老年糖尿病性视网膜病变与血浆内皮素—1的关系

目的：探讨血浆内皮素－1（ET1）与老年糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）发生与发展的关系。方法：应用放地对47例老年2型糖尿病患者和25例正常老年人血浆ET1水平进行检测和分析。结果：显示老年DR患者血浆ET1水平显著高于无DR者和正常对照组,且与DR严重程度呈正相关。结论：老年DR患者血浆DT1水平增高可能与老年DR的发生与进展有关。     

血清游离脂肪酸、TNF-α与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的研究2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血清游离脂肪酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化,探讨游离脂肪酸、TNF-α在DR中的作用。方法2型糖尿病(DM)组65例,根据是否合并视网膜病变分为单纯DM组35例,DR组30例,另选择28例同期健康体检者作为正常对照组。采用比色法测定血清游离脂肪酸、ELISA法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),并将DM组血清游离脂肪酸与TNF-α做相关性分析。结果单纯DM组与正常对照组比较,血清游离脂肪酸、TNF-α均增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。DR组较单纯DM组血清游离脂肪酸、TNF-α增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。DM组血清游离脂肪酸与TNF-α呈显著正相关。结论游离脂肪酸、TNF-α可能参与了DR的发生、发展。     

血清cICAM-1水平与2型糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病视网膜病变 (diabeticretinopathy,DR)患者血清中循环细胞间粘附分子 1(circulat ingintercellularadhesionmolecule 1,cICAM 1)的水平变化及其意义。方法　应用ELISA方法测定 4 2例 2型糖尿病患者 ,包括不伴DR患者 10例、背景型糖尿病视网膜病变(backgrounddiabeticretinopathy ,BDR)患者 2 0例以及增生型糖尿病视网膜病变 (proliferativediabeticretinopathy ,PDR)患者 12例和 2 0例健康对照者血清中的ICAM 1的含量 ,同时检验其与空腹血糖 (FBG)和甘油三脂等血糖和血脂代谢控制指标的相关关系。结果　 (1)与健康对照组相比 ,2型糖尿病患者血清中cICAM 1的含量显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;BDR组cICAM 1含量比糖尿病不伴DR组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;PDR组比BDR组相比显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )DR患者血清中cICAM 1的浓度与FBG及血清甘油三脂的浓度存在显著相关关系 (r =0 .6 7、0 .5 0 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　cICAM 1水平可反映DR活动程度 ;严格控制血糖和甘油三酯水平可能通过降低cICAM 1的表达来预防及延缓DR发生和发展。     

VEGF和bFGF在蒙古族糖尿病视网膜病变中的表达

目的：研究血管内皮生长因子( vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)在蒙古族糖尿病患者视网膜病变中的表达,探讨其中在糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)发生过程中的作用。
　　方法：对2013-02/2015-02在内蒙古自治区人民医院眼科83例蒙古族糖尿病患者根据视网膜病变情况分为：无糖尿病视网膜病变患者(NDR 组)25例、背景型糖尿病视网膜病变患者(NPDR 组)31例、增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变患者(PDR 组)27例。36例年龄匹配健康志愿者作为对照组。分别采集患者外周静脉血,采用 ELISA 法分别对血清中 VEGF 和 bFGF 的表达情况进行测定。
　　结果：蒙古族糖尿病患者血清中 VEGF 和 bFGF 的水平显著高于对照组;三组蒙古族糖尿病患者中,PDR 患者血清VEGF 和 bFGF 水平高于 NDR 和 NPDR 组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),NPDR 患者血清 VEGF 和 bFGF 水平又显著高于 NDR(P<0.05)。
　　结论：高表达的 VEGF 和 bFGF 可能是蒙古族 DR 发生、发展的重要致病因素。     

中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值在糖尿病视网膜病变诊断中的意义： Meta分析

目的 分析中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）在糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）诊断中的临床意义。设计Meta分析。研究对象 单纯Ⅱ型糖尿病和Ⅱ型糖尿病发生视网膜病变患者中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值相关的中英文文献。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、中国知网和万方数据库,并阅读参考文献以期纳入充足研究。采用Review manager 5.3和Stata 14.0软件进行数据分析。改变效应模型进行敏感性分析,漏斗图和Egger’s 检验发表偏倚。主要指标 中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值。 结果 纳入11项研究,包括982例DR 患者、1224例单纯Ⅱ型糖尿病患者和683例健康对照人群。Meta分析结果表明,DR患者的NLR水平显著高于健康人群[SMD （95% CI)=0.90（0.36, 1.44）, P<0.001]和单纯Ⅱ型糖尿病患者[SMD（95% CI）=0.69（0.41, 0.97）, P<0.001]。亚组分析结果表明NLR水平在非增生性和增生性糖尿病视网膜病变之间的差异无统计学意义。 结论 Meta分析结果表明,DR患者的NLR水平明显升高是糖尿病患者发生视网膜病变风险的预测因子,可能为DR的临床诊断和管理提供依据。     

糖尿病患者脉络膜造影特征分析

目的：观察糖尿病患者的脉络膜循环特点,探讨糖尿病患者脉络膜循环的改变及其与DR发生发展的关系。
　　方法：选取糖尿病患者45例分为NDR、NPDR、PDR三组,并选择20例健康正常人作为对照。采用德国海德堡共焦激光眼底扫描系统对所有糖尿病患者及正常对照同步进行FFA及ICGA,对比观察两种影像特点,阐述糖尿病患者脉络膜循环病变特点。
　　结果：（1） DR各组患者视网膜中央动脉充盈时间与正常组相比无显著差异;脉络膜动脉充盈时间均较正常对照组减慢,有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。（2）各组DR患者中,病变程度越重,发生充盈倒置的比例越大。（3）随着病变程度加重,造影早期脉络膜充盈不良及晚期斑点状强荧光的比例逐渐增多。
　　结论：糖尿病患者进行ICGA揭示了脉络膜循环状态的异常,是FFA的一个重要补充,并且研究提示在DR发生之前已有脉络膜循环的异常,充分证明了糖尿病脉络膜病变的存在。     

miR93和miR21联合检测对2型糖尿病视网膜病变进展的预测价值

目的：分析血浆微小核糖核酸(miR)-93和miR21联合检测对2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)进展的预测价值。

方法：选取本院2013-06/2014-06收治的2型DR患者76例,根据随访结果,将患者分成DR非进展组(34例)和DR进展组(42例),另选取45例健康体检者为对照组。检测三组血清中miR93和miR21水平的变化; 分析DR患者预后的独立危险因素; 分析其对患者预后的预测价值。

结果：DR进展组患者血清中miR93和miR21水平明显高于DR非进展组和对照组(均P<0.01); 二者可作为影响DR患者病情进展的独立危险因素; 两者联合检测曲线下面积、特异度与敏感度均高于单独检测(P<0.05)。

结论：miR93和miR21在DR患者血清中增高,影响DR患者病情进展。     

2型糖尿病住院患者糖尿病视网膜病变的相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的发病危险因素。方法:选择2014-01/06收治的2型糖尿病患者380例,分为DR组126例和对照组即糖尿病无视网膜病变(NDR)组254例,进行询问病史、体格检查、实验室检查和相关辅助检查,采用Logistic回归分析法对DR的相关危险因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,病程、收缩压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿蛋白、眼压、颈动脉内中膜厚度、周围神经病变是DR发生的相关危险因素。对以上因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,只发现病程是DR发生的相关危险因素。结论:DR的发生是多因素共同作用的结果,病程是DR发生的独立危险因素。     

血糖控制达标2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变的影响因素

目的：探究血糖控制达标2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)后血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、炎症指标中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)水平及影响患者发生DR的因素。

方法：回顾性分析2017-02/2020-02我院收治的142例血糖控制达标的T2DM患者的临床资料,根据眼底造影检查结果将患者分为眼底正常组(N组,74例)、非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变组(NPDR组,36例)和增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变组(PDR组,32例)。比较三组患者的一般资料和血液检查指标; 多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者发生DR的因素; 构建预测患者发生DR的列线图预测模型并评价其预测效能。

结果：PDR组患者的DM病程、血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿微量白蛋白(UA)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)水平、NLR、PLR明显高于N组和NPDR组,C肽(C-P)、2h C-P明显低于N组和NPDR组(P<0.05); DM病程>12a、IGF-Ⅰ>145μg/L、C-P<0.75ng/mL、UA>245ng/mL、RBP4>54mg/L、NLR>1.8、PLR>110均是导致患者发生DR的危险因素; 列线图模型预测的区分度和校准度较高,具有良好的预测效能。

结论：除DM病程、IGF-Ⅰ、C-P、UA等常见的危险因素外,RBP4、NLR、PLR增加也是DR发生的危险因素,可能参与了DR的发生和发展。     

2型糖尿病患者干眼与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关分析

目的：：调查2型糖尿病患者干眼与不同程度糖尿病视网膜病变( diabetic retinopathy,DR)及黄斑水肿之间的关系。方法：采用横断面研究。选取340例340眼2型糖尿病患者,收集临床资料,分别检测泪河高度、泪液分泌试验(Schirmer Ⅰ test)、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、角膜荧光素染色。所有患者散瞳检查视网膜,评估DR程度及有无临床意义的黄斑水肿。结果：所有患者中,干眼患病率为49.41%。干眼患者的糖尿病病程为11.15±7.07a,无干眼患者的病程为6.92±5.45a,两者之间的差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。干眼与DR各分期具有明显关系,轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变( nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR )、中度 NPDR、重度 NPDR 和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者相对于无 DR患者的干眼发生可能性分别为1.097倍、1.724倍、2.86倍和5.43倍。黄斑水肿患者较无黄斑水肿患者的干眼发生可能性增加到3.697倍。结论：2型糖尿病患者常常伴发干眼。随着DR的发生及进展,罹患干眼的机会逐步增加。     

The relationship of blood cell-associated inflammatory indices and diabetic retinopathy: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM: To explore the correlation between several blood cell-associated inflammatory indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: We searched for eligible studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI up to December 13, 2017. Standardized mean difference (SMD) calculated with confidence interval (CI) of 95% was used to estimate the values of those indices. RESULTS: A total of 31 studies were included in the present Meta-analysis. As compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without DR, the values of MPV, PDW, NLR, and PLR were higher in patients with DR (SMD=0.67; 95%CI: 0.36 to 0.98; SMD=0.51; 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.75; SMD=0.77; 95%CI: 0.49 to 1.05 and SMD=1.18; 95%CI: 0.07 to 2.28). Additionally, it was also observed that MPV was closely correlated with the severity of DR. CONCLUSION: MPV, PDW, NLR, and PLR could be recommended as diagnostic biomarkers for DR, and MPV could be applied to assess the severity of DR.     

Risk factors associated with retinal neovasculari-zation of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM: To evaluate the risk factors associated with retinal neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy in northern Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: The clinical characteristics of 200 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 100 age-matched healthy individuals were compared. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed in the patients with PDR. RESULTS: Fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit (HCT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were all significantly higher in patients with PDR than in the control group (P<0.05). The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors independently associated with retinal neovascularization of DR were duration of diabetes mellitus (OR=1.112; P =0.000), BUN (OR=1.277; P=0.000), smoking (OR=3.967; P=0.000) and MPV(OR=2.472; P=0.000). On the other hand, panretinal photocoagulation was associated with reduced risk of retinal neovascularization (OR=0.983; P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Preventing and controlling T2DM in terms of risk factors, including duration of diabetes, BUN, smoking and MPV, might offer novel approaches to prevent or delay the onset of retinal neovascularization in patients with PDR.     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病其他并发症的相关性

目的：探讨2型糖尿病视网膜病变（ diabetic retinopathy, DR）与糖尿病的全身并发症的相关性。方法：分析2型糖尿病住院患者702例,将其分为NDR组、DR组两组,DR组又分为非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（non－proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR）组和增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（ proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR）组,分析DR与糖尿病大血管并发症、糖尿病肾病（ diabetic nephropathy, DN ）、糖尿病周围神经病变（ diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）,糖尿病周围血管性疾病（ peripheral vascular disease of diabetes mellitus, PVD）、糖尿病足（ diabetic foot,DF）、糖尿病酮症酸中毒（ diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA）等糖尿病并发症的相关性。结果：DR的发生、发展与高血压、高血脂、颈部血管硬化、斑块,下肢动脉硬化、斑块, DN、DPN、DF及PVD等并发症有关。 PDR与高血压、DPN关系密切。结论：血管内皮损伤、微循环障碍是DR及糖尿病的全身大、小血管并发症的共同病理基础。糖尿病患者出现全身并发症时,DR的患病率增加,尤其是合并高血压、DPN时,PDR的患病率增加。所以糖尿病患者尤其是出现全身并发症者必需定期行眼底检查,以早期发现、早期治疗DR,降低致盲率。     

MPV may reflect subcinical platelet activation in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy

Purpose

To search subclinical platelet activation via detecting three important platelet activation parameters; mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) in comparison with those in healthy adults as controls.

Methods

This prospective study included 140 patients who were followed-up at the Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital, and 40 normal subjects. All patients and control subjects underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation. Of patients with type 2 diabetes, 43 cases with diabetes mellitus (DM) have no DR (Group 1), 45 cases with DM have nonproliferative DR (NPDR) (Group 2), and 52 cases with DM have proliferative DR (PDR) (Group 3). In addition, 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (Group 4) were included into the study. MPV, PDW, and PCT were measured in the studied groups.

Results

The MPV levels were significantly altered in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 patients when compared with those in the controls (P<0.05), whereas PDW and PCT levels were not significantly changed among groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The data provided a significant association between MPV levels and DM. Diabetic patients have increased MPV values compared with healthy subjects, but MPV levels were not altered together with the DR stage. Diabetic and DR patients have no different PDW and PCT values compared with healthy subjects. MPV may be a clue for the reflection of subclinical platelet activation in DM regardless of the DR stage.     

糖尿病视网膜病变患者高密度脂蛋白-3和总抗氧化能力以及NOx水平分析

目的:比较糖尿病视网膜病变组与对照组数据,以研究高密度脂蛋白-3(HDL3)、NOx和总抗氧化状态之间的关系.方法:前瞻性病例对照研究.106例受试者分为3组,84例2型糖尿病有或无视网膜病变患者,对照组为22例正常人.患者均行血清高密度脂蛋白-3的浓度检测和血清NOx水平测定.用铁还原法(FRAP)测量血浆总抗氧化能力.结果:糖尿病患者(DM)空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯显著高于对照组.正常人中HDL3水平为14.4(12.0)mg/dL,糖尿病视网膜病变患者为18.1(12.6)mg/dL,糖尿病无视网膜病变患者为14.0(12.5)mg/dL,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.262).糖尿病患者FRAP水平低于对照组(P=0.003),但糖尿病视网膜病变组与非糖尿病视网膜病变组之间其差异无统计学意义.结论:研究发现:2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者、糖尿病无视网膜病变患者以及对照组间HDL和HDL3水平无明显不同.HDL3可能无法预测糖尿病视网膜病变患者的患病风险.糖尿病患者中血清NOx水平较高,FRAP水平较低.     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变相关危险因素分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病( type 2 diabetic mellitus,T2DM)患者糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)相关危险因素。

方法：回顾性分析2013-01/2017-04收治入院的1 013例T2DM患者病例资料,将DR患者纳入观察组,非DR患者纳入对照组。分析T2DM患者DR相关危险因素。

结果：经调查统计DR发生率为27.74%(281/1 013)。经单因素分析,两组患者性别、年龄、T2DM病程、血压、糖化血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐以及24h尿蛋白比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,男性、年龄>60岁、T2DM病程>10a以及血压、糖化血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及肌酐和24h尿蛋白表达异常均是T2DM患者并发DR的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论：T2DM患者并发DR风险较高,男性、年龄>60岁、T2DM病程>10a以及血压、糖化血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及肌酐和24h尿蛋白的高水平表达均可能是诱发DR的危险因素。     

Inhibition of TGF-β2-induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ARPE-19 by sulforaphane

AIM: To investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 stimulated migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ARPE-19 cells. METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of SFN or TGF-β2. SFN toxicity was assessed by performing a lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays, and cell migration was evaluated by Transwell migration assay. Actin stress fiber formation in ARPE-19 cells was determined using immunofluorescence analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was used to determine fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expressions along with the degree of Smad and Akt phosphorylation. RESULTS: SFN inhibited ARPE-19 migration. Additionally, SFN attenuated TGF-β2-induced appearance of actin stress fibers as well as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expressions in these cells. SFN also hindered the TGF-β2-stimulated phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, and Akt. SFN showed no cytotoxicity towards ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION: SFN inhibits TGF-β2-stimulated migration and EMT in ARPE-19 cells, probably by preventing the establishment of actin stress fibers and Akt and Smad2/3 signaling.     

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai

AIM: To predict postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) position using the Sirius anterior segment analysis system and investigate the effect of Lens position and IOL type on postoperative refraction. METHODS: A total of 97 patients (102 eyes) were enrolled in the final analysis. An anterior segment biometry measurement was performed preoperatively with Sirius and Lenstar. The results of predicted lens position (PLP) and IOL power were automatically calculated by the software used by the instruments. Effective lens position (ELP) was measured manually using Sirius 3mo postoperatively. A Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to determine the correlation of lens position to other parameters. RESULTS: PLP and ELP were positively correlated to axial length (AL; r=0.42, P<0.0001 and r=0.49, P<0.0001, respectively). There was a weak correlation between the peLP (ELP-PLP) and the prediction error of spherical refraction (peSR; r=0.34, P<0.0001). The peLP of the Softec HD IOL differed statistically from those of both the TECNIS ZCB00 and Sensor AR40E IOLs. Multiple linear regression was used to obtain the prediction formula: ELP=0.66+0.63 [aqueous depth (AQD)+0.6LT] (r=0.61, P<0.0001), and ELP was found to have the strongest correlation with a new variable (AQD+0.6 LT). CONCLUSION: The Sirius anterior segment analysis system is helpful to predict ELP, which reduces postoperative refraction error.     

The relationship between ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: The role of genetic factors in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is unclear. We investigated the relationship between DR and an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes without overt nephropathy.

Methods: A total of 178 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with DR (Group A) and 206 type 2 diabetic patients without DR (Group B) were studied. The following variables were determined: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, medications used, history of coronary artery disease and its complications, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, plasma creatinine, and 24-h urine albumin excretion.

Results: The groups were statistically similar in all variables except diabetes duration (P?=?0.037), ACE activity (P?<?0.001), and ACE genotype (P?=?0.008). The DD genotype was significantly more common in Group A (32.6% versus 19.2% in Group B; P?=?0.009). In multivariate regression analysis, the ID genotype (compared to the II genotype) was an independent predictor of DR (OR?=?1.831, 95% CI?=?1.074–3.124; P?=?0.026). Conclusions: The D allele of the ACE gene is independently associated with DR in Iranian type 2 diabetic patients.