S951抗阴道毛滴虫效果的实验观察

应用体外培养药敏试验观察Ｓ９５１抗阴道毛滴虫的作用，小剂量Ｓ９５１（５０μｌ）在４８ｈ内有全部杀灭阴道毛滴虫的作用，且随药量的增加杀虫作用增强，Ｓ９５１的临床试用于３１例滴虫性阴延道炎患者，与甲硝唑对照组比较，两者疗效无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），但Ｓ９５１有明显后无毒副反应的优点。     

阴道毛滴虫在性传播疾病患者寄生情况的研究

为了解阴道毛滴虫在淋病等性传播疾病（ＳＴＤ）患者寄生的情况,分析阴道毛滴虫寄生与ＳＴＤ之间可能存在的关系,对临床上拟诊的ＳＴＤ患者２２４５人和正常健康女工１９１人,分别采用生理盐水涂片法镜检阴道毛滴虫滋养体。结果显示ＳＴＤ组阴道毛滴虫滋养体的平均检出率为３０．９１％（６９４／２２４５）,高于正常对照组检出率１．０５％（２／１９１）,差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。前者以淋病和支原体感染者阴道毛滴虫滋养体的检出率较高,分别为３０．５３％和３８．２２％。此外,ＳＴＤ组受检者中,性罪错妇女阴道毛滴虫滋养体的检出率高于一般病例,并且患淋病和支原体感染的性罪错妇女阴道毛滴虫滋养体的检出率更高,分别为３４．６２％和４３．３２％。沙眼衣原体感染者、梅毒和尖锐湿疣患者阴道毛滴虫滋养体的检出率也高于正常对照组。     

用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法检测阴道毛滴虫可溶性 …

用抗阴道毛滴虫的单克隆抗体ＩｇＧ（鼠）和兔抗卫道毛滴虫多克隆抗体进行ＥＬＩＳＡ试验（双抗体夹心法），检测阴道毛滴虫可溶性抗原。分别观察了单克隆和多克隆抗体的不同浓度、不同的封闭剂型、封闭时间及孵育时间等条件对本试验效果的影响。结果以单克隆抗体ＩｇＧ（鼠）２５μｇ／ｍｌ包被，用０．２５％脱脂奶粉１次性封闭０．５ｈ（３７℃），兔抗阴道毛滴虫多克隆抗体滴度１：２００，孵育０．５ｈ为最佳条件。阴道毛滴虫可     

用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法检测阴道毛滴虫可溶性抗原的研究

用抗阴道毛滴虫的单克隆抗体ＩｇＧ（鼠）和兔抗阴道毛滴虫多克隆抗体进行ＥＬＩＳＡ试验（双抗体夹心法），检测阴道毛滴虫可溶性抗原。分别观察了单克隆和多克隆抗体的不同浓度、不同的封闭剂型、封闭时间及孵育时间等条件对本试验效果的影响。结果以单克隆抗体ＩｇＧ（鼠）２５μｇ／ｍｌ包被，用０．２５％脱脂奶粉１次性封闭０．５ｈ（３７℃），兔抗阴道毛滴虫多克隆抗体滴度１∶２００，孵育０．５ｈ为最佳条件。阴道毛滴虫可溶性抗原检出最低量为０．３μｇ。本试验与多种寄生虫的多克隆抗体均无交叉反应     

中性粒细胞杀灭阴道毛滴虫作用的研究

目的 研究中性粒细胞对阴道毛滴虫的杀灭作用。 方法 将滴虫性阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物接种于肝浸汤培养基，获阴道毛滴虫。取患者静脉血分离血清，取其1 ml 于56 ℃ 30 min获补体失活血清。另取1 ml患者血清于0 ℃以阴道毛滴虫吸附3次，获去除抗体血清。用密度梯度离心法及聚合物加速沉降法分离、纯化患者静脉血中性粒细胞。用氮蓝四唑（NBT）和沙黄O（safranin O）染色，显微镜观察中性粒细胞与阴道毛滴虫相互作用及甲臢（NBT还原产物)颗粒（formazan）沉积。取300个阴道毛滴虫和3×104个中性粒细胞，分别在有氧或厌氧、有或无超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、有或无补体等不同条件下，培养10、20、30、40、50及60 min，再接种于固态琼脂培养基，在37 ℃厌氧条件下继续培养5 d。观察计数阴道毛滴虫存活率。 结果 显微镜下可见几个中性粒细胞同时围攻杀灭1个阴道毛滴虫。含有中性粒细胞时培养的虫体存活率，厌氧条件下为85%，有氧条件为3%（P﹤0.01）。SOD及CAT可明显降低其杀虫作用，培养60 min虫体存活率分别为98%及94%，而无SOD及CAT时虫体存活率为2%（P值均<0.05）。加入去除抗体血清，可将虫体全部杀灭。加入补体失活血清则无杀虫作用。 结论 中性粒细胞杀灭阴道毛滴虫作用依赖于氧及患者血清中补体的存在。     

花叶总丹宁对阴道毛滴虫及淋球菌的杀灭作用研究

花叶总丹宁对阴道毛滴虫及淋球菌的杀灭作用研究＊河南中医学院（郑州４５０００３）邵素霞刘延泽阴道毛滴虫（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｍｏｎａｓｖａｇｉｎａｌｉｓ）为寄生于人体泌尿生殖系统的一种寄生虫，阴道毛滴虫病临床常表现为妇女外阴瘙痒剧烈难忍，阴道分泌物增多、糜烂...     

阴道毛滴虫琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶基因的克隆与序列分析

目的获取阴道毛滴虫琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶（α-SCSB）全基因，并对其进行序列分析。方法利用PCR技术扩增阴道毛滴虫琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶（α-SCSB）全基因，并将其插入pMD18-T载体，酶切鉴定后进行序列测定及分析。结果PCR扩增获得α-SCSB全长基因，大小为1381bp，与国外发表的阴道毛滴虫琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶（α-SCSB）的基因同源性为100％。结论本研究获得了阴道毛滴虫琥珀酰辅酶A合成酶（α-SCSB）启动子，为下一步研究α-SCSB启动子的功能及构建阴道毛滴虫DNA稳定转染载体奠定了基础。     

阴道毛滴虫与慢性前列腺炎关系的研究

阴道毛滴虫与慢性前列腺炎关系的研究＊济宁医学院（２７２１１３）山长武李静慢性前列腺炎（Ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｐｒｏｓｔａｔｉｔｉｓ，ＣＰ）是中青年男性的常见、多发病，单纯由阴道毛滴虫所致者非常少见，所谓“阴道毛滴虫性前列腺炎”只不过是与细菌协同所致的混合感染...     

毛滴虫氢化酶体的起源、功能与生物学特性的研究进展

毛滴虫隶属于肉足鞭毛门（Phylum Sarcomastigop-hora）动鞭纲（Class Zoomastigophorea）的毛滴虫科（Trich-omonadidae）。阴道毛滴虫 （Trichomonas vaginalis） 寄生于人体引起的疾病称为阴道毛滴虫病（trichomon-iasis）。毛滴虫是一类独特的兼性厌氧性原虫，与其他自由生活的鞭毛虫有显著差异，具有典型的真核细胞特征即具核膜、内膜系统和细胞骨架，但缺乏线粒体而具有在其他原生动物体内罕见的氢化酶体（hydrogenosome）。随着基因分析、基因组结构和转录机制的不断阐明，越来越多的研究表明毛滴虫同时具有原核及真核生物的许多重要特性，是研究原核与真核生物进化关系的一种理想模型。     

阴道毛滴虫在性传播疾病患者寄生情况的研究

为了解阴道毛滴虫在淋病等性传播疾病患者寄生的情况,分析阴道毛滴虫寄生与ＳＴＤ之间可能存在的关系,对临床上拟诊的ＳＴＤ患者２２４５人和正常健康女工１９１人,分别采用生理盐水涂片法镜检阴道毛滴虫滋养体。结果显示ＳＴＤ组阴道毛滴虫滋养体的平均检出率为３０。９１％,高于正常对照组检出率１．０５％〈差异非常显著。     

Hormonal action of 1-methyladenine: the effect of enzymatic digestion of intact starfish oocytes on the induction of meiosis.

The effect of enzymatic digestion of starfish oocytes on the ability of 1-methyladenine (1-MeAd) to cause the induction of meiosis was studied. Enzymes shown to have no effect on 1-MeAd-induced meiosis were phospholipases A and C, neuraminidase, β-galactosidase, and deoxyribonuclease. Trypsin was shown to have a slight effect on meiosis while papain, a protease from Streptomyces griseus (protease S), ribonuclease A (RNase), and ribonuclease T₁ digestion markedly suppressed the biological response to 1-MeAd. Further studies were focused on the specific effects of protease S and RNase. These enzymes did not mediate suppression of 1-MeAd-induced meiosis by reduction of oocyte viability or alteration of the activity of the 1-MeAd molecule itself. The effects of protease S and RNase digestion were reversed after about 30–90 min if the oocytes were washed free of enzyme, and this process was not sensitive to emetine or actinomycin D. Experiments in which protease S or RNase incubation was begun at various times after 1-MeAd treatment revealed specific sensitivity periods for the two enzymes. The protease S sensitivity period terminated about 5 min after 1-MeAd treatment, whereas the RNase sensitivity period lasted until about 20 min after hormone addition. The results of these studies are discussed with respect to the presence of a 1-MeAd receptor at the oocyte surface.     

Mechanism of action of cytotoxic antibodies to adipocytes on adipose tissue, liver and food intake in the rat.

The aim of this study was to characterize in greater detail the effects of anti-(rat adipocyte plasma membrane) antisera (A/S 83 and A/S 164) that had previously been shown to cause large reductions in total body fat. Both antisera produced lymphocytic infiltration of adipose tissue and reduction of adipocyte numbers seven days after treatment as well as a reduction in food intake and body weight on the first day of treatment. In addition A/S 164 produced a sedative effect for 2-4 h after treatment and induced gross abnormalities of the liver after seven days. Antibody-mediated complement activation was shown to be a critical requirement for all of these effects since animals treated with cobra venom factor (CVF) to deplete serum complement levels showed none of the described effects. Further evidence in support of a role for complement was the large decrease in serum complement levels 12 h after antiserum treatment. The effects of A/S 164 on liver morphology could be successfully dissociated from those on adipose tissue by adsorption of the antiserum with liver membranes. The adsorbed antiserum, which retained in vitro reactivity with adipose tissue but not with liver, induced a significant reduction in adipose tissue mass in vivo whilst the effect on liver morphology was almost completely abolished. Serum free fatty acid and triglyceride levels increased 6-24 h after treatment but then returned to normal, suggesting a very transient release of adipose tissue triglycerides. These results indicate that complement activation is a common pathway for all of the effects produced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Saccharomyces boulardii upgrades cellular adaptation after proximal enterectomy in rats

BACKGROUND: Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast which exerts trophic effects on human and rat small intestinal mucosa. AIMS: To examine the effects of S boulardii on ileal adaptation after proximal enterectomy in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats, aged eight weeks, underwent 60% proximal resection or transection and received by orogastric intubation either 1 mg/g body wt per day lyophilised S boulardii or the vehicle for seven days. The effects on ileal mucosal adaptation were assessed eight days after surgery. RESULTS: Compared with transection, resection resulted in mucosal hyperplasia with significant decreases in the specific and total activities of sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Treatment of resected animals with S boulardii had no effect on mucosal hyperplasia but did upgrade disaccharidase activities to the levels of the transected group. Enzyme stimulation by S boulardii was associated with significant increases in diamine oxidase activity and mucosal polyamine concentrations. Likewise, sodium dependent D-glucose uptake by brush border membrane vesicles, measured as a function of time and glucose concentration in the incubation medium, was significantly (p<0.05) increased by 81% and three times respectively in the resected group treated with S boulardii. In agreement with this, expression of the sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 in brush border membranes of resected rats treated with S boulardii was enhanced twofold compared with resected controls. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of S boulardii soon after proximal enterectomy improves functional adaptation of the remnant ileum.     

Growth of colorectal carcinoma cells: regulation in vitro by gastrin,pentagastrin and the gastrin-receptor antagonist proglumide

Summary The growth-regulating effects of pentagastrin, gastrin and the gastrin-receptor antagonist proglumide were investigated in three established cell lines derived from human colorectal carcinomas in vitro and after transplantation into nude mice. In vitro a significant increase of cell growth in the SW 403 cell line incubated with pentagastrin or gastrin was observed. In the Lovo cell line this effect was only detected after synchronization of cell growth. Pentagastrin and gastrin had no effect on the growth of the Ls 174 T cell line. Proglumide reduced cell proliferation in all three cell lines as well as in the L929S cell line derived from fibroblasts, which served as control. After transplantation into nude mice all tumor cell lines increased, Love and Ls 174 T as undifferentiated tumor, SW 403 as differentiated. Pentagastrin increased and proglumide decreased growth in SW 403 tumors, whereas no effect was observed on Ls 174 T and Lovo tumors. We therefore conclude that growth of some colorectal carcinomas is regulated by gastrin, but that the effect of proglumide is unspecific rather than related to blockage of gastrin receptors. The growth-regulating effect of gastrin could be due to tumor differentiation.Abbreviations CEA carcinoembryonic antigen Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG EG 1/1-88)     

新疆不同地区杜氏利什曼原虫抗原制备及应用研究

目的用从新疆不同地区分离得到的利什曼原虫前鞭毛体提取抗原,观察ELISA法检测黑热病病人和疫区健康人血清抗体时的敏感性和特异性,为制备ELISA诊断试剂盒和进一步提高这种检测方法的敏感性和特异性,提高黑热病现场流行病学调查结果的准确性和可靠性提供实验依据。方法(1)抗原提取:收集新疆不同地区分离得到的利什曼原虫前鞭毛体,常规方法提取抗原,滴定出抗原工作浓度。(2)检测:用提取的3株抗原,测定黑热病病人和疫区健康人血清抗体。结果3株抗原检测24份肺结核病人血清,均为阴性;3株抗原分别检测60份非疫区健康人血清801株和951株的检测结果均为阴性,901株检测出1份阳性(临界值);3株抗原分别检测131份黑热病病人血清,阳性率分别为:901株(80.9%)、801株(92.3%)、951株(89.9%)。801株明显高于901株。3株抗原分别检测334份疫区健康人血清,901株(10.5%)明显高于801株(6.0%)和951株(5.1%),有显著差异。按不同地区人群阳性率比较,3株抗原检测巴楚县人群阳性率有显著差异,901株(18.8%)与951株(8.5%)有显著差异,乌什县人群阳性率无显著差异;按不同年龄组的人群阳性率比较,3株抗原在每个年龄组的阳性率无显著差异。结论利什曼原虫前鞭毛体抗原有较好的稳定性,耐热性极好;901株、801株抗原的敏感性、特异性较好,可做为新疆血清流行病学调查所用的抗原株;801株的特异性更好,可用于黑热病的特异性抗体的检测及研究。     

Effects of metformin on insulin resistance after injury in the rat

Summary Hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance occur after injury. The effects of the antidiabetic biguanide metformin in injured rats have been studied in order to elucidate the cause of these effects. Metformin (120 mg/kg S. C.) produced a significant hypoglycaemic effect after a 20% dorsal scald but did not affect the blood glucose concentration in non-injured rats. The hypoglycaemic effect did not result from increased insulin secretion. It was associated with a reduction in liver glycogen and an increase in blood lactate concentrations, suggesting that the drug acted by promoting peripheral glucose utilization. This was confirmed by measuring the clearance rate coefficient of [5-³H]glucose. This rate coefficient was significantly increased by metformin treatment (140 mg/kg S. C.) in scalded rats, although it was not affected in non-injured rats. Intravenous glucose tolerance in scalded rats was not improved, probably because of the increased lactate concentration. Metformin (120–160 mg/kg) also produced a hypoglycaemic effect in rats after a 4 hrs period of bilateral hind-limb ischaemia, suggesting that similar metabolic changes occur after these two types of injury.     

Time dependence of defibrillator benefit after coronary revascularization in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II.

OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to assess the effect of elapsed time from coronary revascularization (CR) on the benefit of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. BACKGROUND: The ICD improves survival in appropriately selected high-risk cardiac patients by 30% to 54%. However, in the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)-Patch trial no evidence of improved survival was shown among a similar population of patients in whom an ICD was implanted prophylactically at the time of elective CABG. METHODS: The outcome by time from CR was analyzed in 951 patients in whom a revascularization procedure was performed before enrollment in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of ICD versus conventional therapy was 0.64 (p = 0.01) among patients enrolled more than six months after CR, whereas no survival benefit with ICD therapy was shown among patients enrolled six months or earlier after CR (HR = 1.19; p = 0.76). In the conventional therapy group, the risk of cardiac death increased significantly with increasing time from CR (p for trend = 0.009), corresponding mainly to a six-fold increase in the risk of SCD among patients enrolled more than six months after CR. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction, the efficacy of ICD therapy after CR is time dependent, with a significant life-saving benefit in patients receiving device implantation more than six months after CR. The lack of ICD benefit when implanted early after CR may be related to a relatively low risk of SCD during this time period.     

Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on jejunal secretion in rats induced by cholera toxin

The effects of a suspension of Saccharomyces boulardii cells on water and sodium secretion induced by cholera toxin was measured in male Wistar rats weighing 220-260 g, using the isolated jejunal loop technique. Concentrations per ml of 3.1 X 10(9), 2.1 X 10(9) and 0.7 X 10(9) viable cells and 3.1 X 10(9) cells killed by irradiation or heating respectively were tested. At this last concentration, the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the suspension of living cells or of cells killed by irradiation was also tested. Four 10 cm-long loops, the first one beginning at the angle of Treitz, were isolated: the first two loops with and without S. boulardii, the other two (previously incubated with cholera toxin for 3 h) with and without the cells. Each loop contained 1.5 ml of test solution or suspension. S. boulardii living cells had no effect on water and sodium basal intestinal transport but significantly reduced water and sodium secretion induced by cholera toxin within 20 min. Irradiation and heating did not abolish this antisecretory effect while the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of living or irradiated cell suspensions had no inhibitory effect.     

Lack of Effects of Maternal Salt Intake on Blood Pressure of Offspring in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

Inbred Dahl salt sensitive (S/JR) and salt resistant (R/JR) rats were used to look for effects of varying maternal intake of salt (NaC1) on the blood pressure of the offspring. Neither the blood pressure at weaning nor the blood pressure response to postweaning high salt diet of S/JR or R/JR rat pups was affected whether their mothers had eaten high salt (8% NaCl) or low salt (0.15% NaCl) diet during gestation. Similarly, maternal salt intake during lactation had no effect on the blood pressure of the offspring at weaning or the blood pressure response to salt feeding after weaning. Na⁺ was higher and K⁺ was lower in milk of S/JR compared to R/JR mothers during the last half of the lactation period, but dietary salt intake did not influence milk Na⁺ or K⁺. Previous cross-fostering experiments show that this strain difference in milk electrolytes does not influence S pups blood pressure. It is concluded that neither maternal salt intake nor the existing changes in milk Na⁺ have any influence on the blood pressure of Dahl salt sensitive rat pups in contrast to the marked effects of salt intake in these rats after weaning.     

Effect of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine on the protein C/protein S anticoagulation system.

Phosphatidylserine is known to significantly accelerate the blood coagulation reaction. In a previous communication submitted for publication, we demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine showed effects on the blood coagulation reaction using the factor Xa-prothrombin reaction system, and discuss a new function of membrane phospholipids. The present study examined the role of phospholipids in the blood coagulation regulatory reaction (anticoagulation system), by studying the effects of phospholipids on the protein C/protein S reaction. We have established quantitative methods for measuring activated protein C activity and protein S activity, and used them to measure their activity after the addition of liposomes with different phospholipid compositions. We found that phosphatidylcholine inhibited activated protein C and protein S activities in a dose-dependent manner, as in the factor Xa-prothrombin reaction system. On the other hand, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine showed no effect on activated protein C activity. Phosphatidylethanolamine inhibited and lysophosphatidylcholine accelerated coagulation activity in the factor Xa-prothrombin system, but such effects were not observed in the protein C/protein S reaction system. The coagulation and anticoagulation reactions are exquisitely balanced by thrombin, with a role both as a procoagulant and anticoagulant. Therefore, it is understandable that phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine show different effects in the factor Xa-prothrombin and protein C/protein S reaction systems. It appears that coagulation and anticoagulation reactions are co-ordinated and controlled by changes in phospholipid composition of the cellular membrane where the coagulation reaction takes place.