颅内动脉瘤破裂的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的探讨未破裂颅内动脉瘤发生破裂的临床特点及危险因素。方法将124例颅内动脉瘤患者分为破裂组96例和未破裂组28例,对其临床及随访资料进行回顾性分析。采用χ2检验及logistic逐步回归模型分析颅内动脉瘤发生破裂的相关危险因素。结果颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的首发症状多为头痛(84.38%)和头晕(81.25%)。饮酒(P=0.036)、高血压(P=0.041)、疲劳(P=0.019)、情绪波动(P=0.016)、吸烟(P=0.014)、动脉瘤部位(P=0.009)和动脉瘤大小(P=0.032)在破裂组和未破裂组比较差异均有统计学意义,并经多因素logistic逐步回归分析证明,其均是动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂首发症状以头痛、头晕为主。饮酒、高血压、疲劳、情绪波动、吸烟、动脉瘤部位及动脉瘤大小等是动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂的临床危险因素分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂的临床危险因素。方法采用病例-对照研究的方法,对颅内动脉瘤患者中破裂组和未破裂组的动脉瘤特征(是否多发、动脉瘤的位置、大小)做单因素和多因素分析。单因素分析采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,基于偏最大似然估计的后退法(LR),入选标准取0.05,排除标准取0.10,以筛选颅内动脉瘤破裂的相关临床危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,颅内动脉瘤破裂组和未破裂组患者动脉瘤位置分布(主要为前交通动脉瘤、颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤)及动脉瘤大小(瘤径≥7mm)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,动脉瘤位置〔前交通动脉瘤,P=0.027,OR=0.096,95%CI(0.012,0.770)〕及动脉瘤大小〔瘤径≥7 mm,P=0.001,OR=0.055,95%CI(0.011,0.285)〕与颅内动脉瘤破裂相关。结论位于前交通动脉及瘤径≥7 mm是颅内动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素。     

高分辨磁共振瘤壁成像在颅内未破裂动脉瘤中的应用

目的 研究高分辨磁共振瘤壁成像(HR-VWI)在颅内未破裂动脉瘤(UIA)中的应用。方法 将梅州市人民医院神经外科从2018年1月至2020年10月收治的拟行开颅手术夹闭或介入栓塞的UIA患者39例纳入研究。对所有受试者均开展HR-VWI检查,分析病变部位、病灶大小、瘤高与颈宽比(AR)、子囊、瘤壁强化情况。对所有受试者临床症状进行破裂风险评估,并根据症状分为高破裂风险组10例和低破裂风险组29例。采集所有受试者的各项基线资料并进行对比。采用多因素Logistic回归分析明确UIA患者动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。结果 高破裂风险组高血压及头痛例数占比均明显高于低破裂风险组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高破裂风险组病灶大小及子囊、瘤壁强化例数占比均高于低破裂风险组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析可知,高血压、头痛、病灶大小、瘤壁强化均是UIA患者动脉瘤破裂的危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论 HR-VWI应用于UIA的诊断中具有较高的价值,且可为动脉瘤破裂提供一定的辅助预测作用,值得临床重点关注。     

腹主动脉瘤患者发病特点及影响其预后的相关因素

目的 讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)发病的临床流行病学特点及影响预后的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院1988-2007年收治的375例AAA患者临床资料,应用Cox比例风险回归模型分析各相关因素与预后的关系.结果 肾下AAA患者共375例,患者平均年龄(62±15)岁.男性患者282例,女性93例,男女比例3.03∶1.男性中破裂性AAA(14.5%)多于女性(6.5%)(P＜0.05),5年存活率男性组(65.7%)低于女性组(83.3%)(P＜0.01);≥65岁组破裂率(3.6%)明显低于＜65岁组(17.7%)(P＜0.05),≥65岁年龄组5年生存率(80.4%)优于＜65岁组(64.2%)(P＜0.025);非高血压组5年生存率(77.4%)优于高血压组(60.6%)(P＜0.05).最近10年中国医科大学附属第一医院收治肾下A从患者比前一个10年增加186.6%,且患者瘤体直径缩小(P＜0.01),但动脉瘤破裂发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.5).应用Cox回归分析显示性别(P＜0.05)、入院前吸烟(P＜0.05)和高血压(P＜0.05)3个危险因素影响腹主动脉瘤患者预后;而年龄、治疗方式的选择等因素与AAA患者预后无明显相关性.结论 AAA发病率呈上升趋势.男性、吸烟、高血压AAA患者不仅临床表现较为严重,而且预后较差;年龄、治疗方式的选择等因素与AAA患者预后无明显相关性.     

老年颅内破裂动脉瘤患者手术预后影响因素分析

目的探讨影响老年颅内破裂动脉瘤患者行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术预后的因素。 方法回顾分析老年颅内破裂动脉瘤患者74例,依据患者术后6个月时改良Rankin评分（Modified Rankin Scale,mRS）分为预后良好组(mRS 0~2分)45例和较差组（mRS 3~6分）29例,并对可能影响手术预后的因素进行分析。 结果2组在性别、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、吸烟史、饮酒史、抗血小板或抗凝史、脑出血病史、动脉瘤部位、多发动脉瘤、手术时间、再出血、癫痫、非神经系统严重症状差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。预后良好组在年龄≥70岁、Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ~Ⅴ级、合并虚弱症、手术时机＞3 d、动脉瘤直径≥7 mm、发生脑缺血卒中和脑积水比例比预后较差组更低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,Hunt-Hess分级、虚弱症、手术时机及脑缺血卒中对预后有影响,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而年龄、动脉瘤直径及脑积水对结果无影响,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论老年颅内破裂动脉瘤患者行开颅手术的预后受多种因素影响,Hunt-Hess分级、虚弱症、手术时机、脑缺血卒中是重要的影响因素。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂危险因素的临床研究

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤（IAs）自然病程中发生破裂的可能危险因素,以期为临床实践提供参考。方法入组2008年1月至2016年3月就诊的IAs患者183例（动脉瘤227个）,根据动脉瘤破裂与否将研究对象分为未破裂组和破裂组。未破裂组91例（动脉瘤111个）;破裂组92例（动脉瘤116个）。比较两组患者临床和影像学资料,通过多因素logistic回归分析筛选IAs破裂的独立危险因素。采用IAs破裂风险预测模型（PHASES评分）及生长风险预测模型（ELAPSS评分）比较两组评分差异,进一步采用ROC曲线评价PHASES评分对IAs破裂的预测价值,并获得最佳界值。结果破裂组年龄＜50岁、女性、高血压患者所占比例显著高于未破裂组,而糖尿病患者所占比例显著低于未破裂组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。logistic回归分析示,年龄＜50岁、高血压、糖尿病、后交通和后循环动脉瘤、动脉瘤形态不规则有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。破裂组PHASES和ELAPSS评分均大于未破裂组,差异有统计学意义（均P=0.000）;PHASES评分的ROC曲线显示,AUC0.668＞0.5,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）,最佳界值为4.5分。结论IAs是否发生破裂是患者、动脉瘤等多因素共同参与的,独立危险因素包括：年龄＜50岁、高血压、后交通和后循环动脉瘤、形态不规则动脉瘤。临床上,可以采用ELAPSS评分模型和PHASES评分模型预测IAs生长和破裂风险,为后期治疗方案的选择提供定量依据。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤介入术中再破裂的因素及防治

目的：探讨血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤术中再破裂的因素及其防治方法。方法分析885例行血管内介入治疗的颅内破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中手术中再破裂28例,总结分析可能引起血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤术中再破裂的各种因素,提出防治策略。结果可能引起血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤术中再破裂的因素有：高血压病史、动脉瘤大小（微小动脉瘤）、动脉瘤部位（前交通动脉瘤）、动脉瘤形状（有不规则分叶或有凸起）、术中载瘤动脉痉挛（ P＜0.05）;血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤术中再破裂与患者的性别、年龄、Hunt－Hess分级、动脉瘤颈大小、手术时机、手术中使用球囊或支架没有明显关系（P＞0.05）。破裂发生后可根据具体情况采取合适的处理措施。结论血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤术中再破裂是一种严重的并发症,术前应重视可能引起术中再破裂的各种因素,破裂发生后采用正确的行之有效的措施,有助于减少此并发症的发生,提高成功率,改善患者的预后。     

Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors for Patients with Intracranial Aneurysms

目的 探讨影响颅内动脉瘤患者预后的相关因素并对其进行评价.方法 回顾性分析109例患者的年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、意识水平、临床病情分级、动脉瘤破裂次数、CT Fisher分级、动脉瘤的部位、瘤体、瘤颈大小、囊颈比例、治疗方式,共14项50个水平进行单因素和多因素分析.各自变量分别定义并赋值.以30 d预后及＞6个月以上预后分别为因变量并行统计学处理.单因素、多因素分析均采用Logistic回归分析.结果 多因素分析显示,y1=30 d预后时,Hunt-Hess分级对预后的影响差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Hunt-Hess 0、Ⅰ、Il级时,其OR(与 Hunt-HessⅣ、V级比较)值分别为107.677(P＜0.01)、63.750(P＜0.01)、51(P＜0.01).y2=6个月以上预后为因变量,意识水平对预后的影响差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).GCS评分13~15分、8～12分的OR值(与 GCS 3～7分患者比较)分别为:42.9(P＜0.01)、19.5(P＜0.05).结论 所有诊断为颅内动脉瘤的患者,临床病情分级(Hunt-Hess分级)是影响30 d预后最为重要的独立危险因素,意识水平是影响6个月以上预后最为重要的独立危险因素.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂患者术后脑血管痉挛发生情况及影响因素分析

目的：调查及分析颅内动脉瘤破裂患者术后脑血管痉挛发生情况及影响因素。方法：选取2015年1月-2021年6月赣州市赣县区人民医院收治的200例颅内动脉瘤破裂手术患者,统计术后脑血管痉挛发生率,采用多因素logistic回归分析颅内动脉瘤破裂患者术后脑血管痉挛发生的影响因素。结果：200例颅内动脉瘤破裂手术患者中发生术后脑血管痉挛者53例,发生率为26.50%。是否发生术后脑血管痉挛患者的性别、体重指数（BMI）、饮酒史及糖尿病情况比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。是否发生术后脑血管痉挛患者的年龄、出血次数、病灶部位、Hunt-hess分级、Fisher分级、吸烟史、手术时机、手术时间及高血压情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥55岁、出血次数≥2次、前循环动脉瘤、Hunt-hess分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级、Fisher分级3或4级、吸烟史、中期手术、手术时间>4 h及合并高血压是颅内动脉瘤破裂患者术后脑血管痉挛发生的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：颅内动脉瘤破裂患者术后脑血管痉挛发生率较高,且年龄、出血次数、病灶部位、H...     

颅内动脉瘤破裂风险评估的研究进展

颅内动脉瘤破裂的危险因素主要与动脉瘤的形态学(大小、形状及位置)、血流动力学(流入射流、壁面剪应力)、壁内的炎症(动脉瘤壁的炎症程度)及患者的临床因素(年龄和性别、高血压和吸烟史、女性绝经史)等相关。目前,三维形态学参数、蝶骨嵴近端征象、分子影像学判断炎症和四维CT血管造影技术检测动脉瘤壁的异常搏动也成为预测颅内动脉瘤破裂风险的因素。这些新的预测因素,在预测颅内动脉瘤的破裂风险中也起到重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.