24小时血压参数与原发性开角型青光眼视神经损害的相关性

目的：研究24 h血压参数与原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）视神经损害之间的相关性。方法：病例对照研究。选择2013年6月至2016年12月期间成都市第一人民医院确诊的60例POAG患者作为POAG组,55 例正常人群作为对照组。2 组均进行24 h眼压和血压的同步监测,比较2 组受检者24 h血压参数、眼灌注压及眼压的差异,并分析POAG组患者24 h血压参数、眼灌注压及眼压与相关视功能之间的关系。采用独立样本t检验和多重线性回归等进行统计学分析。结果：①POAG组的24 h平均眼压、眼压差、眼灌注压差及脉压差显著高于对照组,2 组差异均有统计学意义（t =3.22、6.57、2.29、2.39,P ＜0.05）。②POAG组平均收缩压显著高于对照组（t =3.02,P =0.003）,其收缩压最高值、收缩压波动值、夜间平均收缩压、夜间最高收缩压及其波动值均显著高于对照组（t =4.38、5.27、4.13、4.13、 4.14,P ＜0.001）。③POAG组24 h平均舒张压、舒张压最高值、夜间平均舒张压、夜间舒张压最高值也显著高于对照组（t =2.22、2.50、2.29、2.10,P ＜0.05）。④POAG组患者的24 h血压相关参数与视神经损害相关性：平均眼压是POAG视野的平均缺损值（MD）的影响因素,二者呈负相关（b =-0.44,P =0.004）;盘周平均视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度与平均眼压（b =-0.956,P =0.001）、眼压差（b =-1.125,P =0.003）呈负相关;夜间平均舒张压（b =0.395,P ＜0.001）和夜间平均动脉压（b =0.046,P =0.001）分别与AP100和AP50值呈正相关。结论：①24 h血压相关参数与POAG的视神经损害之间存在相关性;②夜间眼灌注压、夜间舒张压和夜间动脉压可能是POAG视神经损害的影响因素;③在POAG的治疗中,稳定的血压和靶眼压有利于保持有效的稳定的眼灌注压,提示在关注降眼压治疗POAG的同时应该关注血压的变化。     

日间与昼夜眼压曲线对异常眼压测量能力的比较

目的评价日间眼压曲线与昼夜眼压曲线对异常眼压测量的能力。方法对就诊于北京同仁眼科中心的21例原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）、11例可疑正常眼压性青光眼（SNTG）及24例可疑青光眼患者进行昼夜眼压曲线测量。间隔2 h后,先使用手持式压平眼压计测量24 h的卧位眼压得到昼夜卧位眼压曲线。在9：30、11：30、13：30、15：30,患者完成卧位眼压测量5 min后测量坐位眼压,5 min后再使用非接触眼压计测量眼压,分别得到日间卧位眼压曲线、日间坐位眼压曲线和日间非接触眼压曲线。定义眼压峰值〉21 mmHg时为峰值异常,眼压波动〉5 mmHg时为波动异常。分析日间眼压曲线与昼夜眼压曲线均值、峰值及波动值间是否存在差异。结果不同组别昼夜眼压均值为（20.24±2.45）～（22.32±6.02）mmHg,较日间眼压均值高-0.19～6.37 mmHg;昼夜眼压峰值在（24.17±3.42）～（26.43±6.23）mmHg,较日间眼压峰值高1.75～8.76 mmHg;昼夜眼压波动在（8.00±3.47）～（9.09±3.83）mmHg,较日间眼压波动高3.59～6.00 mmHg。眼压峰值多出现于夜间睡眠时,POAG、SNTG和可疑青光眼患者眼压峰值出现于23：30～5：30的概率分别为57.14%、72.73%和66.67%。日间眼压曲线无法确定昼夜眼压波动的异常,若以昼夜眼压曲线作为金标准,各组的敏感性为10.00%～36.84%。结论56例患者的峰值眼压多发生在夜间睡眠时,日间和昼夜眼压曲线测得的眼压均值、峰值、波动及发现异常眼压的能力存在差异,依靠日间眼压曲线很难对昼夜眼压的情况做出准确判断。     

高眼压症及原发性开角型青光眼患者的24 h眼压波动规律

目的 通过24 h眼压测量来深入分析对比高眼压症与原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者的眼压曲线特征。方法 收集2016年1月~2019年3月在我科门诊诊断为高眼压症的患者52例(104眼)及POAG尚未接受降眼压治疗的患者38例(76眼)。入院后行24 h眼压检查,用非接触性眼压计从早9时起每隔2 h测量眼压1次,至次日7时结束。分析2组患者的平均眼压,峰值眼压及时间点,谷值眼压及时间点,昼夜眼压波动及双眼眼压压差值及其分布情况,比较2组眼压波动的异同点。结果 104眼高眼压症患者的平均眼压为(18.73±1.71)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),平均峰值眼压为(22.36±2.40) mmHg,平均谷值眼压为(15.63±2.09) mmHg,平均昼夜眼压波动为(6.72±2.24) mmHg。76眼POAG患者的平均眼压为(20.65±2.53) mmHg,平均峰值眼压为(25.78±2.81) mmHg,平均谷值眼压为(17.45±2.54) mmHg,平均昼夜眼压波动为(8.34±2.37) mmHg。2组的峰值及谷值眼压值分布最多的时间点均为凌晨3时及夜晚21时,大部分患者的峰值眼压时间点在门诊时间之外。高眼压症组中昼夜眼压波动位于5~8 mmHg的占比最大,为54.81%(57/104),POAG组中昼夜眼压波动>8 mmHg的占比最大,为53.95%(41/76)。高眼压症组中,16例患者经24 h眼压检查后监测到眼压波动异常,占比为30.77%(16/52);POAG组中经24 h眼压检查后有29例患者可以监测到眼压波动异常,占比为76.32%(29/38)。结论 24 h眼压监测中,POAG患者较高眼压症患者的平均眼压、峰值眼压、谷值眼压、昼夜眼压波动及双眼压差均有增加。对于24 h眼压发现眼压波动较大的高眼压症患者应在后续加强密切随访,而对于POAG患者24 h眼压监测可在治疗前提供眼压的基线水平,为后续治疗提供参考及评估依据,因此建议将24 h眼压作为高眼压症及POAG的常规检查手段。     

疑似青光眼患者24h眼压变化规律

目的：分析疑似青光眼患者24h眼压的变化规律。

方法：收集疑似青光眼患者48例96眼,使用Accupen手持眼压计(24-3000)和NCT非接触眼压计(CT-80)测量24h眼压,自7：30开始,每2h测一次眼压,共12次,其中7：30～21：30测量坐位眼压,23：30～5：30测量坐位及卧位眼压。

结果：两种眼压计测量的传统体位下24h眼压峰值均出现在7：30,非接触眼压计测得的结果为22.05±3.608mmHg,手持式眼压计测得的结果为19.79±4.147mmHg。手持眼压计测得习惯性体位下眼内压峰值出现在5：30,平均21.64±4.814mmHg,且两种体位24h眼内压谷值均出现在21：30,谷值眼内压平均值为15.73±3.649mmHg。两种体位均呈夜间眼压逐渐升高,白天眼压逐渐下降的趋势。

结论：疑似青光眼患者眼内压峰值多出现在清晨,夜间卧位眼压值较坐位眼压值高。     

原发性开角型青光眼治疗后24h眼压波动的临床观察

目的 比较降眼压药物治疗或小梁切除术治疗后原发性开角型青光眼患者的24h眼压波动差异.方法 取自2006年4月至2008年9月住院或门诊确诊为原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)47例(70只眼),随机分成手术组24例(34只眼)采用复合式小梁切除术;药物组23例(36只眼).设健康志愿者为正常对照组.所有病例治疗前、后均行24h眼压测量,使用Goldmann压平眼压计,对各组的平均眼压、眼压峰值、眼压波动进行比较分析.结果 药物组眼压控制成功率76.5%(26/34)与手术组眼压控制成功率90.6%(29/32)比较差异无统计学意义(X2=2.378,P=0.123);治疗前两组患者的平均眼压、眼压峰值、眼压波动比较差异均无统计学意义(t=0.659,P=0.512;t=0.274,P=0.785;t=1.373,P=0.174);治疗后药物组与手术组患者的平均眼压、眼压峰值比较差异均有统计学意义(t=2.11,P=0.038;t=-2.397,P=0.019).两组的眼压波动比较有显著统计学意义(t=2.792,P=0.007);在眼压控制成功的药物组和手术组与正常对照组两两比较,两组的平均眼压、眼压波动差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组的眼压峰值差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01);且手术组眼压波动、眼压峰值均低于正常对照组(P＜0.01).结论 小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼能获得较低的24h眼压波动.在控制平均眼压、眼压峰值及眼压波动方面要优于药物治疗.且波动幅度与眼压峰值均小于正常对照组.     

POAG和高眼压症患者24h眼压与饮水试验的临床特点和相关性分析

目的:总结原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)和高眼压症(OHT)患者24h眼压和饮水试验(WDT)的临床特点并分析其相关性。方法:收集2019-12/2022-03于深圳大学总医院眼科行24h眼压(每2h测量1次)和WDT(按1 000mL饮水量,5min内饮完,之后1h内每15min测量1次)的POAG和OHT患者87例174眼,共分为三组：高眼压性开角型青光眼(HTG组)33例66眼,正常眼压性青光眼(NTG组)28例56眼,OHT组26例52眼。总结三组患者24h眼压和WDT临床特点,并对各组眼压峰值、波动值进行Spearman相关分析。结果:三组患者临床特点：(1)24h眼压HTG组、NTG组、OHT组眼压峰值比例：凌晨(2∶00～6∶00):40.9%、23.2%、26.9%;上午(8∶00～12∶00):34.8%、46.4%、55.8%;下午(14∶00～18∶00):18.2%、21.4%、11.5%;夜间(20∶00～24∶00):6.1%、8.9%、5.8%。各组谷值比例：凌晨：21.2%、25.0%、30.8%;上午：22.7%、10.7%、13.5%;下午：19.7...     

24h眼压的重复性测量及夜间坐卧位眼压的差别

目的：评估24h眼压单次测量的准确性,以及探讨夜间不同体位测量眼压的差别。

方法：前瞻性研究。对2019-07/08在嘉兴市中医医院眼科需做24h眼压的患者24例48眼,使用手持型眼压计(iCare-PRO回弹式眼压计)连续48h进行2次24h眼压测量,时点分别为7：00、10：00、14：00、18：00、22：00、02：00、05：00。其中在22：00、02：00、05：00三个时间点,分别测量坐位及卧位的眼压,先进行卧位测量,之后要求患者保持坐位10min,再次测量一次眼压。重复测量用组内相关系数(ICC)来分析一致性,夜间不同体位的眼压以配对样本t检验分析比较测量结果。

结果：各时点的ICC值在0.79～0.94波动,大部分在0.90左右,双眼基本一致。夜间卧位的ICC值在0.73～0.91波动,大部分是0.86以上。各时点的ICC均在0.75以上,大部分在0.90左右,表明各时点眼压重复测量的一致性较好。但是夜间眼压波动的ICC结果较差,右眼夜间坐位波动的ICC为0.49,左眼夜间坐位为0.55; 夜间卧位右眼为0.40,左眼为0.43,右眼的一致性较差。而夜间卧位眼压均高于坐位眼压,各时点均有差异。

结论：单次的24h眼压测量可能不能高度再现,尤其是眼压波动,一次测量的结果可靠性有待研究,且夜间采取坐位测量眼压,或许不能代表实际夜间睡眠时的眼压。     

可疑房角关闭24 h眼压变化规律的观察

目的：通过24 h眼压测量对可疑房角关闭眼（ PACS）的眼压变化规律进行观察。方法收集2014年7月至2015年12月诊断为可疑房角关闭的患者43例（86只眼）以及正常志愿者46例（92只眼）。从7 am起每隔2 h测量1次进行24 h眼压监测。结果两组之间峰值眼压的分布差异无统计学意义（χ2＝3．367， P ＞0.05），均主要集中在1am～7am，门诊时间的峰值眼压出现比率只有36．5％。 PACS组平均谷值眼压和日间的平均眼压与正常组的差异无统计学意义（ t ＝1．754，0.959，均P ＞0.05），而平均峰值眼压、平均眼压的波动值和夜间的平均眼压均高过正常组，差异具有统计学意义（ t ＝4．450，7．751，4．382，均P ＜0.05）。结论相对于正常眼，可疑房角关闭眼眼压的变化范围更大，峰值的眼压和夜间的眼压水平更高。24 h眼压的检查可以为可疑房角关闭的诊疗提供可靠的依据。     

药物治疗中的青光眼患者自我监测24小时眼压的临床效果

目的：评估自我监测24 h眼压在药物治疗原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）患者中的临床效果。方法： 系列病例研究。选取2017年8月至2019年1月就诊于沈阳爱尔眼视光医院行药物治疗且随访眼压控制良 好的POAG患者42例（73眼）,根据基线眼压分为A组：眼压为（12.86±1.40）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）; B组：眼压为（17.82±1.40）mmHg。入组患者通过iCare HOME回弹式眼压计使用培训认证后于家中 自行测量24 h眼压,自730起每隔2 h测量1次,夜间2330-530测量苏醒后即刻的坐位眼压。比 较组间各时间段眼压均值、峰值及波动值,并统计眼压峰值时间点和更改治疗方案的患者比例。数 据采用单因素方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis H检验、t检验以及χ2 检验进行分析。结果：入组患者随访、 门诊时间以及24 h的平均眼压总体差异无统计学意义（F=1.314,P=0.271）。入组患者24 h眼压峰值高 于门诊时间的眼压峰值、随访眼压峰值（H=-40.979、-51.363,均P<0.001）。83.6%的患者眼压峰值 出现在非门诊时间（A组86.5%、B组80.6%）,尤其是发生在夜间睡眠时间,其比例高达67.1%（A组 64.9%、B组69.4%）。入组患者以及A、B亚组患者的24 h眼压波动值均高于其门诊时间眼压波动 值（t=11.166、8.110、7.929,均P<0.001）,其中63.0%的患者24 h眼压波动值≥8 mmHg（A组51.4%、 B组75.0%）。根据自我监测24 h的眼压结果,49.3%的患者更改治疗方案,且B组患者更改比例（63.9%） 高于A组（35.1%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2 =6.035,P=0.014）。结论：药物治疗中的POAG患者自行监测 24 h眼压,能发现临床常规随访中无法监测到的眼压峰值和波动值,可作为医师评价疗效和调整治疗 方案的重要依据。     

正常眼压性青光眼与原发性开角型青光眼24小时眼压曲线的比较

目的 通过24 h眼压的测量来深入分析比较正常眼压性青光眼(NTG)与原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)的眼压曲线特征.方法 前瞻性病例对照研究.收集2006年4月至2009年4月在上海市闸北区北站医院和复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院门诊就诊的NTG患者131例及POAG患者102例,测量24 h眼压,用非接触性眼压计从8 am起每隔2 h测一次眼压,0 am至6 am之间测得的为唤醒后即刻坐位眼压.主要观察指标为眼压波动曲线、平均眼压、峰值时间及眼压、谷值时间及眼压和眼压波动值.采用独立样本t检验和卡方检验比较各指标在两组之间的差异.结果 NTG组双眼平均眼压为(14.2±2.1)mmHg,低于POAG组[(19.9±3.5)mmHg];NTG组双眼峰值眼压为(17.0±2.4)mmHg,低于POAG组[(24.7±4.3)mmHg];NTG组双眼谷值眼压为(11.8±2.2)mmHg,低于POAG组[(16.5±3.1)mmHg];NTG组双眼眼压波动值为(5.2±1.8)mmHg低于POAG组(8.2±3.1)mmHg];两组的平均眼压、峰值、谷值及眼压波动值的差异均有统计学意义(t=-14.52、-16.44、-13.16、-8.90,P均＜0.01).NTG组63.3%患者、POAG组73.5%患者的峰值眼压位于门诊工作时间以外;尤其是NTG组有51.5%患者、POAG组有64.7%患者的峰值位于0 am至6 am时间段,两组差异有统计学意义(X2=8.150,P=0.017).结论 NTG及POAG患者24 h眼压曲线的变化规律具有相似性,是诊断和个体化治疗方案制订的依据,并可用作治疗随访中评价疗效和调整方案的重要参考指标.     

原发性开角型青光眼患者不同体位眼灌注压昼夜波动趋势分析

Objective To characterize the circadian fluctuation of ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in different position  in patients with newly diagnosed, untreatedprimary open-angle glaucoma（POAG）. Design Cohort study. Participants Nineteen patients with POAG (19 eyes) and eighteen healthy controls (18 eyes) were included in the Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. Methods POAG patients and healthy controls were included and underwent 24-hour monitoring of IOP and blood pressure. On 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 o’clock in the daytime, all the subjects were monitored in sitting position, then POAG patients were monitored again after lying down for 5 minutes. On 2:00, 5:00 and 7:00 o’clock at night all the subjects were monitored in supine position, then POAG patients were monitored again after sitting for 5 minutes. Calculating the mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), the systolic ocular perfusion pressure (SOPP) and diastolic perfusion pressure (DOPP) by the formula and analyzing the data. Main Outcome Measures  MOPP, SOPP, DOPP. Results In both groups of habitual position (sitting position in day and supine position in night), the nocturnal MOPP, SOPP and DOPP were lower than diurnal. In both groups, the nocturnal MOPP was lower than diurnal in habitual position (POAG group t=4.092, P=0.000; healthy group t=4.513, P=0.000). However, there was no obvious difference between those two groups (t=-0.973, P=0.350). POAG group had higher 24-hour fluctuation of MOPP (t=2.204, P=0.039), higher nocturnal fluctuation of SOPP (t=3.097, P=0.018), higher nocturnal and 24-hour fluctuation of DOPP than healthy group, all the differences had statistical significance (all P<0.05).  In POAG group , there was no statistical difference between the nocturnal MOPP and the diurnal MOPP in sitting position or in supine position of 24 h (all P>0.05). POAG group had higher 24-hour mean MOPP in sitting position than in supine position, the difference had statistical significance (t=4.306, P=0.001).  Comparing the MOPP of  POAG group  in habitual position with in sitting position of 24 h, there was no statistical difference(t=-2.101, P=0.080). However, POAG group had higher 24-hour mean MOPP in habitual position than in supine position of 24 h, the difference had statistical significance (t=2.707, P=0.035). Conclusions There circadian fluctuation of  OPP in different position in POAG pations can not be treated as the same. The nocturnal MOPP  was lower than diurnal in habitual position, but there was no obvious difference in the 24h-sitting position and 24h-supine position.  (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 20-25）     

Significance of non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related factors particularly in normal tension glaucoma: Looking beyond IOP

Purpose:To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in patients with POAG and NTG. The secondary objective was to identify other contributory ischemic factors.Methods:This was an observational cross-sectional study from a tertiary eye hospital in patients who underwent full-day diurnal variation of tension (DVT). Blood pressure (BP) and IOP measurements were done every 3 h over 24 h. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MOPP were calculated. The nocturnal dip in BP was assessed; patients were classified as non-dippers, dippers, and over-dippers. The circadian MOPP fluctuation (CMF) was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and its relationship with type and severity of visual field was assessed.Results:In total, 149 patients were evaluated; 109 were classified as NTG, and 40 were classified as POAG. A nocturnal dip in BP was noted in 20% of NTG and 17.5% of POAG. The MAP was found to be lower in patients with NTG than POAG. In the NTG subgroup, we found that 20% of patients were over-dippers, 32% were dippers, and 48% were non-dippers. The CMF showed a greater fluctuation for over-dippers (P = 0.004 for the RE and 0.003 for the LE) than dippers and non-dippers. A weak positive correlation of CMF with the severity of fields was found.Conclusion:A 24-h monitoring of IOP, BP, MOPP, and assessment of systemic risk factors for primary glaucoma acts as an invaluable tool for the comprehensive management of NTG despite the limitations posed by DVT and BP recording.     

Effect of nocturnal blood pressure reduction on circadian fluctuation of mean ocular perfusion pressure: a risk factor for normal tension glaucoma

PURPOSE: To study blood pressure (BP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in patients with untreated normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and to investigate the relationship between circadian MOPP fluctuation and visual field status at initial presentation. METHODS: IOP and BP were evaluated in hospital over 24 hours in 132 patients with NTG, with measurements taken every 2 hours between 12 PM and 10 AM the following day, except for the period between 12 and 6 AM, during which measurements were taken every 3 hours. MOPP was calculated from the 24-hour IOP and BP data. Patients were classified into three groups-nondippers, dippers, and overdippers-corresponding to the degree of reduction in their nocturnal mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with their diurnal MAP. IOP and systemic and ocular hemodynamic parameters were compared among the groups. The correlations between circadian MOPP fluctuation and visual field scores (mean deviation [MD] and corrected pattern standard deviation [CPSD]) at initial presentation were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-one (31.1%) of the patients with NTGs were classified into the nondipper group, 36 (27.2%) into the dipper group, and 55 (41.7%) into the overdipper group. Marked circadian MOPP fluctuation was noted in the overdipper group (P < 0.05). Circadian MOPP fluctuation showed positive associations with visual field indices at initial diagnosis of NTG (P < 0.05, R2 = 0.056 with MD, R2 = 0.038 with CPSD). CONCLUSIONS: Marked circadian MOPP fluctuation was associated with nocturnal BP reduction. Circadian MOPP fluctuation may be a risk factor for the development of NTG.     

Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure pattern associated with early glaucomatous changes

PURPOSE: To characterize the 24-hour pattern of intraocular pressure (IOP) in untreated patients with newly diagnosed early glaucomatous changes. METHODS: Measurements of IOP, blood pressure, and heart rate were taken every 2 hours during a 24-hour period from a group of 24 untreated patients (ages 40-78 years) with newly diagnosed abnormal optic discs and/or abnormal visual fields. In the 16-hour diurnal awake period, IOP was measured sitting and supine, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured supine. In the 8-hour nocturnal sleep period, all measurements were taken in the supine position. Mean diurnal and nocturnal IOP, blood pressure, and heart rate in the glaucoma group were compared with data obtained from an age-matched control group of 24 individuals with healthy eyes. RESULTS: Mean diurnal IOP, either sitting or supine, was significantly higher in the glaucoma group than in the control group. For both subject groups, nocturnal supine IOP was higher than diurnal sitting IOP. However, this diurnal-to-nocturnal increase in IOP was significantly smaller in the glaucoma group. When compared with the diurnal supine IOP, the nocturnal supine IOP was lower in the glaucoma group but higher in the control group. Around normal awakening time, the supine IOP increased in the glaucoma group and did not change in the control group. There was a diurnal-to-nocturnal decrease in mean blood pressure only in the glaucoma group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with healthy eyes, the diurnal IOP is higher, the diurnal-to-nocturnal change of habitual IOP is less, and the posture-independent IOP pattern around normal awakening time is different in eyes with early glaucomatous changes.     

原发性开角型青光眼与24h眼压及眼灌注压的研究进展

原发性开角型青光眼是一类早期无明显临床症状,但随病情进展将导致不可逆的视神经损害及视野缺损的致盲性眼病。眼压是原发性开角型青光眼诊断及评定治疗效果的简单而又重要的指标。临床上,一些治疗中的原发性开角型青光眼患者白天就诊时间所测眼压已达靶眼压,但视神经损害却仍在进展,研究表明可能与夜间眼压的升高、24 h较大的眼压波动及夜间眼灌注压的降低有关。因此,我们对原发性开角型青光眼与眼压及眼灌注压波动的相关文献予以综述,以更好的理解三者之间的关系。     

24小时眼压监测中夜间眼压测量方法的探讨

目的比较24h眼压监测中夜间即刻坐位眼压值和坐起休息10min后测得的眼压值,探讨夜间眼压的不同测量方法对青光眼24h眼压昼夜波动的影响。方法对已确诊且未用药、未做过手术的48例正常眼压性青光眼及17例原发性开角型青光眼患者进行24h眼压监测,每2h1次,其中测量夜间0:00、2:00、4:00眼压时,逐个唤起患者后立即测,后嘱患者坐起休息10min再测,采用SPSS软件以配对t检验分析比较测量结果。结果夜间即刻坐位眼压值和坐起休息10min后测得的眼压值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),正常眼压性青光眼与原发性开角型青光眼间眼压差值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论即刻坐位眼压值能更准确反映夜间眼压,对24h眼压测量及青光眼诊断及治疗更有价值,值得临床应用。     

Effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular pulse amplitude: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose

To examine the effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in those with or at risk for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

We conducted a prospective, double-masked, crossover, randomized controlled trial with 106 subjects: 22 with high tension POAG, 18 with normal tension POAG, 20 with ocular hypertension, 21 POAG suspects, and 25 healthy participants. Subjects ingested either 237 ml of caffeinated (182 mg caffeine) or decaffeinated (4 mg caffeine) coffee for the first visit and the alternate beverage for the second visit. Blood pressure (BP) and pascal dynamic contour tonometer measurements of IOP, OPA, and heart rate were measured before and at 60 and 90 min after coffee ingestion per visit. OPP was calculated from BP and IOP measurements. Results were analysed using paired t-tests. Multivariable models assessed determinants of IOP, OPP, and OPA changes.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline IOP, OPP, and OPA between the caffeinated and decaffeinated visits. After caffeinated as compared with decaffeinated coffee ingestion, mean mm Hg changes (±SD) in IOP, OPP, and OPA were as follows: 0.99 (±1.52, P<0.0001), 1.57 (±6.40, P=0.0129), and 0.23 (±0.52, P<0.0001) at 60 min, respectively; and 1.06 (±1.67, P<0.0001), 1.26 (±6.23, P=0.0398), and 0.18 (±0.52, P=0.0006) at 90 min, respectively. Regression analyses revealed sporadic and inconsistent associations with IOP, OPP, and OPA changes.

Conclusion

Consuming one cup of caffeinated coffee (182 mg caffeine) statistically increases, but likely does not clinically impact, IOP and OPP in those with or at risk for POAG.     

原发性开角型青光眼患者24小时眼压变动规律的临床研究

目的:研究原发性开角型青光眼患者的24h眼压变动规律。方法:选择原发性开角型青光眼患者30人(52只眼,30～60岁),进行24h眼压测量。测量自清晨7∶30开始至第2天清晨7∶30,每2h测1次眼压,共测12次。在7∶00～23∶00时间段测量中,测受检者的坐位眼压和卧位眼压。在23∶00～7∶00时间段测受检者的平卧位眼压。结果:原发性开角型青光眼患者的眼压高峰出现在1∶30,眼压低谷出现在17∶30,24h坐、卧位眼压变动幅度大于24h卧位眼压变动幅度。结论:原发性开角型青光眼患者的眼压高峰大多出现在夜间睡眠时间,夜间眼压控制应引起重视。