PDH调控的糖代谢途径对缺氧后复氧的大鼠肥大心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨丙酮酸脱氢酶(pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDH)介导糖代谢途径对缺血再灌注肥大心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法应用血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ, Ang Ⅱ) 去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine, NE)诱导体外培养的大鼠心肌细胞肥大,采用[3H]-Leu掺入法和测定细胞表面积来鉴定心肌细胞肥大;通过体外培养心肌细胞的缺氧复氧模拟缺血再灌注模型;分别以二氯乙酸(dichloroacetate, DCA)和抗阿霉素A(Antimycin A)干预并采用同位素液闪记数法测定PDH活性;流式细胞术测定细胞caspase-3表达; TUNEL检测细凋亡率.结果①AngⅡ 0.1 μmol/L NE 1 μmol/L使心肌细胞体积增大49.73%,[3H]-Leu掺入量增加115.17%, P<0.05.② DCA和Antimycin A分别增强和抑制PDH活性,呈量效关系,而无明显时间依赖性.③ DCA各组100 μmol/L,1 000 μmol/L,10 000 μmol/L均能抑制caspase-3表达和降低细胞凋亡率,出现量效反应和时间依赖性.④ Antimycin A各组0.1 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L均增强caspase-3表达和增加凋亡率,也出现量效反应和时间依赖性.结论 caspase-3表达和细胞凋亡率与PDH活性呈反向变化,PDH介导的糖代谢途径参与了缺氧后复氧的肥大心肌细胞的凋亡过程.     

非对称二甲基精氨酸诱导大鼠心肌细胞肥大的作用

目的：探讨非对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）诱导心肌细胞肥大的作用机制。方法：原代取材新生SD大鼠的心肌细胞进行细胞培养。原代培养的第4天，用不同浓度的ADMA（4～16μmol／L）和L-精氨酸（L-arg）（0．8～3．2mmol/L）处理心肌细胞，24h后测定细胞上清液中一氧化氮（NO）的含量、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性，细胞内氧活性物质（ROS）的水平、RNA含量、总蛋白量以及心肌细胞表面积。结果：①4μmol／L，8μmol／L，16μmol／L的ADMA分别能剂量依赖性使细胞内NO的含量减少，NOS的活性降低（P〈0．05）；②16μmol／L的ADMA能使心肌细胞内ROS的水平升高、细胞内RNA含量和总蛋白含量增加以及心肌细胞表面积增加（P〈0．05）；⑧0．8mmol／L，1．6mmol／L，3．2mmol/L的L-arg对ADMA诱导的心肌细胞内ROS水平的升高、细胞内RNA含量和总蛋白含量的增加以及心肌细胞表面积的增加产生剂量依赖性的抑制作用（P〈0．05）。结论：ADMA能够诱导心肌细胞肥大，NO的前体L-arg能够剂量依赖性地抑制ADMA诱导的心肌细胞肥大。     

葡萄糖浓度对乳鼠心肌细胞自噬的影响

目的观察葡萄糖浓度对乳鼠心肌细胞自噬的影响。方法建立体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞模型,随机分成对照组（5．5mmol／L）,高糖组（25mmol／L）,对照＋雷帕霉素组（100nmol／L）,高糖＋雷帕霉素组（100nmol／L）。分别测定各组心肌细胞面积;用RT-PCR检测心肌肥大标记基因[心房利钠肽（ANP）、β-肌球蛋白重链（13-MHC）]表达情况;运用Western印迹检测自噬标记性蛋白微管相关蛋白3（LC-3）的表达。结果（1）高糖组心肌细胞肥大相关指标较对照组升高,高糖组LC-3的表达较对照组减低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）高糖＋雷帕霉素组心肌细胞肥大相关指标较对照＋雷帕霉素组升高,高糖＋雷帕霉素组LC-3较对照＋雷帕霉素组减低,但差异均无统计学意义。（3）高糖＋雷帕霉素组心肌细胞肥大相关指标较高糖组减低,高糖＋雷帕霉素组LC-3表达较高糖组升高,差异均有统计学意义。结论（1）培养基中葡萄糖浓度升高可导致心肌细胞肥大,同时合并有心肌细胞自噬水平的下降。（2）在高糖培养基中加入雷帕霉素可升高心肌细胞的自噬水平,同时抑制高糖导致心肌细胞肥大效果。（3）培养基中葡萄糖浓度升高导致心肌细胞肥大的效果可能与心肌细胞自噬水平的改变相关。（4）结合本实验的研究结果,自噬在糖尿病性心肌病方面可能起一定作用。     

迷迭香酸激活Parkin介导的线粒体自噬并抑制高糖诱导的心肌细胞肥大

目的 评估迷迭香酸对高糖培养下心肌细胞线粒体自噬水平以及细胞肥大的影响。方法 体外培养H9c2大鼠心肌母细胞,分为对照组（葡萄糖5.5 mmol/L）、高糖组（葡萄糖25 mmol/L）、高糖+迷迭香酸组（葡萄糖25 mmol/L+迷迭香酸50 μmol/L）、高糖+迷迭香酸+Parkin-siRNA组（葡萄糖25 mmol/L+迷迭香酸50 μmol/L+Parkin-siRNA转染）;Western blot法测定PINK1、Parkin、LC3II/LC3I蛋白表达水平,透射电子显微镜下观察线粒体自噬体形成情况,流式细胞术检测活性氧物质（ROS）与凋亡水平,分光光度法检测细胞线粒体呼吸链复合酶活性,荧光酶标法检测线粒体膜电位水平,3H-亮氨酸标记法检测细胞蛋白质合成速率,光学显微镜下检测心肌细胞表面积。结果 迷迭香酸可提高高糖培养下心肌细胞内PINK1、Parkin、LC3-II/LC3-I蛋白表达水平（P<0.05）,增多线粒体自噬体数量,并抑制高糖诱导的ROS生成、恢复线粒体呼吸链复合酶活性与线粒体膜电位水平（P<0.05）,抑制高糖诱导的细胞凋亡（P<0.05）,并降低心肌细胞表面积与蛋白质合成速率（P<0.05）。利用Parkin-siRNA抑制心肌细胞线粒体自噬,则阻断了迷迭香酸对高糖培养下心肌细胞氧化应激与心肌细胞肥大的保护作用（P<0.05）。结论 迷迭香酸可通过激活Parkin介导的线粒体自噬,对高糖诱导心肌细胞的氧化应激损伤有保护作用,并改善心肌细胞肥大。     

盐酸曲美他嗪对2型糖尿病合并冠心病的临床疗效观察

冠心病是冠状动脉供血不足导致心肌缺血缺氧的临床综合征。心肌缺血缺氧时，有氧代谢障碍而无氧酵解增加，乳酸和丙酮酸蓄积，血中游离脂肪酸上升，进而增加心肌耗氧量，加重心肌缺血。研究证实，盐酸曲美他嗪（万爽力）通过抑制脂肪酸β氧化，减少脂肪酸的毒性；促进葡萄糖氧化，改善糖酵解与糖氧化的匹配，减轻细胞内酸中毒；钠和钙的积聚，保护细胞收缩功能，限制氧自由基造成的细胞溶解和内膜损伤。增加氧的利用率和ATP的生成，     

淫羊藿苷改善高糖培养乳鼠心肌细胞活性的线粒体相关机制

目的研究淫羊藿苷对抗体外高浓度葡萄糖诱导乳鼠心肌细胞的损伤及其潜在的线粒体相关机制。方法SD乳鼠心肌细胞分别在含5.5mmol／L葡萄糖（正常对照组）、5．5mmol／L葡萄糖＋20.0mmol／L甘露醇（高渗对照组）、25.5mmol／L葡萄糖（高糖损伤组）、25.5mmol／L葡萄糖＋10μmol／L淫羊藿苷（低剂量淫羊藿昔保护组）和25.5mmol／L葡萄糖＋100μmol／L淫羊藿苷（高剂量淫羊藿苷保护组）的培养基中进行原代培养48h后,检测细胞活力、细胞培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量、细胞活性氧自由基（ROS）生成、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,同时检测心肌线粒体跨膜电位,并检测线粒体通透性转换孔（MPTP）开放值。结果与正常对照组比较,高糖培养组心肌细胞活性、细胞SOD活性及心肌线粒体跨膜电位水平均显著下降（P〈0．01）,而培养上清液LDH含量、细胞ROS生成及心肌细胞MPTP开放值则明显升高（P〈001）。淫羊藿苷干预减轻了高糖对心肌细胞各项指标的损伤,尤其是高剂量淫羊藿苷保护组的细胞活性、LDH漏出量、ROS生成值、SOD活性、MPTP开放值、线粒体跨膜电位均有明显改善。高渗对照组各项指标与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论淫羊藿苷对体外高糖培养乳鼠心肌细胞具有保护作用,其作用机制可能通过提高细月旬抗眚化能力．减少ROS诱导的心肌MPTP开放程度．维持线粒体正常跨膜电位而实现的。     

牛磺酸降低高糖诱导的视网膜谷氨酸兴奋性及其机制

目的观察牛磺酸对高糖诱导的视网膜谷氨酸兴奋性的影响并探讨其作用的机制。方法体外培养并采用免疫细胞荧光双标鉴定视网膜Muller细胞。实验分10组,分别是：5mmol／L葡萄糖培养组（正常对照组）,5mmol／L葡萄糖＋0．1mmol／L牛磺酸培养组,5mmol／L葡萄糖＋1mmol／L牛磺酸培养组,5mmol／L葡萄糖＋10mmol／L牛磺酸培养组,25mmol／L葡萄糖培养组（高葡萄糖组）,25mmol／L葡萄糖＋0．1mmol／L牛磺酸培养组,25mmol／L葡萄糖＋1mmol／L牛磺酸培养组,25mmol／L葡萄糖＋10mmol／L牛磺酸培养组,5mmol／L葡萄糖＋20mmol／L甘露醇组（甘露醇对照组）。RT—PCR检测谷氨酸转运蛋白（GLAST）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（Gs）表达,p液闪技术检测谷氨酸摄取活性,谷氨酰胺合成酶检测试剂盒检测GS活性。结果25mmol／L高葡萄糖培养后Muller细胞中GLAST、GSmRNA表达量较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0．05）,L-[2,3-3H]-谷氨酸摄取活性由正常对照组的（726±12）cpro／（rain·mgprotein）降为（352±10）cpm／（min·mgprotein）,GS活性由（41．1±2．3）μmol／L γ-谷氨酰羟肟酸（GHA）／（h·nagprotein）降为（20．3±2．1）μmol／LGHA／（h·mgprotein）（P〈0．05）。加入1、10mmol／L牛磺酸干预可明显上调高葡萄糖组Miller细胞中GLAST、GSmRNA表达量,增加L-[2,3-3H]-谷氨酸摄取活性和GS活性（P〈O．05）。加入0．1mmoI／L牛磺酸干预可上调高葡萄糖组Mallet细胞中GLAST、GSmRNA表达量,增加L-[2,3-3H]-谷氨酸摄取活性和GS活性,与高葡萄糖组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。甘露醇对照组Muller细胞中GLAST、GSmRNA表达量、L-[2,3-3H]-谷氨酸摄取活性和GS活性与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。结论牛磺酸能降低高糖引起的视网膜谷氨酸兴奋性,其作用机制可能通过上调Muller细胞谷氨酸转运和降解能力,从而维持细胞外空间正常的谷氨酸浓度。     

二氯乙酸对肥大心肌细胞缺氧复氧的抗凋亡作用

目的研究缺氧复氧损伤诱导体外培养新生大鼠的肥大心肌细胞凋亡及干预糖代谢对此过程的作用.方法取体外培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞,以血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ, AngⅡ)诱导其肥大,分4组:一组于3%O2、5%CO2、92%N2的培养箱中培养12、24、36 h,再恢复正常条件培养4 h,造成缺氧复氧损伤的肥大心肌细胞模型;另三组加入二氯乙酸盐(dichloroacetate, DCA)分别使其终浓度为10-3、10-4、 10-5 mmol/L,再缺氧复氧相同时间;电镜观察肥大心肌细胞及凋亡细胞的超微结构变化;Hochest33342/PI荧光染色识别凋亡细胞;TUNEL法观察心肌细胞凋亡形态学特征,并记数凋亡心肌细胞数,检测心肌细胞凋亡率.结果肥大心肌细胞在缺氧12、24和36 h后复氧4 h,TUNEL法可检测到阳性的凋亡细胞,凋亡率分别为:(19.99±4.88)%,(22.66±5.08)%和(24.47±5.74)%;肥大心肌细胞缺氧培养12、24、36 h后加入DCA10-3mmol/L再复氧4 h检测其凋亡率分别为(16.5±3.24)%, (9.7±3.52)%和(22.5±3.41)%;肥大心肌细胞缺氧培养12、24、36 h后加入DCA10-4mmol/L再复氧4 h检测其凋亡率分别(17.4±3.72)%, (20.6±3.94)%和(23.5±3.76)%;肥大心肌细胞缺氧培养12、24、36 h后加入DCA10-5mmol/L再复氧4 h检测其凋亡率分别(18.4±3.44)%, (21.3±3.77)%和(23.8±3.73)%.结论缺氧引起的心肌细胞凋亡率随着缺氧时间的延长而增高;缺氧复氧较单纯缺氧肥大心肌细胞凋亡率增加; DCA对缺氧复氧损伤引起的肥大心肌细胞凋亡有抑制作用.     

不同运动方式对大鼠异柠檬酸脱氢酶和磷酸果糖激酶-1的影响

目的：探讨不同运动形式对大鼠有氧氧化关键酶-异柠檬酸脱氢酶和酵解关键酶-磷酸果糖激酶-1的影响。方法：72只SD雄性大鼠采用Bedford TG标准的跑台运动方式建立对照组（C）、无氧（E1）和有氧（E2）运动3组模型;每组模型的大鼠随机分为3组：运动2周组、运动4周组和运动6周组。采用酶联法测定异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）,6-磷酸果糖激酶-1（PFK）的活性。结果：无氧组IDH和PFK的活性随运动时间的延长均逐步增加,有氧组IDH活性增加,PFK活性降低。IDH活性在运动4周组酶活性最高。结论：与有氧组相比,无氧运动更能有效提高糖酵解和有氧氧化代谢能力,可以作为一种有效方式来指导人们训练。     

曲美他嗪对2型糖尿病患者血乳酸水平的影响

曲美他嗪是一种心肌细胞能量代谢调节剂,通过抑制心肌细胞线粒体内酮脂酰硫解酶活性,从而抑制心肌细胞脂肪酸β氧化;并通过增强心肌细胞线粒体内丙酮酸脱氢酶系活性,从而促进葡萄糖有氧氧化的作用.在糖尿病合并高脂血症、血管病变时,由于存在缺氧,会出现血乳酸水平升高.曲美他嗪是否可改善2型糖尿病血乳酸水平升高目前还不清楚.本研究对2型糖尿病患者使用曲美他嗪前后血乳酸水平进行观察,旨在了解曲美他嗪对2型糖尿病血乳酸水平的影响.     

一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮介导人参皂苷Rb1对心肌细胞肥大的抑制效应

目的在血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ,CoCl2)诱导乳鼠心肌细胞肥大基础上,探讨人参皂苷Rb1(ginsen-oside Rb1,Gs-Rb1)是否可通过一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮(NOS/NO)系统减轻心肌细胞肥大。方法将乳鼠心肌细胞随机分为对照组、AngⅡ组、Gs-Rb1组、Gs-Rb1+L-NAME(NOS抑制剂)组、Gs-Rb1+AngⅡ+L-NAME组,AngⅡ、L-NAME和Gs-Rb1浓度分别是10μmol/L、1 mmol/L和200μmol/L;分别测定心肌细胞表面积、细胞培养液NO浓度和心肌细胞NOS活性。结果 (1)Gs-Rb1显著抑制AngⅡ所致的心肌细胞肥大(P=0.00),但不能使心肌细胞回复到正常大小;Gs-Rb1减小心肌细胞表面积的效应可被L-NAME显著抑制(P=0.00)。(2)AngⅡ降低心肌细胞NO浓度的效应可被Gs-Rb1显著抑制(P=0.00),但L-NAME可完全抑制Gs-Rb1对心肌细胞的NO分泌效应。(3)Gs-Rb1显著增加心肌细胞在AngⅡ干预时的NOS活性(P=0.00),该效应被L-NAME完全抑制。(4)心肌细胞表面积与NOS(r=0.59,P=0.00)、NO(r=0.62,P=0.00)均呈正相关。结论 Gs-Rb1显著抑制AngⅡ所致的心肌细胞肥大,此效应至少部分通过NOS/NO系统实现。     

Effects of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, KN-93, on electrophysiological features of rabbit hypertrophic cardiac myocytes

Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in clinical settings and the incidence of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias are closely related.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK) Ⅱ inhibitor,KN-93,on L-type calcium current(I Ca,L) and early after-depolarizations(EADs) in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.A rabbit model of myocardial hypertrophy was constructed through abdominal aortic coarctation(LVH group).The control group(sham group) received a sham operation,in which the abdominal aortic was dissected but not coarcted.Eight weeks later,the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) was evaluated using echocardiography.Individual cardiomyocyte was isolated through collagenase digestion.Action potentials(APs) and I Ca,L were recorded using the perforated patch clamp technique.APs were recorded under current clamp conditions and I Ca,L was recorded under voltage clamp conditions.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were observed under the conditions of low potassium(2 mmol/L),low magnesium(0.25 mmol/L) Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency(0.25-0.5 Hz) electrical stimulation.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were also evaluated after treatment with different concentrations of KN-92(KN-92 group) and KN-93(KN-93 group).Eight weeks later,the model was successfully established.Under the conditions of low potassium,low magnesium Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency electrical stimulation,the incidence of EADs was 0/12,11/12,10/12,and 5/12 in sham group,LVH group,KN-92 group(0.5 μmol/L),and KN-93 group(0.5 μmol/L),respectively.When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L in KN-92 group and KN-93 group,the incidence of EADs was 10/12 and 2/12,respectively.At 0 mV,the current density was 6.7±1.0 and 6.3±0.7 PA·PF-1 in LVH group and sham group,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was 0.5 μmol/L i     

地西他滨联合丙戊酸钠体外诱导1例AML-M2复发患者原始细胞凋亡分化的作用研究

目的探讨地西他滨(decitabine,DCA)和丙戊酸钠(valproic acid,VPA)联用对1例复发性AML-M2患者原始细胞体外的影响。方法分选此例患者骨髓原始细胞,设立药物分组如下:对照组,DCA单药A组(1.0μmol/L),DCA单药B组(4.0μmol/L),VPA单药组(2.0mmol/L),联合用药A组(DCA 1.0μmol/L+VPA 2.0mmol/L),联合用药B组(DCA 4.0μmol/L+VPA 2.0mmol/L),作用48h。应用流式细胞术检测早期凋亡率和CD117、CD14表达率。结果相对于各自的单药组,联合用药A组和联合用药B组均能显著提高早期凋亡率和CD14表达,抑制CD117的表达(P<0.01)。结论体外DCA联合VPA能显著加强抗白血病效应。     

AMPK对心肌细胞FOXO3a转录因子活性以及 泛素连接酶MAFbx表达的影响

 【目的】 研究5-氨基-4甲酰胺咪唑核糖核苷酸(AICAR)对心肌细胞转录因子FOXO3a的活性以及泛素连接酶MAFbx蛋白表达的影响,探讨AMP激活的蛋白激酶 (AMPK)在心肌细胞蛋白质降解中所起的作用&#65377;【方法】 用不同浓度AICAR干预培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞6 h,观察AICAR对心肌细胞AMPK的激活作用&#65377;再将培养的心肌细胞分成3组:对照组,AICAR组,AICAR + Compound C组&#65377;用Western blot 检测AMPK激活对心肌细胞FOXO3a转录因子活性,以及MAFbx蛋白表达的影响&#65377; 【结果】 ① 与对照组比较,0.25 mmol/L与0.5 mmol/L AICAR处理6 h后心肌细胞AMPK活性升高(P < 0.05),而1.0 mmol/L与2.0 mmol/L AICAR组AMPK 活性增加更明显(P < 0.01)&#65377;② 与对照组比较,AICAR 激活AMPK后显著增加FOXO3a转录活性(P < 0.01),促进MAFbx蛋白表达(P < 0.01),而特异性的AMPK抑制剂Compound C 则明显抑制了该作用&#65377; 【结论】 AMPK可能通过激活心肌细胞FOXO3a的转录活性,上调MAFbx蛋白表达,参与心肌细胞蛋白质降解的调控&#65377;     

缬沙坦抑制缺氧时肥大心肌细胞凋亡及Cx43表达下调

目的探讨缬沙坦对缺氧环境下肥大心肌细胞缝隙连接蛋白Cx43表达的影响。方法培养心肌细胞或在诱导肥大后分别缺氧24h,采用免疫荧光方法和Western-blot法分别检测缝隙连接蛋白Cx43总蛋白表达变化,同时观察缬沙坦对缺氧状态下肥大心肌细胞Cx43表达的影响。结果缺氧24h后可致正常心肌细胞Cx43表达下调13%（P〈0.01）,心肌细胞经血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导48h后可出现肥大,而肥大心肌细胞比正常心肌细胞在缺氧24h后Cx43总蛋白表达显示出更明显的下调（P〈0.01）,缬沙坦可抑制缺氧状态下肥大心肌细胞的凋亡和Cx43总蛋白表达的下调。结论缺氧可导致心肌细胞Cx43表达下调,而肥大心肌细胞在缺氧时总蛋白下调更为明显,而缬沙坦可部分抑制肥大心肌细胞缺氧时的凋亡和Cx43总蛋白下调,这可能与缬沙坦改善缺氧时肥大心肌的电生理重构和恶性心律失常的机制有关。     

异丙酚对高糖诱导心肌细胞肥大时血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的:观察血红素加氧酶-1在高糖诱导的心肌细胞肥大中的表达,以及异丙酚对其表达的影响。方法:体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞,分组给药后,用BCA法测心肌细胞的蛋白质含量;用计算机图像分析系统检测心肌细胞表面积;用DCFH-DA活性氧检测试剂盒检测细胞内氧自由基的产生;用RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测心肌细胞中HO-1mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:高糖组心肌细胞表面积、细胞蛋白含量及氧自由基产生均升高。50μmol/L浓度的异丙酚对高糖诱导的肥大心肌细胞表面积、细胞蛋白含量及氧自由基的产生均有显著的抑制作用,而给予HO-1抑制剂后其作用明显减弱。结论:HO-1可能参与了异丙酚抑制心肌细胞肥大的作用。     

The histone deacetylase inhibitor, 2-propylpentanoic acid, increases the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human glioma cell lines in vitro

Background Treatment for malignant glioma generally consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of 2-propylpentanoic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in human glioma cell lines. Methods Human glioma cell lines, T98-G, and SF295, were treated with temozolomide (TMZ) or irradiation (IR), with or without VPA (1.0 mmol/L). Then, cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival assay was performed. Cell cycle stage, apoptosis, and autophagy were also detected using flow cytometry and dansyl monocadaverin (MDC) incorporation assay. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to analyze the differences among variant groups. Results Mild cytotoxicity of VPA was revealed in both cell lines, T98-G and SF295, with the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) value of (3.85?0.58) mmol/L and (2.15?0.38) mmol/L, respectively; while the IC50 value of TMZ was (0.20?0.09) mmol/L for T98-G and (0.08?0.02) mmol/L for SF295. Moreover, if combined with VPA (1.0 mmol/L) for 96 hours, the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ was significant increased (P <0.05). The surviving fractions at 2 Gy (SF2) of T98-G and SF295 cells exposed to IR alone were 0.52 and 0.58. However, when VPA was combined with IR, the SF2 of T98-G and SF295 dropped to 0.39 (P=0.047) and 0.49 (P=0.049), respectively. Treatment with VPA plus TMZ or IR also resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of cells in the G2 phase and increased apoptotic rates as well as autophagy in T98-G and SF295 cell lines (P <0.01). Conclusion VPA may enhance the activities of TMZ and IR on glioma cells possibly through cell cycle block and promote autophagy, and thus could be a potential sensitizer of glioma treatment.     

Histone deacetylase inhibitor, 2-propylpentanoic acid, increases the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human glioma cell lines in vitro

Background  Treatment for malignant glioma generally consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we intended to investigate the effects of 2-propylpentanoic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in human glioma cell lines.

Methods  Human glioma cell lines, T98-G, and SF295, were treated with temozolomide (TMZ) or irradiation (IR), with or without VPA (1.0 mmol/L). Then, cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival assay was performed. Cell cycle stage, apoptosis, and autophagy were also detected using flow cytometry and dansyl monocadaverin (MDC) incorporation assay. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to analyze the differences among variant groups.

Results  Mild cytotoxicity of VPA was revealed in both cell lines, T98-G and SF295, with the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) value of (3.85±0.58) mmol/L and (2.15±0.38) mmol/L, respectively; while the IC50 value of TMZ was (0.20±0.09) mmol/L for T98-G and (0.08±0.02) mmol/L for SF295. Moreover, if combined with VPA (1.0 mmol/L) for 96 hours, the sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ was significant increased (P <0.05). The surviving fractions at 2 Gy (SF2) of T98-G and SF295 cells exposed to IR alone were 0.52 and 0.58. However, when VPA was combined with IR, the SF2 of T98-G and SF295 dropped to 0.39 (P=0.047) and 0.49 (P=0.049), respectively. Treatment with VPA plus TMZ or IR also resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of cells in the G2 phase and increased apoptotic rates as well as autophagy in T98-G and SF295 cell lines (P <0.01).

Conclusion  VPA may enhance the activities of TMZ and IR on glioma cells possibly through cell cycle block and promote autophagy, and thus could be a potential sensitizer of glioma treatment.

     

Variation and significance of microtubules in rat volume overload cardiac hypertrophy

Objective To investigate the function of microtubules in volume overload cardiac hypertrophy of rat.Methods The structure of microtubules was observed using an immunofluorescent microscope, while the pixel intensity and distribution of microtubule imaging was estimated from laser scanning confocal images of left ventricular cardiocytes immuno-labeled with an antibody to β-tubulin.Results The pixels of the microtubule image taken just after volume overload were not evenly distributed.At 6 hours after overload, the pixel intensity of the microtubule image was decreased to less than 150 (arbitrary units), which was the same as the pixel intensity and distribution of the colchicine depolymerized microtubule image.The changes were partially recovered to 200 (arbitrary units) after 4 more days.The pixel intensity of the control microtubule image was 250 (arbitrary units) and had an even distribution.The structuring of the microtubules was more disordered as volume overload hypertrophy developed. Conclusions There are disorders in the signal transduction pathways governing the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes in the hypertrophic myocardium and microtubule is one of the members of the signal transduction pathways governing the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes in the hypertrophic myocardium.The disordered microtubule array may be targeted during heart failure treatment.     

社区老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者相关危险因素分析

目的分析上海市社区60~75岁老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的相关危险因素,为社区预防和治疗老年NAFLD提供依据。方法采用病例对照的研究方法。连续纳入2016年3月9日至2018年3月8日在上海市嘉定区江桥社区卫生服务中心全科门诊就诊的60~75岁NAFLD患者1894例作为研究组。连续纳入同期与研究组性别、年龄匹配的无NAFLD老年患者1894例为对照组,收集两组患者性别、年龄、吸烟、BMI、腰围、血压、血生化等指标,询问合并疾病史。采用χ²检验、t检验进行单因素分析,并对NAFLD的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果(1)与对照组比较,研究组BMI、腰围、心率、舒张压均高于对照组[(27±3)比(24±3)kg/m2,t=26.139;(89±8)比(82±8)cm,t=24.398;(75±11)比(74±11)次/min,t=2.370;(87±10)比(85±10)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=7.898],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。(2)研究组空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、血尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于对照组[(5.9±2.0)mmol/L比(5.3±1.5)mmol/L,t=10.438;(6.2±1.2)%比(5.9±0.9)%,t=11.654;(24±16)mmol/L比(18±15)mmol/L,t=11.915;(23±11)mmol/L比(22±13)mmol/L,t=4.300;(342±84)mmol/L比(307±80)mmol/L,t=13.189;(5.3±1.1)mmol/L比(5.1±1.0)mmol/L,t=6.073;1.71(1.29,2.35)mmol/L比1.17(0.91,1.57)mmol/L,Z=37.261;(3.4±0.9)mmol/L比(3.2±0.9)mmol/L,t=6.984],血肌酐、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均低于对照组[(70±17)mmol/L比(71±18)mmol/L,t=-2.712;(1.3±0.3)mmol/L比(1.5±0.4)mmol/L,t=-16.726],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。(3)研究组合并高血压病、2型糖尿病、代谢综合征的比例均高于对照组[53.8%(1019/1894)比43.4%(822/1894),χ²=41.013;16.7%(317/1894)比11.3%(214/1894),χ²=23.237;48.3%(915/1894)比18.0%(341/1894),χ²=392.446],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。(4)Logistic回归分析显示,60~75岁女性(OR=2.348,95%CI:1.917~2.876)、高BMI(OR=1.143,95%CI:1.099~1.189)、甘油三酯升高(OR=1.894,95%CI:1.716~2.09)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高(OR=3.066,95%CI:2.359~3.983)和糖化血红蛋白升高(OR=1.276,95%CI:1.175~1.386)等13项因素可能是NAFLD发生的危险因素(均P<0.01)。结论影响NAFLD的因素复杂,全科医生应针对上述危险因素采取相应的防治措施,以减少NAFLD的发生发展。