重症急性胰腺炎并发腹腔室隔综合征的急症处理

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发腹腔室隔综合征(ACS)的诊断和急症处理。方法对我院2000年10月～2004年10月收治的13例SAP并发ACS的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组13例ACS患者,9例(69．2％)发生在SAP急性反应期(即早发性ACS)。3例(23．1％)发生在SAP感染期(即迟发性ACS),1例(7．7％)发生在SAP急性反应期和感染期(即混合性ACS)。9例早发性ACS中。1例(7．7％)行短时血液滤过。2例(15．4％)行左、右下腹部小切El灌洗引流术,3例(23．1％)行腹腔镜灌洗引流术。3例(23．1％)行开腹减压术;3例(23．1％)迟发性ACS均行开腹减压术;1例(7．7％)混合性ACS早期行腹腔镜灌洗引流术,后期行开腹减压术。治愈7例(53．8％),死亡6例(46．2％)。结论ACS是SAP的严重并发症。死亡率极高。早期、及时的诊断与根据不同ACS类型采取的个体化综合治疗是改善ACS预后的关键。     

重症胰腺炎的外科治疗（附67例疗效分析）

作者对该院普外科６７例经手术证实的重症胰腺炎进行了分析。１９８５年以前以单纯腹腔引流为主治疗１５例，死亡率为４６．６％；１９８５年以后以腹腔灌洗、胰床广泛切开、多管引流等综合措施为主治疗５２例，死亡率为１９．２％。我们认为：早期手术、胰床广泛切开；术后加用腹腔灌洗，彻底引流以及及时进行重症监护等综合措施对改善重症胰腺炎的疗效具有重要作用。     

重症胰腺炎的外科治疗（附67例疗效分析）

作者对该院普外科６７例经手术证实的重症胰腺炎进行了分析。１９８５年以前以单纯腹腔引流为主治疗１５例，死亡率为４６．６％；１９８５年以后以腹腔灌洗、胰床广泛切开、多管引流等综合措施为主治疗５２例，死亡率为１９．２％。我们认为：早期手术、胰床广泛切开；术后加用腹腔灌洗，彻底引流以及及时进行重症监护等综合措施对改善重症胰腺炎的疗效具有重要作用。     

腹腔镜手术治疗腹腔镜胆囊切除术后再发胆管结石合并胰腺炎的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)后再发胆管结石合并胰腺炎再次行腹腔镜治疗的可行性、手术时机及手术经验。方法:回顾分析2011年5月至2013年5月20例患者LC术后再发胆管结石合并急性胰腺炎行腹腔镜治疗的临床资料。结果:19例患者顺利完成胆总管探查取石引流术,1例中转开腹,中转率5%。5例患者入院时合并急性胆管炎症状(Charcot三联征)急诊手术,3例为重症胰腺炎予以保守治疗效果不佳,1~3 d内行胆管探查的同时行胰包膜切开灌洗引流术。余者均为轻型胰腺炎未合并急性胆管炎,予以对症治疗待腹痛症状缓解,酶学指标正常后行腹腔镜胆总管探查术。术后2例患者胆管仍有残余小结石,术后3个月经胆道镜取出。结论:LC术后再发胆管结石合并急性胰腺炎再次行腹腔镜胆管探查取石术安全、可行。胆管结石合并急性胰腺炎患者内环境紊乱,病情相对复杂,手术时机的把握、腔镜下胰包膜切开灌洗引流对重症胰腺炎的恢复至关重要。     

腹腔灌洗及引流在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的运用

目的 探讨腹腔灌洗及引流术在治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的方法和疗效。方法 回顾性分析2002年8月～2003年12月被收治的用腹腔灌洗及引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎20例。结果 本组20例患者中死亡2例，治愈率90％，主要死亡的原因为多器官功能衰竭及严重感染所致。结论 腹腔灌洗及引流在治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效是肯定的，可以明显地降低重症急性胰腺炎患者的死亡率，值得临床推广和应用。     

腹腔灌洗引流治疗非胆源性重症型急性胰腺炎

为探讨腹腔灌洗在治疗非胆源性重症型急性胰腺炎中的作用及效果，作者以腹穿抽出血性或混浊腹水作为灌洗引流指征，对22例非胆源性重症型急性胰腺炎患者行局麻下腹腔置管，采用广州百特医疗用品有限公司生产的浓度为4．25％的高渗腹膜透析液持续灌洗引流。结果示：除1例死亡外，其余21例(95．4％)治愈出院，其中2例(9．5％)并发胰腺假性囊肿。提示腹腔灌洗引流可提高非胆源性重症型急性胰腺炎患者的存活率，是治疗非胆源性重症型急性胰腺炎行之有效的方法。     

急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的探讨急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis，ABP）可行性及疗效。方法2001年5月～2005年12月对87例ABP行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）；对胆总管结石和（或）胆总管增宽者，行腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE）并置T管引流。结果手术成功75例，其中单纯LC 20例，LC联合LCBDE 55例（49例同时行胰腺被膜切开、腹腔置管灌洗引流术）；中转开腹手术12例。87例随访3～58个月，平均28．2月，无手术并发症和（或）胰腺炎及胆总管结石复发。结论急诊腹腔镜手术治疗ABP安全可行，疗效明确。     

重症急性胰腺炎治疗体会

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎患者应用腹腔引流术方法治疗的疗效。方法 本组12例患者均行腹腔引流术，对症治疗。结果 治愈10例，死亡2例。结论 通过对重症胰腺炎行腹腔引流术治疗，可以达到缩短疗程，提高疗效，减少并发症的目的。     

腹腔镜下置管灌洗引流辅以清胰排毒汤在重症急性胰腺炎早期诊疗中的应用

目的将腹腔镜下置管腹腔灌洗引流（LPLD）辅以清胰排毒汤这一方法应用于重症急性胰腺炎的早期治疗，与传统的开腹手术方法进行比较。方法将我院2006年1月-2008年9月11例重症急性胰腺炎（SPA）患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组在腹腔镜下置管腹腔灌洗引流（LPLD）辅以清胰排毒汤，对照组采用传统开腹灌洗引流的方法进行治疗。结果治疗组6例，治愈5例（治愈率83．33％），术后恢复时间为15—29天，平均23天，未发生并发症，术后亦未因切口疼痛而应用止痛药物。死亡1例（死亡率16．67％），死于多脏器功能衰竭。对照组5例，治愈4例（治愈率80％），术后恢复时间为35～78天，平均54天，1例患者出现了结肠瘘，经积极处理痊愈出院。全部患者均因切口疼痛需注射止痛药物。死亡1例（死亡率为20％），死于多脏器功能衰竭。结论腹腔镜下置管腹腔灌洗引流（LPLD）辅以清胰排毒汤在重症急性胰腺炎早期诊疗中主要有如下优点：手术创伤小、时间短、术后恢复快，改善患者的中毒症状及可缩短病程。     

经腹腔镜灌洗引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效分析

目的探讨经腹腔镜灌洗引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)伴腹腔间隔室综合征(ACS)的疗效。方法应用腹腔镜微创外科技术对23例SAP的ACS病人行胃结肠韧带切开,胰腺被膜切开减压,吸尽胰周渗液及清除坏死组织,并置多管腹腔引流、灌洗。结果除1例SAP病人因术后并发多器官功能衰竭(MOF)、弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)死亡外,其余22例均痊愈出院,随访半年无复发。结论腹腔镜灌洗引流治疗SAP的ACS方法简单、安全、有效,可以降低死亡率,减少并发症。     

超声引导经皮置管引流在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导经皮置管引流在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的应用价值。方法自2002年1月至2004年6月对9例重症急性胰腺炎采用了包括超声引导经皮置管引流在内的多种非手术治疗手段,其中对6例腹腔渗液较多者,实施超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流和腹腔灌洗;对4例合并胰腺周围积液并感染者,实施超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流。结果9例病人全部治愈,包括1例暴发性急性胰腺炎,无一例需手术治疗,腹腔引流管留置时间为5～7d,胰周引流管留置时间为7～60d(平均为30d),住院时间32～152d,平均68d。结论超声引导经皮置管引流对于重症急性胰腺炎腹腔积液较多者以及胰腺周围积液合并感染者能够进行简便、安全、有效的治疗,它的成功应用为非手术治疗重症急性胰腺炎提供了有益的经验。     

重症急性胰腺炎的外科治疗：附36例报告

目的：探讨外科手术在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）治疗中的作用。方法：回顾性分析2009年6月—2012年8月接受手术治疗的36例SAP患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果：胆源性SAP 11例（30.5%）,妊娠期SAP 2例（5.6%）,酗酒或暴饮暴食者20例（55.6%）,其他诱因3例（8.3%）。早期手术9例（25.0%）,其中行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石、T管引流、腹腔冲洗引流术7例,剖腹探查、胰腺区冲洗引流术2例;延期手术27例（75.0%）,均行胰腺坏死组织清除、腹腔冲洗引流术,其中4例同时行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。2例死于多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）及败血症,3例中途退院而失访,其余患者恢复良好,顺利出院。结论：手术是SAP治疗的关键环节之一,掌握恰当的手术时机和手术方式,可以有效降低并发症,提高疗效,挽救危重患者的生命。

     

Pancreatic resection versus peritoneal lavage in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. A prospective randomized trial.

Twenty-one patients with acute fulminant alcoholic pancreatitis were randomly allocated to either pancreatic resection group (11 patients) or nonoperative peritoneal lavage group (10 patients). Only patients under 50 years were included in the study to minimize the role of other severe disease. These patients represented the most severe cases of acute pancreatitis at our Department, constituting only 2% of all patients with acute pancreatitis during this period. The diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms and on signs indicating severely impaired systemic organ functions. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), which showed contrast enhancement below 30 Hounsfield units. In the operated cases, the diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis was verified histologically. All patients with conservative treatment had dark brown fluid at peritoneal puncture. There was a difference (nonsignificant) in mortality (3/11 and 1/10, respectively), complication rate, or in the need of reoperations between the groups. Nonoperative peritoneal lavage was followed with shorter treatment at the intensive care unit (16.2 versus 25.9 days, respectively). The hospital stay also was significantly shorter in the nonoperative group (44.3 versus 56.1 days). The results indicate that intensive conservative treatment is justified as an initial therapy even in the most severe cases of acute pancreatitis.     

The Role of Peritoneal Lavage in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Encouraged by reports of the therapeutic efficacy of peritoneal lavage in small series of five or six patients with acute pancreatitis, we have evaluated this treatment in 24 patients with "severe" pancreatitis. One hundred and three patients with "severe" pancreatitis (28% mortality) were separated from 347 with "mild" pancreatitis (0.9% mortality) by previously described early objective signs. Early treatment (Day 0-7) of "severe" pancreatitis included peritoneal lavage through catheters placed nonoperatively in 18 (Group A) and by catheters placed at laparotomy in six (Group C). Early treatment of nonlavaged patients with "severe" pancreatitis was by standard nonoperative measures in 61 (Group B) and included early operation in 18 (Group D). Lavage was continued for 48-96 hours, usually using 36-48 L/24 hours of balanced isotonic dialysate fluid, and was uncomplicated. Lavage led to striking immediate clinical improvement and no lavaged patient (Groups A and C) died during the first 10 days of treatment of pancreatitis. By contrast, 45% of deaths in nonlavaged patients (Group B and D) occurred during this early period, usually from cardiovascular or respiratory failure. Although lavage reduced mortality in subgroups of patients, ultimate overall survival was no affected (Group A, 83%; B, 84%; C, 33%; D,33%). Late peripancreatic abscesses caused most deaths in lavaged patients. These data show that peritoneal complications of severe acute pancreatitis and dramatically reduces early mortality. Lavage does not prevent the late local sequelae of peripancreatic necrosis.     

内镜联合腹腔灌洗治疗早期急性重症胆源性胰腺炎

目的探讨内镜联合腹腔穿刺灌洗治疗早期重症胆源性胰腺炎的效果.方法将急性重症胆源性胰腺炎患者62例随机分为2组,即内镜联合腹腔灌洗组(简称内镜组)32例和保守治疗组(对照组)30例.内镜组在入院3     

重症急性胰腺炎腹腔镜术后冲洗及引流策略

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)腹腔镜术后冲洗及引流策略。 方法回顾性分析南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院2007年1月至2015年12月期间采用腹腔镜手术治疗的54例非胆源性SAP的患者临床资料,全部患者均应用腹腔镜微创技术行胃结肠韧带切开,胰腺被膜切开减压,吸除胰周积液及清除坏死组织,在胰周留置多条引流管,术后采用多种灌洗及引流策略并观察疗效。 结果治愈50例,4例死亡,其中1例死于合并胰腺癌,2例死于迟发腹腔出血,1例死于多器官功能衰竭。术后冲洗时间(21.6 ± 14.5)d,引流管拔除时间(35.4 ± 22.4)d,术后住院时间(38.7 ± 24.6)d。其中1例术后32 d因胰周脓肿再次行腹腔镜手术,3例胰腺假性囊肿,1例保守治疗治愈,2例经穿刺引流后治愈。 结论SAP腹腔镜手术后,合理的冲洗及引流策略,可降低SAP的病死率,减少并发症。     

腹腔镜置管灌洗引流在重症急性胰腺炎早期治疗中的应用体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜下置管灌洗引流（LPLD）在重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）早期的治疗体会。方法 采用LPLD法治疗早期SAP患者28例，行胃结肠韧带切开，胰腺被膜切开减压，吸尽胰周渗液及清除坏死组织，并置多管腹腔引流、灌洗。结果 全组无死亡病例，均获治愈，随访1～28个月，无并发症发生，恢复良好。结论LPLD治疗早期SAP，方法简单、安全、有效，可以降低SAP死亡率，减少并发症，在临床上应该推广运用。     

Severe acute pancreatitis. Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to define the actual role of surgical therapy in severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis has been carried out on the surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis at the Institute of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Siena (Italy). From January 1980 to December 1997, 230 patients affected by acute pancreatitis were admitted to institution: 24 patients affected by severe disease (necrotizing pancreatitis: clinical and radiological diagnosis, by CT-scan) was choosen for this study. Of 24 patients, 15 were males and 9 females, with mean age of 55 years (range 30-80). In all cases, surgical procedure consisted in pancreatic necrosectomy, multiple abdominal and retroperitoneal drainage and closed management; operated patients with biliary pancreatitis underwent colecystectomy and, if necessary, common biliary duct drainage. RESULTS: The patients underwent surgical procedure, but the remaining 14 were treated by intensive medical care: mortality in these two groups was respectively 40% (4 cases) and 21% (3 cases). CONCLUSION: The conclusion is drawn that intensive medical care is the first therapeutic approach in severe acute pancreatitis, reserving surgery only to selected cases, as those affected by pancreatic infectes necrosis or those who get worse despite of conservative therapy. As to surgical technique, closed procedures vs open or semiopen, and conservative surgery (necrosectomy, multiple drainage and abdominal washing) vs anatomical resection are preferred.     

重症急性胰腺炎腹膜透析的护理

目的探讨腹膜透析治疗重症急性胰腺炎的治疗方法和护理措施。方法总结20例重症急性胰腺炎腹膜透析的护理经验。结果本组20例治愈17例，治愈率为85％。其中2例并发胰腺囊肿瘤，1例发生腹透管堵塞。3例患者因多器官功能功能障碍综合征而死亡。。结论早期腹膜透析治疗可改善急性重症胰腺炎的预后。在治疗过程中，同时配合精心护理可提高治愈率、减少并发症和降低死亡率。     

经腹腔镜置管灌洗治疗老年重症急性出血坏死性胰腺炎

作者经腹腔镜置管行腹腔灌洗治疗老年重症急性出血坏死性胰腺炎９例。在腹腔镜下以电刀纵行切开胰腺包膜，使胰腺充分暴露、松动，并且置多根多部位最低位灌洗引流。本组３例术中曾出现一过性低血压。１例术后死于多脏器功能衰竭，其余８例治愈。作者认为采用腹腔镜下腹腔置管灌洗治疗出血坏死性胰腺炎方法简单、安全、可减少并发症。对老年患者尤其适用。