乳腺脂肪坏死的X线和超声诊断

目的探讨乳腺脂肪坏死的X线及B超表现，提高对本病影像诊断的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析25例经手术、病理证实的乳腺脂肪坏死X线平片及超声声像图表现。结果X线片表现：(1)双侧乳腺结构、密度不对称10例；(2)淡薄片影3例；(3)有毛刺的结节5例；(4)X线片无阳性发现5例。超声声像图表现：(1)16例(16／17，94．1％)非医源性脂肪坏死病灶位于皮下脂肪层；(2)结节回声高低不一(高、低、无)；(3)彩色Doppler超声病灶无血流信号8例。结论乳腺脂肪坏死根据其病因和时期，其影像表现多种多样。X线与B超检查结合，本组有65％可排除乳腺癌的诊断。位于乳腺脂肪层内的网状片影或有毛刺的结节首先考虑脂肪坏死的可能，紧密结合临床病史，可提高本病诊断准确性。     

Fat necrosis of the breast: clinical, mammographic and sonographic features

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this study was to describe and quantitate the clinical, mammographic and sonographic (US) features and to evaluate the evolution of fat necrosis in the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective review of the clinical, mammographic and US findings of 126 fat necrosis lesions in 94 patients, diagnosed between 1989 and 1999, was done. All the cases included in the study had at least 3 years follow-up mammograms. In addition, 48 patients with a total of 62 fat necrosis lesions, also had an US follow-up. Fat necrosis was diagnosed on the basis of histologic (n=25) and initial or follow-up imaging (n=69) findings. RESULTS: the predominant mammographic features of the 114 lesions apparent on mammograms were radiolucent oil cyst (n=34, 26.9%), round opacity (n=16, 12.6%), asymmetrical opacity or heterogenicity of the subcutaneous tissues (n=20, 15.8%), dystrophic calcifications (n=34, 26.9%), clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications (n=5, 3.9%), and suspicious speculated mass (n=5, 3.9%). In five patients with 12 (9.5%) palpable masses, mammograms were normal. The predominant US features of the 112 lesions apparent on sonograms were solid (n=18, 14.2%), anechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement (n=21, 16.6%), anechoic with posterior acoustic shadowing (n=20, 15.8%), cystic with internal echoes (n=14, 11.1%), cystic with mural nodule (n=5, 3.9%) and increased echogenicity of the subcutaneous tissues (n=34, 26.9%). In five patients with 14 (11.1%) lesions, sonographic examination was normal. Mammographic follow-up showed that five of the radiolucent oil cysts developed curvilinear calcifications, six of the round opacities decreased in size and density, and another two disappeared. Eleven of the dystrophic calcifications became even more coarse. Six of the asymmetrical opacities became vague and one developed an oil cyst and coarse calcifications. The only nonoperated speculated mass developed a typical small radiolucent oil cyst in the centre. US follow-up showed that 18 of the 29 increased subcutaneous tissue echogenicity turned back to normal, while in the remaining 11 small cysts formed. In 19 solid appearing masses, 15 showed decrease in size, while four remained stable (biopsy disclosed fat necrosis). The four complex masses in two patients showed increase in size and appeared more cystic (FNAB was consistent with fat necrosis). CONCLUSION: a spectrum of imaging findings is associated with fat necrosis. Knowledge of the mammographic and US appearance and evolution of these patterns may enable imaging follow-up of these lesions, reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies.     

乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现及病理对照研究

目的 探讨乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现及病理基础，提高对脂肪坏死的认识。方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的91例（其中2例为双侧乳腺脂肪坏死，共93个病变。）脂肪坏死X线表现，并与病理结果对照。结果 主要X线表现：（1）无任何异常X线发现14例（15．4％）；（2）脂性囊肿6例（6．6％）；（3）表现为肿物20例（22．0％），其中1例为双侧乳腺脂肪坏死；（4）表现为小结节13例（14．3％）；（5）脂肪层内星芒影、斑片影、索条影混杂出现28例（30．8％），其中1例为双侧乳腺脂肪坏死；（6）脂肪层内索条影交织呈网状5例（5．5％）；（7）结构不良者5例（5．5％）。分布部位：（1）位于脂肪层内55例；（2）向脂肪层突出或位于脂肪层与腺体交界处13例，常规位摄片位于脂肪层与腺体交界处的脂肪坏死，切线位投照有利于将病变显示于脂肪层内；（3）位于腺体之间9例；（4）乳腺平片未见异常发现14例。病理表现：（1）脂性囊肿是病变早期的特征性X线表现。（2）脂肪层内不均匀密度肿物影或小结节影为病变中期的特征性表现，反应了纤维组织逐渐替代了液化坏死的脂肪组织。（3）脂肪层内或浅层腺体内局限星芒状致密影以及不规则的网状影最常见，是病变后期的特征性表现。反应了坏死脂肪组织被吸收，周围残留部分纤维组织。通常不同病理时期的X线表现常同时出现。结论 乳腺X线摄影对于脂肪坏死具有重要诊断价值。     

The ultrasound aspect of the skin and subcutaneous fat layer in various benign and malignant breast conditions.

In a series of 260 consecutive X-ray mammography examinations in symptomatic patients, 25 patients proved to have breast cancer, and 41 had various benign breast conditions. In the 66 patients with abnormal mammograms a real-time ultrasound examination with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer and a fluid offset pad was performed. This paper focuses on the ultrasound aspect of the skin and the subcutaneous fat layer in various benign and malignant breast conditions. In most of the malignant tumors studied as well as in cases of fat necrosis and breast abscesses, the following ultrasound signs were encountered: discontinuity of the sharp echogenic subcutaneous specular reflector, thickening of the skin, and locally increased echogenicity of the subcutaneous fat layer. In breast cancer these signs were seen in some patients with small tumors, in deeply located tumors as well as in patients with no skin retraction on clinical examination. The differential diagnosis between cancer and benign breast tumors cannot be based upon the ultrasound aspect of the skin and subcutaneous fat layer alone. X-ray mammography as well as clinical criteria and anamnestic factors should be used for the diagnosis of breast abscesses (calor, rubor, tumor, dolor) and for the diagnosis of fat necrosis (surgery, trauma).     

Mucinous (colloid) breast cancer: mammographic and US features with histologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: Mucinous carcinoma of the breast presents with different survival rates in pure and mixed types. The purpose of this study was to correlate the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of mucinous carcinoma with histologic features in different types and mucin rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients (2.3%) had mucinous cancer after retrospective review of the 1439 breast cancers diagnosed between 1990 and 1996. Twenty-seven patients, 19 pure and eight mixed type of mucinous carcinomas of the breast, were included in this study to evaluate the imaging findings. In 22 of these, the microscopic slides were available and re-evaluated to estimate the volume of extracellular mucin. The volume of the extracellular mucin was classified histologically as: (+), less than 50% of mucin; (++), 50-80% of mucin; and ( ), more than 80% of mucin. Mammographic features with emphasis on margin characteristics and sonographic echo pattern of tumors were correlated with histologic findings. RESULTS: Ten cases (53%) of pure mucinous type carcinomas had a circumscribed mass lesion on the mammograms. The well-defined, lobulated margins of the masses were well correlated with pure histologic type (P<0.01; chi(2) analysis) Two-thirds of these tumors had high volume extracellular mucin. All mixed type mucinous carcinomas demonstrated poorly defined or spiculated margins with no relation to the mucin rates (P<0.01). The sonographic appearances of the tumors showed correlation with histologic types. Most of the pure type carcinomas (53%) were seen with isoechogenic echo texture relative to that of subcutaneous fat, while all of the mixed type carcinomas were hypoechogenic (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The mammographic and sonographic features of mucinous breast carcinoma show differences in pure and mixed types of the tumor. The most common mammographic appearance of pure mucinous carcinomas with high percentages of mucin is a mass lesion having well-defined margins, which is isoechogenic relative to fat on the sonographic examination. Pure type of carcinomas with small percentages of mucin and mixed type carcinomas have more aggressive imaging characteristics.     

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: radiologic appearance

Objective. Granuloma annulare is an uncommon benign inflammatory dermatosis characterized by the formation of dermal papules with a tendency to form rings. There are several clinically distinct forms. The subcutaneous form is the most frequently encountered by radiologists, with the lesion presenting as a superficial mass. There are only a few scattered reports of the imaging appearance of this entity in the literature. We report the radiologic appearance of five cases of subcutaneous granuloma annulare. Design and patients. The radiologic images of five patients (three male, two female) with subcutaneous granuloma annulare were retrospectively studied. Mean patient age was 6.4 years (range, 2–13 years). The lesions occurred in the lower leg (two), foot, forearm, and hand. MR images were available for all lesions, gadolinium-enhanced imaging in three cases, radiographs in four, and bone scintigraphy in one. Results. Radiographs showed unmineralized nodular masses localized to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The size range, in greatest dimension on imaging studies, was 1–4 cm. MR images show a mass with relatively decreased signal intensity on all pulse sequences, with variable but generally relatively well defined margins. There was extensive diffuse enhancement following gadolinium administration. Conclusion. The radiologic appearance of subcutaneous granuloma annulare is characteristic, typically demonstrating a nodular soft-tissue mass involving the subcutaneous adipose tissue. MR images show a mass with relatively decreased signal intensity on all pulse sequences and variable but generally well defined margins. There is extensive diffuse enhancement following gadolinium administration. Radiographs show a soft-tissue mass or soft-tissue swelling without evidence of bone involvement or mineralization. This radiologic appearance in a young individual is highly suggestive of subcutaneous granuloma annulare.     

Lupus panniculitis involving the breast

Lupus panniculitis is an unusual immunological disease that characteristically affects the subcutaneous fat and occurs in 2% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We report a case of lupus panniculitis involving the breast, which represents a very uncommon location. Mammographically, it presented as a suspicious irregular mass involving the subcutaneous fat pad with skin thickening. High echogenicity constituted the most relevant sonographic finding. To the best of our knowledge, the magnetic resonance (MR) features have not been previously described. High signal intensity was found on both T1- and T2-weighted precontrast MR images. A dynamic contrast-enhanced study revealed a suspicious focal mass with irregular margins and rim enhancement, with a type 3 time-signal intensity curve. Differential diagnosis with carcinoma and fat necrosis and the value of core biopsy are discussed.     

Full-Dose Intraoperative Radiotherapy with Electrons in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of applying exclusive intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) after conservative surgery in limited-stage breast carcinoma and to evaluate late effects and cosmetic results after this new conservative treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 2000 to November 2002, 47 consecutive patients with unifocal breast carcinoma up to a diameter of 2 cm received conservative surgery followed by IORT with electrons as the sole adjuvant local therapy. Three different dose levels were used: 20 Gy (seven patients), 22 Gy (20 patients), and 24 Gy (20 patients). Patients were evaluated using RTOG/EORTC scale to assess the incidence of late complications. During follow-up, a radiologic assessment with mammography and sonography was periodically performed and any breast-imaging alterations were reported. RESULTS: After a follow-up ranging from 36 to 63 months (median, 48 months), 15 patients developed breast fibrosis (grade 2 in 14 patients, grade 3 in one patient), two patients presented with grade 3 skin changes, one patient developed a clinically relevant fat necrosis, and one patient showed breast edema and pain. Two patients developed contralateral breast cancer and one distant metastases; no local relapses occurred. Asymptomatic findings of fat necrosis were observed at mammography in twelve patients (25.5%), while an hypoechoic area was revealed by sonography in ten patients (21.5%). In four patients (8%), mammographic and sonographic findings suggested malignant lesions and required a rebiopsy to confirm the benign nature of the lesion. CONCLUSION: IORT in breast carcinoma is still an experimental treatment option for select patients with breast cancer and its application should be restricted to prospective trials. Although preliminary data on local control are encouraging, a longer follow-up is needed to confirm the efficacy of IORT in breast cancer and to exclude that severe late complications compromise the cosmetic results or modify the radiologic breast appearance during follow-up increasing the need for additional investigations.     

Can we be sure about a radiological diagnosis of fat necrosis of the breast?

AIMS: We performed a review of the clinical, mammographic and sonographic findings of fat necrosis in a group of patients who presented with a lump in the breast. We aimed to show that, in the light of a non-specific combination of findings, an ultrasound-guided core-biopsy (CB) is a safe, quick and useful test to confirm the diagnosis. The procedure makes it possible to reassure the patient of the true identity of the lesion, thus avoiding the need for surgical excision or follow-up investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of the clinical presentation, imaging findings and subsequent management of 23 histologically proven cases of fat necrosis. All patients had presented to a specialist breast clinic with a breast lump. RESULTS: Only 52% of patients had a definite history of trauma. Clinical examination intimated that the lump was possibly malignant in 22%, while 4.5% were probably malignant. Fifty-seven per cent of mammograms were completely normal, however ultrasound showed an abnormality in 100%. Of these 100%, 74% were interpreted as possibly malignant. The diagnosis of fat necrosis was histologically confirmed by ultrasound-guided needle core biopsy, performed at the time of initial presentation. All patients were subsequently discharged. The mean time interval from investigation and biopsy to final diagnosis and discharge of the patient was 5.9 days. CONCLUSION: We show that fat necrosis often has a confusing clinical presentation. Imaging by either mammography or ultrasound is often inconclusive and ultrasound-guided core biopsy will confirm the diagnosis sparing patients unnecessary radiological follow-up or surgical excision.     

Sonographic findings in ischemic colitis in 58 patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic findings of 58 patients with proven ischemic colitis and to evaluate whether any of the findings are related to the presence or development of transmural necrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the histories of patients diagnosed with ischemic colitis over a period of 5.5 years. Sixty-two patients had undergone sonographic examinations. The spectrum of sonographic findings in ischemic colitis was based on the original imaging report, with an analysis of the presence of colonic abnormalities and their associated alterations. In the second part of the study, we divided the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of transmural necrosis, and the sonographic findings of each group were compared. Ten patients had sonographic follow-up studies during their hospital stay. RESULTS: The prospective sensitivity of sonography for the characterization of colonic abnormalities was 93.5% (58/62 patients). Segmental involvement was detected in 57 of the 58 patients, with left-sided colitis in 47 (81%). The mean length of bowel involved was 19 cm, with a mean wall thickness of 7.6 mm. Colon wall stratification was preserved in 38 patients (66%). Altered pericolic fat was observed in 16 patients (28%). Absence of or barely visible color Doppler flow in the thickened bowel wall was recorded in 80% of patients. Altered pericolic fat was the only sonographic variable significantly associated with the presence of transmural necrosis (p = 0.004). Improvement as assessed on sonography was observed in all patients with a good clinical course. In patients with transmural necrosis, sonography did not show improvement. CONCLUSION: Sonography is a valuable technique for the detection of colonic abnormalities resulting from ischemic colitis. In this study, altered pericolic fat or the absence of improvement in sonographic follow-up studies were factors associated with transmural necrosis.     

Seat belt injury of the breast: MR mammographic follow-up

Fat necrosis of the breast is a benign inflammatory process that most commonly occurs as the result of breast trauma. The radiographic and clinical significance of fat necrosis of the breast is that it may mimic a malignancy. We report mammographic, sonographic and MR imaging findings and evolution of the lesions located along the seat-belt line in a case of fat necrosis of the breast after a car accident.     

Early mammographic and sonographic findings after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as a boost in patients with breast cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate mammographic and sonographic changes at the surgical site within the first 2 years after IORT as a boost followed by whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT), compared with a control group treated with WBRT alone. All patients had breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer. Group A: n = 27, IORT (20 Gy) followed by WBRT (46 Gy). Group B (control group): n = 27, WBRT alone (56-66 Gy). Mammography: fat necrosis in 14 group A versus four group B patients (P < 0.001); parenchymal scarring classified as unorganized at the last follow-up in 16 vs seven cases, respectively (P = 0.03). Ultrasound: overall number of patients with circumscribed findings 27 vs 18 (P < 0.001); particular hematomas/seromas in 26 vs 13 patients (P < 0.001). Synopsis of mammography and ultrasound: overall postoperative changes were significantly higher classified in group A (P = 0.01), but not judged to have a significantly higher impact on interpretation. Additional diagnostic procedures, due to unclear findings at the surgical site, were performed on four patients of both groups. Within the first 2 years after IORT as a boost, therapy-induced changes at the original tumor site are significantly more pronounced compared with a control group. There is no evidence that the interpretation of findings is complicated after IORT.     

乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨乳腺脂肪坏死的X线诊断及其鉴别诊断,提高脂肪坏死的认识,减少误诊。方法:回顾性分析58例经病理证实的乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现。结果:乳腺脂肪坏死根据其病因及时期X线表现多种多样:①无任何阳性X线表现9例;②脂性囊肿5例;③肿物11例;④结节2例;⑤不对称致密4例;⑥斑片影5例;⑦脂肪层内星芒状、索条状、网状影18例;⑧结构扭曲2例;⑨颗粒状、片状不规则钙化、多形性钙化2例。在多种多样的X线表现中,腺体内的脂性囊肿及皮下脂肪层内的局限星芒状、索条状、不规则网状影为脂肪坏死的特征性表现。结论:乳腺X线检查对脂肪坏死具有重要的诊断价值。认真询问病史(如外伤、手术及炎症史等),对本病有重要帮助。     

Quadriceps fat pad edema: significance on magnetic resonance images of the knee

Objective While clinically reading magnetic resonance (MR) images of the knees we have occasionally noted edema within the suprapatellar fat pad, with mass effect both on the suprapatellar joint recess posteriorly, and on the quadriceps tendon anteriorly. This MR appearance is analogous to Hoffa’s disease described in the infrapatellar fat pad. We sought to evaluate the frequency and pattern of this finding and to provide clinical and histological correlation. Patients The suprapatellar (quadriceps) fat pad was evaluated in 770 consecutive MR examinations (on 1.5 T and 0.3 T) in 736 patients (353 females and 383 males, age range 5–86 years, mean 44.3 years). Design The MR images were retrospectively evaluated by two observers in consensus for the presence of quadriceps fat pad edema with mass effect. In 46 patients who had intravenous administration of gadolinium, the presence of enhancement was also evaluated. Clinical correlation was performed in abnormal cases; in one patient, 1-year follow-up MRI was evaluated and in one patient a percutaneous biopsy as well as 2-year clinical follow-up was performed. Results Thirty-two (4.2%) knees in 29 patients showed quadriceps fat pad edema and mass effect. In five of these patients imaging of the contralateral knee was also performed and four of these showed symmetric edema. Another five cases had gadolinium-enhanced images with prominent enhancement. Most patients had clinical symptoms of meniscal tears (n=16, 55%) or anterior knee pain (n=8, 27.6%). The remainder had nonspecific pain (n=4, 13.8%) or suspected avascular necrosis (n=1, 3.4%). In the case with 1-year follow-up MRI, improvement was seen. Biopsy in another patient revealed vasculitis with obliteration of the small vessels. Resection of the fat pad in this patient led to complete resolution of the symptoms. Conclusion Suprapatellar fat pad edema may be analogous to Hoffa’s disease, is rare, and may be a cause of anterior knee pain. However, this finding is not infrequent and its precise association with symptoms remains unclear. The study was done when all authors worked at Thomas Jefferson Medical College.     

超声“漩涡征”诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转

目的 探讨超声“漩涡征”诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的可行性及临床意义.资料与方法 2006-07～2010-08共468例临床有急性和间歇性低位腹痛症状且超声发现有卵巢肿块的患者,其中24例怀疑卵巢囊肿蒂扭转且存在超声“漩涡征”,分析其二维超声特点,采用彩色多普勒超声观察蒂内血流并初步预测卵巢功能.结果 23例经手术证实为蒂扭转,1例为卵巢囊肿合并输卵管积液,超声“漩涡征”诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的敏感性为100％,特异性为99.7％.23例患者扭转的蒂有3种超声表现:①13例呈“靶环样”表现;②6例呈“蜗牛壳样”表现;③4例表现为低回声圆形肿块.彩色多普勒超声发现10例患者扭转的血管蒂中无血流信号,4例患者血管蒂近端可见动脉血流频谱,术中发现此14例卵巢广泛坏死,行卵巢切除术.4例患者血管蒂远端可见动脉血流频谱,其中2例卵巢坏死,行卵巢切除术;2例卵巢复位后存活.5例患者蒂内既可见动脉频谱又可见静脉频谱,卵巢复位后都存活.结论 超声“漩涡征”诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转特异性高,结合多普勒超声检查可初步预测卵巢存活情况.     

Fat Necrosis after Conserving Surgery and Interstitial Brachytherapy and/or External-Beam Irradiation in Women with Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of fat necrosis, breast tissue fibrosis and breast pain after conserving surgery and accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI, group A), whole-breast external-beam irradiation (EBRT, group B), or EBRT combined with an interstitial boost (EBIB, group C) in women with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 85 patients who received breast-conserving therapy from 02/2000 to 03/2002 were analyzed. 30 patients received EBRT, 33 patients APBI, and 22 patients EBIB. Median follow-up was 35.5, 35.0, and 37.5 months, respectively. Fat necrosis was detected and rated by mammograms, fibrosis and pain were clinically rated with the LENT-SOMA scores. RESULTS: The incidence of fat necrosis was 15.3% for all patients; and 15.2%, 20.0%, and 9.0% for groups A, B, and C, respectively. The 3-year fat necrosis-free survival probability was 83%, 76%, and 95% (difference not significant). The mean time to first diagnosis of fat necrosis was 25.6, 26.2, and 26.0 months. No patient needed surgical intervention because of fat necrosis-related pain. Fibrosis was present in 27.3%, 63.3%, and 77.3% (p < 0.001), breast pain in 9.0%, 33.4%, and 18.1% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic fat necrosis is a common finding after both percutaneous and interstitial irradiation after breast-conserving surgery. This analysis did not support the hypothesis that APBI with multicatheter implants leads to higher rates of fat necrosis, fibrosis, or pain.     

Fat necrosis

 We report the MR appearance of a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis, which is a previously unreported etiology for knee mass. The role of MR imaging in differentiating fat necrosis from other causes of soft tissue masses is discussed. We conclude that MR characteristics of subcutaneous fat necrosis are typical and allow its differentiation from other types of soft tissue lesions.     

Imaging findings in mucinous breast carcinoma and correlating factors

Objective

To investigate the factors influencing mammographic and sonographic features of mucinous breast carcinoma.

Materials and methods

Forty-six patients diagnosed as mucinous breast carcinoma between March 2005 and April 2009 were studied. Mammographies of all patients and sonographies of 41 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Microscopic slides were re-evaluated by a pathologist in order to estimate the volume of extracellular mucus which was classified as: (+), less than 50% of mucus; (++), 50–80% of mucus; and (+++), more than 80% of mucus.

Results

Thirty-one (61.3%) cases of pure mucinous type and 2 (33.3%) of mixed mucinous carcinoma presented as masses had well-defined margins on mammography. No correlation was found between margin characteristics and histological type as well as extracellular mucus rates. Denser breasts and young age group had significantly higher ratios of tumors presented with ill-defined masses than its counterpart. Sonographically, 100% lesions showed a hypoechoic lesion, 76.5% lesions in pure type and 71.4% lesions in mixed type showed a heterogeneous internal echo. No correlation was found between sonographic findings and histological type as well as extracellular mucus rates. Lesions with >40 positivity PCNA had higher ratio presented as ill-defined margins than those of ≤40% positivity PCNA.

Conclusions

The most common appearance of mucinous breast carcinoma is a mass on mammography and a hypoechoic lesion with heterogeneous internal echo on sonography. Mammographic margins and sonographic findings have no relation with histological type and extracellular mucus rate. Mammographic margin features are correlated with breast density and age and PCNA.     

乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现

目的探讨乳腺脂肪坏死影像学表现。方法9例病理证实的乳腺脂肪坏死病例,均有钼靶片,3例行CT检查,对其影像学表现进行回顾性分析。结果7例腺体外型表现为:随机分布纤维条索影和小结节样高密度影与脂肪密度影混杂存在;2例腺体内型表现为:规则和不规则肿物影。结论影像学检查较临床检查在鉴别脂肪坏死和乳腺癌方面更有价值。随机分布纤维条索影和小结节样高密度影与脂肪密度影混杂存在是乳腺脂肪坏死的典型表现。