基于红外光谱指纹图谱的当归快速鉴别

目的:建立当归药材的红外光谱指纹图谱及其相似度评价指标,提供一种简便、客观、量化、反映整体成分信息的当归质量快速检测方法。方法:本研究利用PerkinElmer Spectrum One傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对59批当归样品进行测定,使用MATLAB v7. 0软件对图谱统计分析。结果:选取1800～800 cm~(-1)、1800～1200 cm~(-1)和1200～800 cm~(-1)3个波段分别建立当归药材的相关系数识别阈值,可以准确识别正常与异常当归样品。结论:红外光谱指纹图谱相似度评价方法可以作为现有形性指标和化学指标的补充,为实现当归的全程质量控制提供一种高通量、低成本的快速检测手段。     

关木通与川木通的鉴别

最近 ,许多媒体报道龙胆泻肝丸中关木通致肾损害的消息 ,引起了较大关注 ,为了确保用药安全 ,国家药品监督管理局根据对关木通及其制剂毒副作用的研究情况和结果分析 ,决定取消关木通的药用标准 ,而川木通不在取消之列 ,现笔者将关木通与川木通对比如下。1　来源鉴别　川木通为毛莨科植物小木通 Clematis armandiiFranch.或绣球藤 Clematis Montana Buch.- Ham.的干燥藤茎。春、秋二季采收 ,除去粗皮 ,晒干 ,或趁鲜切薄片 ,晒干。关木通为马兜铃科植物东北马兜铃Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom.的干燥藤茎。秋、冬二季采摘 ,除去粗皮 ,…     

两头尖红外光谱指纹图谱

目的建立两头尖药材的红外指纹图谱。方法取不同产地的两头尖药材,进行红外光谱测定,得到不同的红外光谱图,利用OPUS处理软件对不同产地两头尖样品的红外图谱进行基线校正、归一化处理。从而建立两头尖药材的红外指纹图谱。结果不同产地的两头尖药材的红外光谱非常相近。红外图谱间的相关系数在0.95以上。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于两头尖药材的质量控制。各产地两头尖药材所含有的主成分极其相似,不同产地两头尖药材的相似程度较大,应用红外光谱技术可以达到无损、快速的鉴别。     

药用关木通与川木通的区别

木通属中药利水渗湿类药物 ,性苦 ,味寒归心 ,小肠 ,膀胱经 ,有利水通淋 ,泄热通乳之功效。高等医药院校教材《中药学》[1] 将关木通和川木通通称为木通。因两者功效相同 ,在《中药学》上没有将两者区分开来 ,容易忽略两者在其它方面的差异而造成误用。由于历史的演变 ,古今所用木通的一些品种已有变迁 ,使用同名异物而致中毒反应时有发生。《中国药典》[2 ] 2 0 0 0年版已明确指出关木通苦寒 ,有毒 ,不可多用久服 ,肾功能不全及孕妇忌服 ,而川木通未见中毒病例报道。《中国药典》将关木通、川木通作为两种药分别收载理应区别药用。笔者认为…     

红外指纹图谱鉴别丹参的研究

丹参为唇形科植物丹参Salvia miltiorrhizaBge·的干燥根和根茎,全国大部分地区均有产出,笔者收集市场流通的8个样本,采用红外指纹图谱法进行鉴别研究,证实可以通过FTIR光谱特征进行鉴别。1仪器与材料1·1仪器傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(美国PE公司SPECTRUM ONE型),中红外DTGS检测器,测定范围4 000~400 cm-1,分辨率4 cm-1。1·2材料药材样品由北京卫仁饮片厂、北京人卫饮片厂、陕西GAP种植基地提供。为河北栽培2种,河北野生1种,山东     

LC-MS鉴定木通、川木通与关木通

采用LC-MS对木通、川木通和关木通进行鉴别.结果表明,木通科木通与毛茛科川木通含有较多的相似成分,相似性较大;而关木通与前两者差别很大,相似成分较少.可用于这三种木通的鉴别.     

关木通与川木通的比较鉴别

木通药材有 ,关木通与川木通两种 ,分别收载于1 995年版《中国药典》一部 ,两者功效相似 ,但来源不同 ,前者为马兜铃科植物东北马兜铃 Aristolochiamanshuriensis Kom.的干燥藤茎 ;后者为毛莨科植物小木通 Clematis armandii Franch.和绣球藤 C.montana Buch Ham.r的干燥藤茎 [1] 。笔者在检验中发现 ,由于三种不同来源的市售木通商品多已切成薄片 ,外观极为相似 ,显微特征也不明显 ,因此很难区分。为了便于鉴别 ,本文对三者的薄层色谱及紫外光谱进行了比较。1　仪器、试剂与材料UV- 2 65型紫外分光光度计 (日本岛津 ) ;硅胶G薄层预制板…     

三叶木通指纹图谱研究

目的应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)建立三叶木通指纹图谱。方法Hypersil ODS柱,H2O与CH4梯度洗脱,流速:1m l/m in,柱温:20℃,检测波长:215 nm。结果建立了HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,并应用此共有模式对五叶木通和川木通进行了相似度比较。结论三叶木通药材中各成分均得到很好分离,可作为三叶木通药材专属性指纹图谱。     

关木通川木通木通的鉴别比较

历代本草所记载的木通为木通科的木通 ,目前很少见用 ;而临床目前使用最为广泛的是关木通 ,其次为川木通 [1 ] 。下面将关木通、川木通、木通的鉴别特点作一比较。1　来源1.1　关木通为马兜铃科植物木通马兜铃 Aristolochia m an-shuriensis Kom.的木质茎。1.2　川木通为毛茛科植物小木通 Clem atis armandii F ranch.或绣球藤 Clematis montana Buch.-Ham的木质茎。1.3　木通为木通科植物白木通 Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.)K oidz.var.custralis (Diels) Rehd.或三叶木通 Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.) K oidz.或木通 Akebia quinata(T…     

川木通与其混伪品和近缘种的ITS2条形码分子鉴定

目的 分析川木通及其混伪品和近缘种的ITS2条形码序列,探讨川木通及其混伪品和近缘种鉴定的新方法.方法 对样品进行DNA提取,PCR扩增ITS2片段并进行双向测序,CodonCode Aligner拼接序列,MEGA5分析川木通的种内遗传距离及与混伪品和近缘物种的种间遗传距离,预测ITS2二级结构,应用BLAST方法进...     

红外光谱结合化学计量学鉴别美洲大蠊及其他虫类药材研究

目的基于红外光谱法结合化学计量学建立美洲大蠊及其他虫类药材(全蝎、水蛭)粉末的鉴别方法,为美洲大蠊的鉴别提供一定的依据。方法运用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪采集3种虫药药粉的红外光谱数据,对已得光谱数据二阶求导后运用纵坐标归一化法、标准化法等预处理方法对光谱进行优化,采用化学计量学,包括系统聚类分析(hierarchicalcluster analysis,HCA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)以及偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)进一步对光谱数据进行分析。结果美洲大蠊与全蝎、水蛭的红外指纹图谱有差异。美洲大蠊在1 711、1 410、712 cm-1处吸收峰明显,全蝎在1 753、1 400、1 168、717 cm-1处吸收峰明显,水蛭在1 558、1 457、1 400、669 cm-1处吸收峰明显,且水蛭在1 753～1 711cm-1处明显无吸收峰。3种虫类药材在1 800～1 700 cm-1处峰形差异明显较大。二阶导数图谱中,主要峰的位置相同,但共有峰的强度不同。运用HCA分析方法发现3种虫类药材能够被快速区分,运用PCA与PLS-DA分析方法发现3种虫类药材分布在不同区域。结论本研究能够简便、快速的鉴别美洲大蠊与全蝎、水蛭等虫类药材,为美洲大蠊的质量控制及评价提供参考。     

FTIR直接测定法对川贝母和珠贝、小东贝的区别鉴定

目的 对川贝母、浙贝母和东贝母进行区别鉴定。方法 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法直接测定植物中药材的红外光谱。结果 川贝母、浙贝母和东贝母的红外光谱差别较大。结论 可以采用FTIR直接、快速、准确地测定同属不同种的川贝母、浙贝母和东贝母。     

Isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus (Amaryllidaceae) and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Plants of the family Amaryllidaceae are used widely in traditional medicine in South Africa. Several of these, including representatives of the genus Cyrtanthus find use in the treatment of mental illness and age-related dementia.

Aim of the study

Based on the distribution of central nervous system-activating alkaloidal constituents within the genus Cyrtanthus, Cyrtanthus contractus was here explored for such compounds which could interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), of significance in the progression of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Materials and methods

The known phenanthridone alkaloid narciprimine was isolated via column chromatography of the ethanolic extract of bulbs of Cyrtanthus contractus. The structure of the compound was determined by high field 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The classical method of Ellman et al. was used in the determination of AChE inhibitory activity.

Results

The isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus is a landmark find since it has previously only been identified in Zephyranthes, Narcissus and Lycoris, genera endemic to the Americas, Europe and Asia, respectively. Narciprimine exhibited micromolar inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 78.9) against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

Conclusion

This work represents the first isolation of narciprimine from an African Amaryllidaceae species, which may be of chemotaxonomic significance. The AChE inhibitory activity of narciprimine, taken together with activities of other structurally similar inhibitors within the series affords further insight to the structural details of the lycorine alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitory pharmacophore.     

Evaluation of the wound healing activity of Shorea robusta, an Indian ethnomedicine,and its isolated constituent(s) in topical formulation

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Different parts of Indian ethnomedicinal plant Shorea robusta is traditionally used for several ailments including wounds and burn by different tribal groups, since ages. Here we have validated, for the first time, the effectiveness and the possible mechanism of action of young leaf extracts of Shorea robusta, used by two distinct tribes of India, and its isolated compounds as a topical formulation in three wound models in rats.

Materials and methods

Bioactivity-guided study of the active extract resulted in the isolation of two known compounds. The prepared ointment containing extracts (2.5 and 5%, w/w), fractions (5% w/w) and isolated compounds (0.25% w/w) were evaluated on excision, incision and dead space wound models in rats by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialisation, tensile strength, granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline content and histopathology.

Results

The animals treated with the extracts and fractions (5%) showed significant reduction in wound area 96.55 and 96.41% with faster epithelialisation (17.50 and 17.86), while the isolated compounds bergenin and ursolic acid heal the wound faster, but complete epithelialisation with 100% wound contraction was evident with 5% povidone–iodine group on 18th post-wounding day. Moreover, the tensile strength of incision wound, granuloma tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content was significantly increased in both the extract and compound(s) treated animals. Furthermore, the tissue histology of animals treated with the isolated compound(s) showed complete epithelialisation with increased collagenation, similar to povidone–iodine group.

Conclusion

Thus, our results validated the traditional use of Shorea robusta young leaves in wound management.