Spread of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W Clone,China

During February 2011–June 2012, invasive infection with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W was identified in 11 persons in southeastern China. All isolates tested had matching or near-matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and belonged to multilocus sequence type 11. The epidemiologic investigation suggested recent transmission of this clonal complex in southeastern China.     

2010年绵阳市男男性行为人群艾滋病哨点监测

目的了解男男性行为人群艾滋病相关知识、行为及生物学现状,为开展健康教育和行为干预提供依据。方法在绵阳城区采用活动场所招募、网络招募等方法招募男男性行为者419名,由经过培训的专业人员逐一进行问卷调查,并采血作HIV抗体、HCV抗体和梅毒抗体检测。结果调查男男性行为人群419名,艾滋病相关知识知晓率为94.57%;最近6个月与同性发生过肛交性行为358人(85.44%),每次都使用安全套170人(47.49%);有时使用167人(46.65%);从未使用21人(5.88%)。最近6个月与异性发生过性行为87人(20.76%),每次都使用安全套28人(32.18%);有时使用36人(41.38%);从未使用24人(27.59%)。HIV抗体阳性率6.68%;梅毒抗体阳性率7.42%;HCV抗体检测均为阴性。结论绵阳市男男性行为人群艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高,但坚持用套率仍然较低,安全性行为意识不强,存在知识与行为的分离。     

济南市男男性行为人群梅毒监测分析

摘要:目的　了解济南市男男性行为人群梅毒感染状况,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法　2009-2012年每年4-6月份,采用滚雪球抽样方法对男男性行为人群进行问卷调查并采集血液检测梅毒抗体。结果　2009-2012年共调查男男性行为人群1588人,梅毒阳性率分别是6.2%、6.0%、9.5%和15.0%（χ2＝25.29,P＜0.01）;2012年梅毒阳性率与2009年和2010年分别比较,有显著性升高。分层分析结果显示,21～30岁年龄组男男性行为人群梅毒感染率上升较快,由2009年的4.5%上升到2012年的14.5%,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝18.76,P＜0.01）。梅毒感染与有关因素分析显示,40岁以上年龄组（OR＝4.211,P＜0.01）、初中及以下文化程度者（OR＝2.387,P＜0.01）感染梅毒风险较大。结论　济南市男男性行为人群是梅毒感染高危人群,应重点加大21～30岁年龄组干预力度,控制梅毒的传播。     

泸州市男男性行为人群行为干预效果分析

目的 评价泸州市2009-2011年对男男性行为(MSM)人群进行健康教育和行为干预的效果,确定未来干预工作的重点方向.方法 采用“滚雪球”的方法对泸州市MSM人群进行行为干预,采用非概率抽样方法选取调查对象并进行问卷调查.结果 2009-2011年泸州市MSM人群接受健康教育和行为干预的比例分别为89.50％、97.75％和98.75％,呈上升趋势;艾滋病基本知识知晓率分别为94.25％、92.75％和92.50％,差异无统计学意义;最近1次与同性发生肛交性行为时使用安全套的比例分别为58.00％、84.46％和73.76％,最近1次发生商业性行为时使用安全套的比例分别为50.00％、64.00％和92.86％,最近1次与异性发生性行为时使用安全套的比例是80.85％、47.54％和75.00％.结论 泸州市MSM人群艾滋病基本知识知晓率较高,但坚持使用安全套比例较低.普遍存在感染艾滋病的高危行为与较高的艾滋病基本知识知晓水平严重分离的现象.     

Neisseria meningitidis ST-11 Clonal Complex,Chile 2012

Serogroup W Neisseria meningitidis was the main cause of invasive meningococcal disease in Chile during 2012. The case-fatality rate for this disease was higher than in previous years. Genotyping of meningococci isolated from case-patients identified the hypervirulent lineage W:P1.5,2:ST-11, which contained allele 22 of the fHbp gene.     

2006-2008年南宁市男男性接触者艾滋病及性传播疾病感染情况调查

目的了解南宁市男男性接触者的艾滋病（性病）感染情况,促进南宁市男男性接触者艾滋病（性病）防治工作。方法2006--2008年,对南宁市1316名男男性接触者进行调查,采血检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、梅毒抗体;取尿道拭子做沙眼依原体（CT）检测。结果2006--2008年被调查人员最近6个月肛交每次都使用安全套率分别为35．26％、43．23％、34．83％（2008年上半年）、45．07％（2008年下半年）,艾滋病病毒感染率为0．00％、0．88％、1．99％、2．43％,梅毒感染率分别为10．81％、10．62％、8．85％、11．70％。结论男男性接触者性传播疾病感染率较高,应继续加大力度开展健康促进活动,控制艾滋病病毒感染率在一个较低水平。     

Evaluation of Respondent-Driven Sampling in a Study of Urban Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Evidence suggests that respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is an efficient approach to sampling among varied populations of adult men who have sex with men (MSM) both in the USA and abroad, although no studies have yet evaluated its performance among younger MSM, a population with a steep rise in HIV infection in recent years. Young MSM (YMSM) may differ in terms of their connectedness to other YMSM (e.g., due to evolving sexual identity, internalization of sexual minority stigma, and lack of disclosure to others) and mobility (e.g., due to parental monitoring) which may inhibit the sampling process. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of RDS-based sampling among young urban MSM and to identify factors associated with recruitment success. We hypothesized that demographic, social, behavioral, and network factors, including racial/ethnic minority status, homelessness (i.e., as an indicator of socioeconomic marginalization), HIV-positive status, substance use problems, gay community connectedness, and network size would be positively related to recruitment productivity, while sexual minority stigmatization, environmental barriers (e.g., parental monitoring), and meeting sex partners on the internet (i.e., virtual venue) would be negatively related to recruitment productivity. Between December 2009 and February 2013, we used RDS to recruit a sample of 450 YMSM, ages 16–20. Findings suggest that the use of RDS for sampling among YMSM is challenging and may not be feasible based on the slow pace of recruitment and low recruitment productivity. A large number of seeds (38 % of the sample, n = 172) had to be added to the sample to maintain a reasonable pace of recruitment, which makes use of the sample for RDS-based population estimates questionable. In addition, the prevalence of short recruitment chains and segmentation in patterns of recruitment by race/ethnicity further hamper the network recruitment process. Thus, RDS was not particularly efficient in terms of the rate of recruitment or effective in generating a representative sample. Hypotheses regarding factors associated with recruitment success were supported for network size and internalized stigma (but not other factors), suggesting that participants with larger network sizes or high levels of internalized stigma may have more and less success recruiting others, respectively.     

Risk Factors for Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease during Outbreak among Men who Have Sex with Men,New York City,New York,USA

Risk factors for illness during a serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreak among men who have sex with men in New York City, New York, USA, in 2012–2013 included methamphetamine and cocaine use and sexually transmitted infections. Outbreak investigations should consider routinely capturing information regarding drug use and sex-related risk factors.     

济南市部分男性同性恋者艾滋病相关知识、危险行为与感染状况调查

[目的]了解济南市男性同性恋者艾滋病相关知识、危险行为与艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况,为行为干预提供依据.[方法]2005年,对济南市接受艾滋病病毒检测的45名男性同性恋者进行问卷调查并检测HIV抗体.[结果]调查45人,11项艾滋病知识的知晓率为57.8%,71.1%的人通过电视、报刊获取知识;77.7%有肛交性行为,每次肛交均使用安全套的占14.3%;45人中3人确认为HIV抗体阳性,其中1人为艾滋病病人.[结论]济南市男性同性恋者艾滋病相关知识知晓率不高,普遍存在危险性行为,安全套使用率低.     

Estimating the Number of Men Who Have Sex with Men by Race/Ethnicity at the County Level in Texas

This analysis presents a method for estimating the population of men who have sex with men (MSM) at the county and metropolitan area level in Texas. Surveillance data consistently demonstrate that MSM experience a high burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Numerous studies have shown that MSM are also vulnerable to many other health concerns such as suicide, substance abuse, domestic violence and assault, homelessness, and mental illness. However, compilation of rates of HIV, STIs, and other health issues is dependent on estimation of population denominators. In the absence of systematic, consistent, and direct assessment of sexual orientation and gender identity in national surveys, it is difficult to estimate the size of at-risk populations. Previous estimates at the national and state level have been calculated using varied methodologies. However, to date, statewide estimates at the county level have only been produced for the state of Florida. County-level and metropolitan area estimates of MSM population were produced using three modified models developed by Lieb et al. These models used data on population and same-sex households from the US Census, along with estimates of sexual behavior from the National Survey on Family Growth. These models produce an estimate of 599,683 MSM in Texas (6.4 % of the adult male population). Metropolitan areas with the highest percentage of MSM population include Dallas and Austin (10.3 and 9.8 %, respectively). County-level estimates of MSM population range from 1.0 to 12.9 %. These local estimates are critical to targeting vulnerable populations and effective allocation of resources for prevention and treatment programs.     

Longitudinal Associations between Police Harassment and Experiences of Violence among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in Six US Cities: the HPTN 061 Study

Interactions with the police may result in police brutality, particularly for people of color. Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) face disproportionate risk of police contact and may experience elevated violence risk. We measured longitudinal associations between discriminatory police harassment (DPH) and subsequent risk of a range of interpersonal violence experiences, including intimate partner violence (IPV). In this study, we estimated associations between DPH motivated by racism, homophobia, or both, and subsequent violent experiences (being physically harassed, hit, threatened with weapons, and intimate partner violence) among BMSM. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to control for demographic and behavioral factors. Among 1160 BMSM included at 12-month follow-up, experiencing DPH motivated by racism and homophobia was associated with over four times the odds of being threatened with violence (AOR 4.85, 95% CI 3.20, 7.33), four times the odds of or experiencing violence defined as being punched, kicked, or beaten, or having an object thrown at them (AOR 4.51, 95% CI 2.82, 7.19), and nearly three times the odds of physical partner abuse (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.69, 7.19). Findings suggest that for BMSM, DPH is associated with the threat and experience of violence, with a dose-response relationship between DPH motivated by one or more causes. Given that BMSM are a population particularly vulnerable to both police harassment related to race and sexual orientation and violence coupled with stigma, additional research evaluating mechanisms linking these associations is needed in order to develop additional supportive interventions.     

Knowledge,Attitudes, and Sexual Behaviors in HIV/AIDS and Predictors Affecting Condom Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Korea

ObjectivesIn South Korea, men who have sex with men (MSM) are rather understudied, but are known to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study was to access HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors, and to identify the factors of condom use in HIV prevention.MethodsWe recruited 1070 MSM in Korea, using the Internet to maximize the confidentiality of the MSM.ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported and sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the total sample was 10.7% and 2.7%, respectively. Factual knowledge and phobias regarding HIV/AIDS and self-efficacy were relatively high among the MSM. After controlling for age, education, marital status, and sexual identity, predictors of condom use at most recent anal sex included knowledge (OR = 1.25; p < 0.0001); self-efficacy (OR = 1.33; p = 0.02), additionally, having HIV testing (OR = 1.45; p = 0.02); and having a regular partner (OR = 0.53; p < 0.0001) were also positively associated with condom use.ConclusionThe intervention programs for MSM in Korea may need to take the idiosyncratic societal and cultural pressures of the region into consideration in order to reduce infection risk.     

郑州市男男性接触人群HIV/AIDS相关知识和行为的调查分析

目的 了解郑州市男男性接触人群的艾滋病相关知识和行为,为开展艾滋病防治工作提供依据. 方法 以郑州市男男性接触人群为调查对象,随机抽取194人进行横断面现场调查. 结果 郑州市男男性接触人群对艾滋病的传播途径问题回答的正确率较高,超过85％,对非传播途径问题回答的正确率较低.文化程度高的男男性接触人群艾滋病相关知识的回答正确率高于文化程度低的研究对象,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.该人群普遍存在高危性行为及双性性行为.84.4％研究对象最近六个月与同性发生过性行为,33.5％与同性发生性行为时从未使用过安全套,36.7％偶尔使用.33.5％研究对象最近六个月与异性发生过性行为,与异性有过性经历的研究对象中,坚持使用安全套的人占23.9％,绝大多数人从未使用或偶尔使用.94.5％的研究对象接受安全套宣传和发放,但接受艾滋病检测水平较低（45.4％）. 结论 郑州市男男性接触人群的艾滋病相关知识掌握较好,但仍存在高危性行为,需要进一步加强艾滋病健康教育,尤其是行为干预须进一步加强.     

Increase in Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men,England, 2014

Surveillance data from sexual health clinics indicate recent increases in sexually transmitted infections, particularly among men who have sex with men. The largest annual increase in syphilis diagnoses in a decade was reported in 2014. Less condom use may be the primary reason for these increases.     

2009年大连市男男性行为者艾滋病危险行为与HIV感染及影响因素调查

[目的]了解大连市男男性行为者（MSM）的性行为特征、艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况及其影响因素,为MSM人群行为干预工作提供依据。[方法]2009年4-6月,在大连市采用定向抽样方法,对402名MSM进问卷调查和HIV抗体检测。[结果]调查402人,最近半年发生同性肛交的357人,占88.81%。这357人中,同性肛交时安全套从未使用的占9.52%,有时使用的占35.29%,每次都用的占55.18%;付钱寻找男男性服务的占2.24%,平均2.38个性伴;提供商业男男性服务的占21.01%,平均服务17人。调查的402人中,最近半年发生异性性行为的136人,占33.83%。这136人中,安全套从未使用的占41.91%,有时使用的占21.32%,每次都用的占36.76%。检测402人,HIV抗体阳性检出率为4.48%,梅毒感染率为13.93%,有4名同时感染HIV和梅毒。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果,年龄大、未接受过艾滋病干预服务者是促进HIV感染的因素。[结论]MSM人群存在感染HIV的危险行为,艾滋病干预服务措施有效,中老年MSM是艾滋病预防控制工作的重点人群。     

2011年桂林市男男性行为人群艾滋病相关知识、行为及HIV/梅毒感染情况调查

[目的]了解桂林市男男性行为(MSM)人群艾滋病高危行为特征、艾滋病相关知识知晓情况及艾滋病病毒、梅毒、丙肝感染状况,为对该人群开展有效的干预工作提供理论依据。[方法]2011年3～7月,对桂林市区MSM聚集的酒吧、会所等活动场所的MSM人群进行问卷调查,并检测HIV抗体、梅毒抗体和丙肝抗体。[结果]调查MSM 408人,平均年龄33.47±5.80岁,高中以上文化占80.88%;艾滋病知识知晓率为95.34%。最近6个月有92.16%的人与男性发生过肛交性行为,最近1周肛交频率2.2次/周,性行为时每次都使用安全套的占99.47%;最近6个月有50.25%的MSM与女性发生过性关系,性行为时每次都使用安全套的占97.56%。艾滋病病毒抗体阳性率为2.45%,梅毒抗体阳性率为4.90%,丙肝抗体阳性率为0.74%。[结论]桂林市MSM人群艾滋病/性病感染率较高,艾滋病相关知识认知程度较高但仍存在高危行为。     

2010年济宁市男男性行为人群艾滋病/梅毒/丙肝感染情况及艾滋病相关知识行为调查

[目的]了解济宁市男男性行为人群(MSM)艾滋病/梅毒/丙肝的感染及相关知识知晓、行为情况,为该类人群的行为干预提供依据。[方法]2010年4~7月,对济宁市MSM监测哨点和济宁市疾病预防控制中心自愿咨询检测(VCT)门诊就诊的MSM人群进行问卷调查并检测HIV、梅毒、丙肝抗体。[结果]调查398人,HIV、梅毒、丙肝抗体阳性检出率分别为1.01%、2.76%、2.26%,艾滋病相关知识知晓率为83.92%,艾滋病知晓的334人中。HIV抗体阳性率为0.60%;不知晓的64人中,HIV抗体阳性率为3.13%(P>0.05)。83.67%的MSM最近6个月与男性发生过性行为,最近6个月与男性性伴发生肛交性行为时每次都使用安全套的占39.04%;27.02%的MSM与异性发生过性行为,最近6个月与异性发生过性行为时坚持使用安全套的占22.22%。最近1年接受过有关预防艾滋病服务的占87.19%;相关知识信息的主要来源为网络(占50.75%),报刊、书籍(占45.23%)。[结论]MSM人群是HIV及相关疾病感染的高危人群,且存在严重知行分离现象。     

Rapid Increase in Lymphogranuloma Venereum among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men,England, 2019

Incidence of lymphogranuloma venereum increased in England during 2018–2019, after a period of decline. Our retrospective analysis of national surveillance data identified a rapid increase in diagnoses among HIV-negative men who have sex with men. These findings indicate a need for sustained surveillance and targeted public health action.