超声引导下半自动槽切式胸膜活检在胸腔积液病因诊断中的应用

目的：探讨超声引导下半自动槽切式胸膜活检在胸腔积液病因诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析179例胸腔积液患者胸膜活检的临床资料,统计胸膜活检的取材成功率、病因诊断率和并发症发生率,分析胸膜活检诊断的有效性和安全性。结果179例患者经186次活检后均成功取到胸膜组织,取材成功率96．2％。病理具有病因诊断价值144例,病因诊断率80．4％,其中结核99例（55．3％）、恶性肿瘤45例（25．1％）。结核性胸膜炎活检阳性率86．8％,恶性胸腔积液活检阳性率75．0％。发生并发症9例（4．8％）。结论超声引导下半自动槽切式胸膜活检操作简单、取材准确、安全,病因诊断率高,对明确胸腔积液的病因具有重要价值。     

CT引导自动切割活检枪在76例肺穿刺中的应用

目的评价CT引导下,采用自动切割活检枪经皮肺穿刺活检的临床诊断价值。方法CT引导,使用16G-20G自动切割活检枪,对76例肺部周围性病灶行经皮肺穿刺活检。结果70例获定性诊断,定性诊断率为92．11％,气胸、咯血等并发症率为10．53％和14．47％,无严重并发症发生。结论CT引导下,采用自动切割活检枪经皮肺穿刺是一种准确、安全、有效的肺部病灶诊断方法,值得临床推广。     

肺粗针活检158例肺内周围性肿块的临床病理分析

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺占位性病变的诊断价值及影响其准确性的因素。方法在CT引导下使用日本生产的半自动活检枪对158例患者进行经皮肺穿活检取材送病理,并对部分组织进行免疫组化分析。结果 158例肺占位病变中,经手术随访或临床查实恶性肿瘤102例,良性病变56例,穿刺病理诊断96例,未能确诊者6例,恶性肿瘤确诊率94.12%。结论 CT引导下经皮肺粗针活检是一种安全有效,准确性高的诊断方法,对肺部肿瘤的诊断具有较高的实用价值,适用于临床诊断困难的肺周围性占位病变的诊断。     

超声引导下肾自动活检术在基层医院的临床应用

目的探讨超声引导下肾自动活检术在基层医院的临床应用及意义。方法回顾性分析46例超声引导下应用自动活检枪和16G活检针取肾组织标本患者的临床资料,分析取材成功率及并发症发生情况。结果本组46例患者,平均进针次数(2.56±0.5)次,取材成功率为100%,病理诊断率为100%。术后出现血尿46例(100.0%),肾周血肿5例(10.9%),肾窦出血、膀胱积血1例(2.2%)。结论超声引导下肾自动活检术是一种取材成功率高、操作简便、严重并发症少及风险较小的组织学取材方法,值得在基层医院推广。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活组织检查56例分析

目的总结CT引导下BARD自动活检枪经皮肺穿刺的临床应用价值。方法在CT引导下用活检枪对周围结节病灶进行穿刺,明确病理性质,分析56例临床资料。结果 56例全部获得细胞学标本,55例确诊,成功率98.9%;并发症8例气胸及4例咯血。结论用BARD活检枪同轴活检针经皮穿刺诊断肺部占位病变阳性率高,并发症较少。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围性肿块诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对明确肺周围性肿块性质的诊断价值。方法分析46例肺周围性肿块患者临床及病理资料,并总结在cT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法,就如何提高穿刺准确性及减少并发症进行讨论。结果45例获得细胞学标本,39例确诊,确诊率84．8％;并发症12例气胸及3例咯血。结论该方法对肺周围性肿块性质的诊断率高,并发症轻,值得临床推广应用。     

超声引导自动活检在肝脏占位性病变诊断中的应用

目的研究超声引导活检技术在肝脏占位病变诊断中的应用．方法超声及其他影像检查难以明确的肝占位病变44例，应用Tsk（规格16mm×115mm）自动活检枪．在超场直观引导下，将穿刺针引导接近病灶，在预测射程内激发话检枪并迅速退针，将取出组织送检．结果44例全部一次取材成功，所取组织芯均＞10mm，组织学诊断率100％，无1例并发症发生．结论超声引导自动活检，操作方便安全，准确、活检标本质量高，组织学诊断率高，为临床肝占位性变的诊断提供了可靠的依据．     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺小结节诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对直径≤20mm肺实性结节、磨玻璃结节及混合性结节不同密度肺结节的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了2017年1月至2019年6月期间109例直径≤20mm肺小结节于本院行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检病例资料,分析不同亚类肺小结节穿刺活检取材、病理结果及术中术后并发症等情况。结果109例肺结节病灶直径≤20mm的患者均顺利完成CT引导下肺穿刺活检术,穿刺活检成功率为100%,89例患者得以病理明确诊断,阳性率为81.7%(89/109),肺实性结节、纯磨玻璃结节及混合磨玻璃结节诊断率分别为91.7%、69.6%及88.9%,纯磨玻璃结节穿刺诊断率与实性及混合磨玻璃结节比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);病灶大小5~10 mm穿刺诊断率为70.6%,10~20 mm穿刺诊断率为83.7%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术中术后气胸、出血发生率分别为9.1%和32.1%例,其中实性结节、纯磨玻璃结节和混合磨玻璃结节,气胸发生率分别为11.1%、8.7和7.4%,三者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实性结节、纯磨玻璃结节和混合磨玻璃结节出血发生率分别为11.1%、45.7%和37.0%;实性结节、纯磨玻璃结节及混合磨玻璃结节比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对于≤2 mm以下肺实性结节、混合磨玻璃结节及纯磨玻璃结节有较高诊断价值,但纯磨玻璃结节穿刺诊断率低,且纯磨玻璃结节及混合磨玻璃结节出血发生率高,在临床工作中对不同密度的肺小结节行穿刺活检时应引起重视。     

超声引导胸膜活检在顽固性胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声引导对胸膜作细胞学和组织学检查的穿刺方法及其在临床诊断中的应用。方法对临床上难以确诊的94例顽固性胸腔积液患者行超声引导下胸膜活检。结果94例患者，91例取材满意，能作出明确组织病理学诊断，穿刺获得组织学诊断率96．9％，其中恶性73例，良性18例。结论超声引导穿刺活检，技术方法简便，病理诊断阳性率高，对确定诊断有重要意义。     

超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肾活检术120例分析

目的 探讨超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肾活检术的安全性、有效性及临床意义.方法 回顾分析我院 120例行超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肾活检术患者的临床资料.结果 120例患者取材成功117例（成功率97.5%）;出现并发症12例（10.0%）,均为肾周血肿及肾包膜下血肿,其中1例合并肉眼血尿（0.83%）.结论 超声引导下自动活检枪经皮肾活检术是一种安全有效的检查方法,对明确诊断,指导治疗有重要的意义.     

Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of small peripheral pulmonary nodules.

We compared the diagnostic yields of ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy, sputum cytology, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy in 30 patients with peripheral pulmonary nodules smaller than 3.0 cm in diameter. Among them, there were 4 minute nodules with diameter less than 1.0 cm, 12 between 1.1 to 2.0 cm, and 14 between 2.1 to 3.0 cm. The final diagnoses in these 30 patients, as confirmed by histologic findings, microbiology, and clinical follow-up, revealed 24 malignant lesions and 6 benign. All of these 30 nodules received ultrasound-guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and confirmative diagnoses were obtained in 27 (90 percent). Twenty-two (92 percent) of 24 patients with malignant nodules had positive cytology for malignancy and 5 (83 percent) of 6 patients with benign lesions had diagnosis made by cytologic and microbiologic examinations. One patient developed asymptomatic pneumothorax after needle aspiration. The size of the lesions did not affect the diagnostic yield and complication rate. None of the lesions was diagnosed by sputum cytology (0 of 19; 0 percent). Two patients had diagnoses obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy (2 of 10; 20 percent). We conclude that ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy is a useful and safe method for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules, even when the size of the nodule is less than 3 cm in diameter. The diagnostic yield far exceeds that which can be obtained by sputum cytology and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy.     

Ultrasound guided aspiration biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions

Forty-six patients with peripheral lung lesions underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy. Aspirates were sent for cytological and/or microbiological examination. Confirmative diagnosis was obtained in 40 patients (86.9%). Twenty-eight patients had positive cytology for malignancy and 12 patients with benign lesions had diagnosis made by cytologic and microbiologic examination. None of the lesions could be diagnosed by sputum cytology and fibreoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy or brushings. No complication was observed in any patient. We conclude that ultrasound guided aspiration biopsy is a useful and safe method for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary masses. The diagnostic yield far exceeds that which can be obtained by sputum cytology and fibreoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy.     

多种活检在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用

目的研究CT引导下经皮肺活检（CT-PLB）与经支气管镜肺活检（TBLB）或经支气管针吸活检（TBNA）在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用。方法对143例周围型肺癌患者的诊断方法进行分析,其中137例通过单用或联合采用CT-PLB、TBLB、TBNA等检查手段取得病理学诊断,6例为术后病理学诊断。结果 CT-PLB确诊率为85.4%,TBLB确诊率为68.4%,TBNA确诊率为80%,联合应用总确诊率为95.8%。结论对于肺周围型病变,根据病灶大小、位置、与胸壁距离、有否纵隔淋巴结转移等具体情况选择合适的活检方式可取得病理学诊断,多种方法联合应用可提高检出率。     

Towards another diagnostic approach of peripheral pulmonary masses in pneumology: ultrasonically guided needle puncture

In a series of 50 patients with lung lesions touching the thoracic wall, percutaneous ultrasonically guided needle aspiration yielded a pathological diagnosis in 44 cases (sensitivity: 88%). The histological diagnosis of malignant lesion could be confirmed in 41 of these 44 patients. In this group of patients with neoplasia the diagnosis obtained by extemporaneous cytotology was compared with that obtained by lung biopsy: the diagnostic sensitivity of cytology proved to be higher than that of biopsy (86.36% and 65.90% respectively). Using the two methods concomitantly increased sensitivity up to 93.18%. A pathological diagnosis could be obtained in 3 out of the 6 patients in this series who had benign lesions. No bleeding was observed, and there was only one complication: a partial pneumothorax not requiring drainage which was detected by ultrasonography and confirmed by radiography. Thus, ultrasonically guided needle aspiration of lesions adjacent to the thoracic wall appears to be an efficient and reliable diagnostic method. Lack of irradiation, real-time guidance, low cost, high sensitivity and easily available equipment are as many reasons to prefer this method to other interventional radiology methods in patients with peripheral lung masses detectable by ultrasounds.     

高分辨CT、胸部平片及病理学诊断肺磨玻璃结节临床分析

目的分析高分辨CT与胸部平片联合用于肺磨玻璃结节鉴别诊断的价值,以提高肺磨玻璃结节早期检出率,为临床合理治疗提供影像学依据。 方法选择2018年1月至2019年12月经手术病理结果或穿刺活检证实860例肺磨玻璃结节患者作为分析对象,全部患者在术前均接受胸部平片检查与高分辨CT检查,且均经高分辨率CT与胸部平片发现有肺部结节征象;记录手术病理及穿刺活检结果;观察患者胸部平片与高分辨CT检查主要征象,分析各检查方法单独及联合用于肺磨玻璃结节鉴别诊断的价值。 结果860例患者中经证实恶性385例,其中289例经手术病理确诊,96例经穿刺活检明确,包括原位腺癌135例,微浸润腺癌155例,浸润性腺癌72例,其他23例,恶性率为44.8%;860例肺磨玻璃结节患者经胸部平片检查结果显示,肺结节直径范围为1.0～3.0 cm;肺结节的分布：326例左肺,534例右肺;经高分辨CT检查结果显示,良恶性病变肺磨玻璃结节病灶大小比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),恶性结节表现出不规则形、毛刺征、分叶征、界面清楚光整、空泡征、支气管征等征象占比均高于良性组(P<0.05);胸部平片、高分辨CT单独及联合诊断肺磨玻璃结节的曲线下面积分别为0.847、0.876、0.940,均>0.8,诊断价值好,且联合诊断的曲线下面积最大。 结论胸部平片与高分辨CT联合检测,并结合病理学对提高肺磨玻璃结节早期良性病变及恶性肿瘤进行鉴别诊断的正确率有重要价值。     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of mediastinal and peripheral pulmonary masses guided by real-time sonography

The value of fine needle aspiration biopsy guided by real-time ultrasonography was assessed in 45 patients referred with an intrathoracic mass adjacent to the chest wall. The mass, as determined by chest x-ray examination, was visualized sonographically and subsequently biopsied in 42 patients. Puncture specimen was diagnostic in 34 patients (81 percent), including nine of 12 patients (75 percent) with previous failure of biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance. The success rate was similar in pulmonary and mediastinal masses, 18 of 23 and 16 of 19 patients, respectively. A diagnostic biopsy was obtained in 26 of 31 patients with a malignant mass. No complications were observed except for a minimal pneumothorax in one patient. Thus, real-time sonographic guidance is a safe, easy, and reliable method in biopsy of pulmonary and mediastinal masses adjacent to the chest wall and may also succeed in patients where fluoroscopically guided biopsy has failed.     

Importance of open lung biopsy in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious infectious complication in immunocompromised patients. Recent reports indicate its favorable clinical outcomes by early diagnosis with chest computed tomography scan. We retrospectively analyzed our experiences with histopathological evaluation by open lung biopsy in 31 patients (32 cases) with hematologic malignancies, suspected of having invasive pulmonary aspergillosis clinically and radiologically. Although the initial computed tomography findings of all cases were highly indicative of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by demonstrating nodules or masses with a halo sign (16 cases), segmental area of consolidation with ground-glass attenuation (7 cases), both nodules or masses with a halo sign and segmental area of consolidation with ground-glass attenuation (7 cases) and poorly defined centrilobular nodules (2 cases), we could histopathologically confirm invasive fungal infections only in 17 cases (53.1%) by open lung biopsy. There were 13 cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, two cases of aspergilloma, and two cases of mucormycosis. No fungal hyphae were found in the other 15 cases: organizing pneumonia in seven cases, pulmonary hemorrhage in three cases, brochiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia in two cases, and CMV pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, candida pneumonia in one case each, respectively. We could perform open lung biopsy without mortality and significant morbidity. In view of the low positive predictive value of chest computed tomography scan and the very low morbidity of open lung biopsy, this procedure is recommendable for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and determination of its treatment.     

超声引导下周围型肺病变穿刺活检术的诊断价值及影响因素

目的 探讨超声引导下周围型肺病变穿刺活检的诊断价值及相关影响因素,总结提高确诊率的方法 和技巧.方法 分析2018年1月至2019年1月因周围型肺病变在广州医科大学附属第一医院住院,行超声引导下肺穿刺活检术且具有穿刺病理结果 的病例共311例.通过单因素分析以及多因素Logistic回归分析的统计学方法 ,分别分析患者...     

Primary pulmonary AIDS-related lymphoma: radiographic and CT findings

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the radiographic and CT findings of primary AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) of the lung (ARLL), and to evaluate percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) in the diagnosis of primary ARLL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven chest radiographs and seven CT scans of HIV-infected patients with histologically proved primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PPL) were reviewed at our institution. All of the patients had fibroscopy with BAL. The diagnosis of PPL was established histologically by means of PTNB (n = 4), open-lung biopsy (n = 2), or autopsy (n = 1). RESULTS: All but one patient had multiple peripheral well-defined nodules of various sizes on the chest X-ray film and CT scan. One patient had a subpleural parenchymal infiltrate and another had a main peripheral mass with spontaneous cavitation. Hilar/mediastinal adenopathies and pericardial/pleural effusion were never associated with the parenchymal abnormalities. Fibroscopy with BAL was always negative. PTNB, done in six cases, was diagnostic in four cases and suggested primary ARLL in two cases. No complications occurred during these procedures. CONCLUSION: After excluding infectious causes, multiple peripheral nodules and/or masses without hilar or mediastinal adenopathies and without pleural effusion are suggestive of primary pulmonary ARL. A specific diagnosis can be obtained by means of PTNB.