乳腺导管造影术在乳腺导管疾病中的应用

目的探讨乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管疾病诊断中的应用。方法回顾分析了56例乳腺导管造影疾病的造影检查资料,病例均经临床检查、钼靶摄片、乳导管造影检查及病理证实。结果肿瘤性病变25例,占44.64%,包括导管内乳头状瘤12例,导管内乳头状癌4例,浸润性导管癌9例;其中导管内乳头状瘤最为多见。非肿瘤性病变31例,占55.36%,其中单纯导管扩张症11例,导管扩张伴慢性乳腺炎18例,单纯导管炎症2例;其中以导管扩张伴慢性乳腺炎最为多见。结论乳腺导管造影术对乳腺导管系统疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断以及导管内乳头状癌的早期诊断具有重要的价值。     

乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管溢液性疾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管溢液性疾病中的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析了52例乳腺导管溢液性疾病的造影检查资料，病例均经临床检查、钼靶摄片、乳腺导管造影检查及病理证实。结果：肿瘤性病变37例．包括导管内乳头状瘤（单发和多发）30例，导管内乳头状癌2例，浸润性导管5例，其中导管内乳头状瘤最为多见。非肿瘤性病变15例，其中单纯导管扩张症U例，导管扩张伴炎症4例；其中以单纯导管扩张症最为多见。结论：乳腺导管造影对乳腺导管溢液性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的价值。     

乳腺导管造影在乳头溢液病因诊断中的价值

目的　探讨乳腺导管造影在乳头溢液病因诊断中的价值。方法　回顾性分析 40例乳头溢液乳腺导管造影X线表现 ,并经临床治疗或手术病理证实。结果　正常导管 7例 ,单纯导管扩张 17例 ,导管扩张伴炎症 4例 ,导管扩张伴增生 2例 ,导管内乳头状瘤 8例 ,乳腺导管癌 1例 ,乳腺脓肿 1例。结论　乳腺导管造影术对乳头溢液为主要症状的病因具有较高的诊断价值 ,为临床提供准确的诊断和治疗依据     

乳腺管造影的诊断价值

作者对乳头有病理性溢液的246名妇女作了306次综合性临床X 线检查,其中包括病史、体检、化验、细胞学检查、X 线摄片、乳腺管造影等。所有这些检查都在经前期进行,以排除内分泌的影响,通过综合性临床X 线检查,诊断为弥漫性纤维囊性乳腺病144例、结节性乳腺病12例、纤维腺瘤29例、囊肿16例、导管内乳头状瘤2例,乳腺癌7例,36例未发现病变。作者共作了283次乳腺管造影,发现乳头有病理性溢液而乳腺管无改变者占14.1%、乳腺管扩张变形占59.1%、导管内囊肿占3.5%、导管内乳头状瘤占11.5%、乳头状瘤病占4.6%、导管内癌占7.2%。     

乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管内疾病诊断中的价值

目的分析乳腺导管造影在乳腺导管内疾病中的影像学表现,比较乳腺导管内疾病在乳腺导管造影与其他影像学检查的影像特点,及乳腺导管造影对导管内疾病诊断的优势,并分析其病理结果,以提高诊断水平。方法对临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的溢液乳腺疾病20例,包括乳腺癌3例、导管内乳头状瘤9例、乳腺导管扩张症6例及2例乳腺囊性增生病,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现及病理特征。结果本组20例:乳腺常规检查诊断导管扩张4例,乳腺囊性增生2例,乳头状瘤0例,乳腺癌1例;乳腺常规检查对乳腺导管内病变检出正确率40%。乳腺导管造影检查诊断导管扩张6例,乳腺囊性增生2例,乳头状瘤9例,乳腺癌2例;乳腺导管造影钼靶摄影对乳腺导管内病变检出正确率为95%。结论乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病是一项安全而有效的检查方法,对乳腺导管内占位性病变的定位、定性诊断具有极高价值。对导管扩张症、乳腺囊性增生病等疾病亦能作出较准确的诊断。乳腺导管造影在导管内疾病及早期乳腺癌的诊断中具有不可替代的优势。     

血性乳头溢液的乳腺导管造影诊断

目的 探讨乳腺导管造影在血性溢液性乳腺病中的诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾分析经临床与手术病理证实的25例血性乳头溢液患者乳腺导管造影及钼靶平片的X线表现.结果 导管乳头状瘤1l例,表现为边缘光整的圆形、类圆形充盈缺损;导管内乳头状瘤病2例,表现为末梢导管内多发"斑点"状充盈缺损;导管扩张伴炎症5例,表现为导管扩张、管壁毛糙、模糊;乳腺囊性增生2例,表现为末梢导管呈囊状扩张;乳腺囊肿伴感染1例,表现为对比剂充盈的类圆形高密度影,边缘模糊;导管内癌4例,表现为不规则充盈缺损,导管不规则变形、狭窄、扩张、中断,管壁僵硬.结论 乳腺导管造影能为血性溢液性乳腺病作出明确的病因诊断,为临床治疗方案的制定提供准确的依据.     

伴乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现,并分析其病理基础,以提高诊断水平。方法:临床表现有乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌23例,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现,并与手术病理结果进行对比分析。结果:23例中原位癌8例,浸润性导管癌10例(包括单纯癌6例、乳头状癌4例),导管癌早期浸润3例,乳头状瘤病恶变2例。病理上诊断早期癌13例(56.5%),其中8例临床未触及乳腺肿块。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损并伴有不同程度的导管扩张12例;乳腺肿瘤侵蚀导管形成潭湖征5例;溢液导管受乳腺肿块推挤,导管变形3例;导管持续显影、管壁不规则伴广泛微钙化灶1例。本组中乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为82.6%。结论:乳腺导管造影对伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的检出是一项安全、有效的检查方法,能准确观察到肿块与溢液导管的位置关系、溢液导管受侵蚀程度,而且还能检测出临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌。     

数字钼靶摄影乳腺导管造影对伴乳头溢液导管癌的诊断

目的 评价数字钼靶摄影选择性乳腺导管造影对伴乳头溢液导管癌的诊断.方法 回顾性分析11例导管癌伴有乳头溢液的乳腺导管造影检查资料,所有病例均常规进行数字钼靶摄影、患侧乳腺导管造影并经手术后病理证实.结果 乳腺钼靶摄影平片阳性7例,乳腺导管造影阳性11例.造影表现为乳腺导管管壁破坏3例,充盈缺损4例,乳腺导管中断11例、僵硬3例、断续征6例,乳腺导管树的"枯树枝"或"残树枝"状改变2例、潭湖征4例,伴有病变近端乳腺导管扩张3例.结论 乳腺导管造影对诊断伴有溢液的导管癌,尤其对导管内癌或癌前期病变具有定位、定性诊断价值,并且对外科医师确定手术切除范围具有指导意义.     

溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现及病理基础

目的:分析溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现及其病理基础,为临床提供可靠的诊断依据,以提高早期乳腺癌的诊治水平。方法:临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌患者26例,回顾性观察其乳腺导管造影表现,并与病理结果对比分析。结果:26例中,导管原位癌8例;浸润性导管癌5例;导管原位癌伴早期浸润7例;复合型癌3例,其中导管原位癌合并浸润性小叶癌2例,浸润性导管癌合并浸润性小叶癌1例;导管内乳头状瘤病癌变3例,其中乳腺X线平片未发现异常5例,毛刺或分叶状肿块2例,肿块伴钙化9例,多形性钙化灶10例。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损伴有不同程度导管扩张;导管管壁浸润破坏对比剂渗漏,形成"潭湖征";导管管壁不规则,呈"虫蚀样"改变或"断续征"。本组乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为88.4%。结论:乳腺导管造影是溢液性乳腺癌诊断的安全而有效的检查方法,具有很高的定性、定位诊断价值,尤其对临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌能作出较准确的诊断,提高了早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

乳腺导管造影的X线分析及临床应用

目的探讨乳腺导管造影的X线表现特征及其临床意义。方法本组600例乳头溢液患者行乳腺导管造影,且均经手术病理证实,其中乳头溢液为血性或浆液血性298例(占49.8%),浆液性150例(占25%),清水样106例(占17.7%),其它46例(占7.7%)。结果X线上乳腺导管分为3型:枝叶型354例,占59%;支干型127例,占26.2%;干型87例,占14.8%。主要X线病理表现:导管扩张578例(占96.3%),导管变形561例(占93.5%),导管内充盈缺损349例(占58.2%)及导管破坏39例(占6.5%)。乳腺癌42例(占7%),导管内乳头状瘤312例(占52%),导管扩张症129例(占21.5%),炎症26例(占4.3%),增生症49例(占8.2%),乳腺囊肿25例(占4.2%)以及阴性病例17例(占2.8%)。结论乳腺导管造影有助于乳头溢液的病因诊断。     

乳腺导管造影在溢液性乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨不同病理类型的溢液性乳腺癌在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法：搜集经手术病理证实并行乳腺X线片及腺导管造影检查的乳腺癌108例,溢液性质为血性62例,浆液46例,临床因溢液而疑及乳腺癌。分析不同病理类型乳腺癌（浸润性导管癌64例,浸润性小叶癌23例,其他21例包括髓样癌7例,化生性癌1例,富于脂质癌2例,导管原位癌7例,粘液癌1例,浸润性乳头状癌3例）在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象。结果：乳腺癌导管造影主要征象：鼠尾征13例,导管走行僵直16例,充盈缺损（杯口征）7例,导管扩张99例,截断征（刀切征）24例,导管结构紊乱60例,断续征37例,虫蚀样改变30例,潭湖征32例。108例乳腺癌中有106例合并两种以上征象。浸润性导管癌最多见,64例,占50%;其次为浸润性小叶癌,23例,占21.3%。结论：充分认识溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影征象,对进一步明确乳腺癌的诊断具有重要价值,合并征象越多,对乳腺癌的诊断价值越高。     

Adjunctive diagnostic value of ultrasonography evaluation in patients with suspected ductal breast disease

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive diagnostic value of breast ultrasonography (US) in the study of benign ductal breast disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients underwent US examinations for bloody nipple discharge, palpable retroareolar masses, retroareolar opacities or ductal pattern on mammography. US enabled visualisation of mammary-duct ectasia (simple or pseudocystic, retroareolar and/or peripheral) and focal masses (endoluminal or periductal, with ill-defined or regular margins). All patients with nipple discharge underwent cytological evaluation. After the US examination, all focal masses with ill-defined margins underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), if necessary. The benign alterations were followed up. RESULTS: In 38/52 cases, US diagnosed mammary-duct ectasia and in 30/52 cases, the presence of focal masses (mean size 7 mm). In the nine women who underwent biopsy, histopathological evaluation diagnosed five solitary papillomas, one solitary papilloma with a focal area of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), two multiple papillomas of the nipple and one papillomatosis. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency US plays an important role in the detection of benign ductal disease both for the diagnosis and classification of focal masses and mammary-duct ectasia. US can be used as a complementary imaging method to galactography or as a valuable alternative when galactography is not available.     

Breast disease in the male: galactographic evaluation

Seven men with unilateral nipple discharge underwent galactography. In two patients the diagnosis was carcinoma, two were benign papillomas, one was a breast abscess, and two were ductal ectasia. Galactography is useful in men and women with nipple discharge, especially when the discharge is bloody and there is no palpable tumor. The precise location of an intraductal lesion through the use of galactography guides the biopsy and makes conservative surgery easier.     

Predictive value of galactographic patterns for benign and malignant neoplasms of the breast in patients with nipple discharge

The purpose was to identify features of malignant and non-malignant neoplastic breast disease on galactography and to estimate their predictive value. This is the largest reported study correlating galactographic morphological patterns with histopathology and the only blinded study. The study included 351 consecutive galactograms and 161 breast biopsies performed in patients with nipple discharge over a 10-year period. Three radiologists, blinded to clinical data and histological results, re-evaluated 158 previously performed galactograms of patients who had undergone excision biopsy. Extravasation or incomplete filling precluded reading in 9.5% of examinations. Among the remaining 143 examinations there were 11 cancers (7.7%), 56 papillomas (39.2%), 19 cases of intraductal papillomatous proliferation (13.3%), 55 cases of fibrocystic or secretory disease (38.5%) and two normals. A "filling defect/cut-off" pattern (n = 90) was found in 6 cancers (6.7%) and 58 cases of papilloma or papillomatous proliferation (64.4%). A "leafless tree" pattern was found only in benign cases (n = 12; 8.4%). In 32 of 143 cases (22.4%) a "ductal ectasia" pattern was present, in one case of which (3.1%) cancer was found. Cancer was identified in two of four cases with an "architectural distortion" pattern. Cancer is rare in patients with nipple discharge. A tendency towards a lower incidence of cancer associated with the "ductal ectasia" and "leafless tree" patterns was found. No statistical evidence was found to indicate that galactography provides an effective prospective diagnosis of malignancy. However, an abnormal galactogram strongly correlated (p < 0.001) with the presence of a breast neoplasm when both benign and malignant tumours were considered. The most important role played by galactography is in the localization of breast neoplasms and in the choice of appropriate surgical therapy.     

Role of breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with unilateral nipple discharge: preliminary study

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with unilateral nipple discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with bloody or serosanguineous nipple discharge and negative mammographic findings (35/44 cases) underwent MRI for evaluation of breast ducts. Ultrasonography, negative in 18 patients, identified 26 cases of ductal ectasia (12 simple, nine with solid intraductal echoes and wall thickening, five with inhomogeneous parenchyma). Galactography was negative in three patients and positive in nine. Nineteen patients were followed up by clinical examination, ultrasonography, and cytological evaluation of nipple discharge (6-12 months); three patients underwent excisional biopsy, ten core biopsy and 12 cytological biopsy (followed by excisional biopsy). RESULTS: MRI identified 25 enhancing lesions Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) 3 or 4) and confirmed the galactographic findings (ductal ectasia, intraluminal filling defects). Five papillomatoses appeared as patchy, homogeneous enhancing areas, 15 intraductal papillomas as areas with well-defined margins and type II time-intensity curves, and two atypical ductal hyperplasias as diffuse nodular enhancement. One micropapillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), one papillary carcinoma and one infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) were visualised as two segmental areas of enhancement and one mass-like enhancement with poorly defined margins (BI-RADS 4). The follow-up was negative, showing no pathological enhancement (BI-RADS 1) in 12 patients and benign enhancement (BI-RADS 2) in seven. CONCLUSIONS: Breast MRI can be considered a valuable examination in the diagnosis of suspected ductal disease and an alternative to galactography when the latter cannot be used.     

溢液性乳腺疾病导管造影X线征象与病理结果分析

目的:分析溢液性乳腺疾病的乳腺导管造影表现及病理基础,以提高其X线诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析216例溢液性乳腺疾病患者的导管造影及病理资料。结果:共有226支导管造影成功。无明显异常呈阴性表现者占7.5%(17/226);肿瘤性疾病占26.5%(60/226),包括导管内乳头状瘤、导管癌,其中以导管内乳头状瘤多见(22.0%);非肿瘤性疾病占59.7%(135/226),包括导管扩张、炎症及乳腺囊性增生,其中以炎症最多见(39.4%,89/226)。结论:乳腺导管造影对溢液性乳腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

乳头溢液性疾病的高频超声与乳腺导管声学造影的对比研究

目的:探讨乳腺导管声学造影对乳头溢液性病变的诊断价值。方法:34例乳头溢液患者术前均行高频超声及声学造影检查,所有检查结果均与手术病理结果比较。结果:乳头溢液疾病高频超声及声学造影检查结果与手术病理结果比较诊断符合率分别为61.7%及79.4%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。导管内乳头状瘤高频超声与声学造影诊断符合率分别为40%及73.3%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺导管声学造影可提高导管内小病变的检出率,显示详细的病变部位及扩张的导管,为手术提供重要的参考依据。尤其是导管内乳头状瘤声学造影检查明显优于高频超声检查。此种检查简单、方便、准确性较高,可作为乳头溢液性疾病的首选检查方法。