠕形螨感染的治疗手段丰富,包括外用茶树油等植物提取物、口服或外用药物、物理疗法(以强脉冲光疗法、艾灸疗法为代表)、联合治疗等。本文就蠕形螨相关性眼表疾病及相应诊断、治疗作一综述,以探讨该病最新研究动态。     

热敷按摩改善睑板腺功能障碍患者的白内障术后疗效

目的：评价白内障术前进行眼睑热敷联合睑板腺按摩对白内障合并轻中度睑板腺功能障碍（MGD） 患者白内障术后临床效果的改善。方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集2019年9月至2020年6月于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区就诊的50～85岁轻中度MGD合并白内障的患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,实验组先接受3次眼睑热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗再行白内障手术,对照组直接行白内障手术。分别记录MGD治疗前、治疗后以及白内障术后1周、1个月、3个月时的泪液分泌试验（SⅠT）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、角结膜染色评分、睑板腺功能评分;眼表综合分析仪（keratograph 5M）检查并记录非侵入性泪河高度（NITMH）、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（NITBUT）和睑板腺缺失范围（MGL）;采用眼表疾病指数（OSDI）问卷得分进行评估。使用广义估算方程（GEE）、广义线性混合模型（GLMM）、独立样本t检验及Mann-Whitney U检验进行数据分析。结果：共纳入77例（77眼）, 最终纳入分析68例（68眼）,每组34例。实验组在MGD治疗后,睑缘形态、睑板腺排出能力、SⅠT、 TBUT及OSDI评分较MGD治疗前明显好转（P<0.05）;角膜点染在白内障术后1周时较治疗前增加 （P=0.002）,至术后1个月时恢复至治疗前水平。组间比较发现,实验组睑脂质量变化量在白内障术后各时间点均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;白内障术后1周时,实验组睑缘形态的变化量小于对照组, 术后1个月时,NITMH变化量小于对照组,而OSDI评分变化量大于对照组（P<0.05）,实验组症状及体征更轻;对照组在白内障术后1周时,睑缘形态及SⅠT明显变差,至术后1个月时恢复至术前水平; 睑脂质量在术后1周时变差,NITMH在术后1个月时减少,二者至术后3个月时恢复至术前水平。结论： 白内障术前采用眼睑热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗MGD,可改善术后睑板腺功能状态,缓解干眼症状。     

Intravitreally injected ranibizumab versus photodynamic therapy for CNV secondary to choroidal osteoma: a 7-year follow-up case report

Meibomian gland, the largest sebaceous gland of the body, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid layer of the tear film to prevent excessive evaporation. The loss of normal functions of meibomian gland, known as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is a chronic disease and is the leading cause of dry eye symptoms in the clinics. Studies have found sex hormones, especially androgen, play vital roles in the regulation of the functions of meibomian gland. Recently, androgen has also been preliminarily applied in clinics for the treatment of MGD and showed promising results, especially in people with endogenous androgen deficiency. This review summarized the mechanisms of the function of androgen on meibomian gland based on molecular, animal, and clinical studies, and propose evidence-based views about its potential applications for the treatment of MGD.     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍

目的:比较强脉冲光(IPL)联合睑板腺按摩和单纯睑板腺按摩对睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)的短期疗效差异。方法:选取2019-10/2020-01在四川大学华西医院眼科就诊的MGD患者共40例80眼,随机分为试验组和对照组,两组均接受3次治疗,每次治疗中试验组双眼接受IPL联合睑板腺按摩,对照组双眼接受单纯睑板腺按摩,治疗时间间隔为2wk,整个试验期间两组均双眼应用玻璃酸钠每天4次,在每次治疗之前及最后一次治疗2wk后进行指标评估,从而评估IPL联合睑板腺按摩的短期疗效。结果:治疗后两组OSDI、SPEED评分均降低(P<0.05),两组间无差异(P>0.05)。两组睑板腺功能评估(MGE)、泪膜脂质层厚度(LLT)均升高,对照组升高较试验组慢,且第二、三次治疗后试验组MGE高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组泪膜破裂时间(BUT)均升高。两组角膜染色均下降,对照组下降较试验组慢,但两组间无差异(P>0.05)。两组视觉质量持续改善,但对照组改善较试验组慢,两组间无差异(P>0.05)。两组泪液分泌、不完全眨眼比例、睑板腺缺失率无明显变化(P>0.05)。所有受试者未出现皮肤、视力损害、眼压改变、眼前节炎症等并发症。结论:IPL联合睑板腺按摩与单纯睑板腺按摩对MGD均安全有效。IPL见效更快,效果可能有累积效应,在达到一定治疗次数后疗效更好。     

睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的诊疗进展

近年来随着电子产品终端使用频率的增加,干眼的发病率也逐年攀升,严重影响人们的工作与生活。干眼是最常见的眼表疾病,通常由多种因素引起,其中睑板腺功能障碍是引起干眼的主要因素之一。睑板腺分泌异常或导管阻塞均会引起蒸发过强型干眼的发生。本综述通过总结相关文献,对睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的病因、病理、诊断、相关治疗进行阐述。     

Effects of dietary high dose DHA omega-3 supplement in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary supplement of high dose DHA omega-3 in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: Prospective randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in mild to moderate dry eye patients with MGD. Patients have no history of taking any dietary omega-3 supplements before 3mo. Patients were divided into two groups: 24 patients in the omega-3 group and 26 patients in the placebo group. The omega-3 group received two capsules of Easyeye Dry®, total containing 600 mg of EPA and 1640 mg of DHA, while the placebo group received two capsules containing 3000 mg of olive oil. All patients take two pills once a day. The examination of MGD scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining test (NEI), strip meniscometry (SM tube), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were performed at baseline, after 4 and 8wk. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, such as age, sex, and other ocular examination findings. The TBUT, NEI, and OSDI scores significantly improved after 4 and 8wk in both groups. While after 8wk TBUT (6.00±1.62s vs 5.08±1.28s, P=0.034) and MGD score (7.2±1.8 vs 8.1±2.6, P=0.033) in the omega-3 group was more significantly improved than that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Dry eye with the MGD patient, a high dose of DHA omega-3 dietary supplement can improve TBUT and MGD score after 8wk, effective in stabilizing the tear film.     

Clinical efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine nano-emulsion in the treatment of dry eye syndrome associated with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical 0.05% cyclosporine nano-emulsion in the treatment of dry eye syndrome (DES) with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: This prospective study included 64 patients with DES and MGD who were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 (n=24, conventional cyclosporine), Group 2 (n=21, nano-emulsion cyclosporine), and Group 3 (n=19, control). Lid margin telangiectasia (LMT), meibomian gland secretion (MGS), conjunctival injection (CI), corneal staining (CS), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test I (STI), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and lipid layer thickness (LLT) was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12wk of treatment. RESULTS: In Group 3 (control), LMT, CS, and CI improved after 8wk, MGS, TBUT after 12wk of treatment. In Group 1 (conventional cyclosporine), LMT, MGS, and TBUT improved significantly after 4wk, whereas CS, CI, STI, and LLT improved significantly after 8wk, and OSDI at 12wk. In Group 2 (nano-cyclosporine), LMT, MGS, CS, CI, TBUT, and OSDI significantly improved after 4wk, and STI after 8wk. Especially, LLT was significantly higher than other groups after 4wk. CONCLUSION: Cyclosporine and nano-cyclosporine shows significant improvement in DES with MGD than the control group. In contrast, the nano-cyclosporine group shows more statistically improved CI and CS at 4wk, especially LLT at 4, 8, and 12wk compared to the conventional cyclosporine group.     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩治疗MGD相关性干眼疗效的Meta分析

目的:评价强脉冲光(IPL)联合睑板腺按摩(MGX)治疗睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)相关性干眼(DED)的有效性。方法:检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普中文期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、ClinicalTrials、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science数据库,纳入2017-01/2022-09试验组采用IPL联合MGX,对照组单纯运用MGX治疗MGD相关性干眼的临床随机对照试验研究(RCTs)。采用Review Manager 5.3和Stata 14软件对临床疗效、眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)评分、泪河高度(TMH)以及睑板腺分泌物性质评分(MGYSS)6个结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入15篇RCTs, MGD相关性干眼患者1 345例。Meta分析结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组治疗MGD相关性干眼可更好的提高临床疗效(OR=4.95, 95%CI:2.76～8.90,Z=5.35,P<0.00001)、BUT(SMD=1.26, 95%CI:0.84～1....     

局部应用地塞米松治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关性干眼的疗效观察

目的  比较单纯应用抗生素以及联合糖皮质激素治疗睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）相关性干眼的临床效果。设计  前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象  2012年5月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科中心诊断为MGD相关性干眼患者42例（84眼）。方法  随机选择其中22例（44眼）为试验组,应用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏+羟糖甘滴眼液+局部热敷;20例（40眼）为对照组应用妥布霉素眼膏+羟糖甘滴眼液+局部热敷。于治疗前和治疗后1、2和4周观察睑板腺功能及其干眼相关检测指标的变化及症状改善情况。主要指标 睑板腺功能方面：裂隙灯显微镜下评价眼睑睑缘变化,睑板腺开口的变化,睑板腺分泌物性状评分,睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分;干眼方面： Schirmer I试验（SIt）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、角膜荧光素染色（CFS）情况及症状评分。结果  治疗前,试验组和对照组在年龄、MGD病程、MGD体征和干眼体征等各项指标均无统计学差异（P均>0.05）。与治疗前相比,治疗后1、2、4周,实验组和对照组的分泌物性状评分、睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分和症状评分均明显降低,TBUT均明显增加（P均<0.05）。两组的CFS评分在治疗后2、4周比治疗前均明显降低（P均<0.05）。治疗后1、2周时,与对照组相比,试验组的睑板腺分泌物性状评分和睑板腺挤压试验评分明显较低,而在治疗后各时间点TBUT值明显较高（P均<0.05）。结论  单纯抗生素以及联合糖皮质激素治疗对MGD相关性干眼均有疗效,但后者在改善症状及体征方面效果更优。     

睑板腺脂质在干眼症发病机制中的作用

干眼症是眼科常见病,根据病因可分为泪液分泌不足和泪液蒸发过强两种类型。位于泪膜最外层的脂质层由睑板腺分泌,具有维持泪膜稳定和防止泪液蒸发的作用。脂质层的组成成分以及组织结构对它的稳定性有很大影响,睑板腺功能障碍患者由于脂质层功能紊乱,造成泪膜稳定性下降及眼表的破坏,引起蒸发过强型干眼症。（国际眼科纵览,2014, 38：316-319）     

睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼的治疗

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfuction,MGD)是一种慢性、弥漫性睑板腺异常,它通常以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞和(或)睑板腺分泌物质或量改变为特征,睑板腺阻塞是MGD最常见的原因,而MGD是蒸发过强性干眼最主要的病因,近年来随着MGD所致及干眼症的发病率提高,也受到越来越多的国内外学者的关注,虽然国际上对MGD的治疗等尚无统一标准,但现比较认可的治疗方法主要是去除病因、局部和全身治疗,包括物理治疗、药物治疗、人工泪液替代疗法、营养支持治疗、激素治疗、中医治疗等,本文主要就近年来国内外关于MGD所致干眼症的治疗做一综述。     

强脉冲光综合治疗睑缘炎相关角结膜病变的短期疗效

目的：探讨强脉冲光(IPL)综合治疗睑缘炎相关角结膜病变(BKC)的短期疗效。

方法：选择2020-12/2021-12就诊于沧州爱尔眼科医院确诊为BKC的患者66例66眼(均选择病情严重的一眼进行研究),根据患者接受的临床治疗方式不同分为两组,对照组30例30眼,治疗组36例36眼,两组均在接受药物(给予0.1%氟米龙滴眼液、0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液、妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏点眼)治疗后1wk,以眼表状态作为基线水平,对照组继续进行药物治疗(给予0.1%氟米龙滴眼液、0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液点眼),治疗组在药物治疗基础上需在医院内定期进行IPL综合治疗(雾化熏蒸+IPL+睑板腺按摩+睑缘清洁+冷敷),每2wk 1次,共治疗4次。在药物治疗1wk后、IPL第1次治疗前(基线水平V1)和IPL第3次治疗前(V2)、IPL第4次治疗后2wk(V3)对两组患者进行随访,收集眼表疾病指数(OSDI)、裂隙灯下观察睑缘形态、睑板腺(MG)分泌物性质和分泌物排出难易程度、泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)、眼红指数及角膜荧光素染色等数据,同时检查最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、眼前节及眼底,观察有无并发症的发生。

结果：两组患者治疗前OSDI、睑缘形态、MG分泌物性质和分泌物排出难易程度、NIBUT、眼表充血、角膜荧光素染色各项评分相比均无差异(P>0.05)。在V2、V3时,两组患者OSDI、睑缘形态、MG分泌物性质和分泌物排出难易程度、眼表充血分析、角膜荧光素染色各项评分均较治疗前(V1)下降,NIBUT较治疗前提高(均P<0.05),组间比较有差异(P<0.05),治疗组各项观察指标改善更明显。所有患者均未见明显并发症发生。

结论：IPL综合治疗可以减轻眼表炎症,改善睑板腺功能,可作为BKC物理治疗的新选择。