经直肠彩色多普勒超声对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的　探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声检查法对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法　对 13 5例临床疑有前列腺癌的病人行经直肠灰阶超声及彩色多普勒超声检查 ,利用彩色直方图计算软件测得前列腺内异常血流增多区域的彩色血流面积占所选区域面积的百分比(theblackandwhitecolorratio ,BCR) ,并与其整个前列腺内血流BCR比较。每例患者均行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检。结果　13 5例病人经前列腺穿刺病理证实前列腺癌 73例 ,前列腺增生症 5 0例 ,前列腺炎 12例。经直肠灰阶超声检查发现异常回声 84例 ,前列腺癌 5 1例 ,前列腺增生症 2 6例 ,前列腺炎 7例。经直肠彩色多普勒超声检查发现异常血流增多的 73例 ,前列腺癌 5 6例 ,其中 12例为灰阶超声无异常发现的位于内腺的前列腺癌。前列腺增生症 11例 ,前列腺炎 6例。经直肠灰阶超声及彩色多普勒超声检查对诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值分别为 70 .0 % ,46.8% ,60 .7%和 76.7% ,72 .6% ,76.7%。结论　经直肠彩色多普勒超声检查应列为前列腺癌的常规检查 ,这对提高前列腺癌的检出率 ,特别对位于内腺的前列腺癌有重要意义     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌

目的:探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值。材料和方法:对36例临床肛门指检、前列腺特异抗原及经直肠超声三项检查之一异常者行经直肠超声检查,并行超声引导下穿刺活检。穿刺部位选择在可疑的前列腺癌结节,再结合6点穿刺法对其它部位进行穿刺。结果:19例前列腺癌,超声发现结节11例,9例位于外腺或内外腺交界处;17例前列腺增生,超声发现结节9例,7例结节位于内腺。结论:对可疑前列腺癌病例行经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检是一种快速有效的诊断技术。     

经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检在前列腺癌诊断中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨经直肠超声引导下改良6点(6+X)前列腺穿刺活检术在前列腺癌诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 对2013年7月-2015年7月在锦州医科大学附属第一医院就诊的224例临床疑似前列腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.所有患者均进行了经直肠超声引导下改良6点前列腺穿刺活检术及手术治疗,将穿刺诊断结果与术后病理结果进行比较.结果 224例疑似前列腺癌患者中,129例经直肠超声引导下改良6点前列腺穿刺术诊断为前列腺癌,90例诊断为前列腺增生,此219例诊断结果与术后病理相符,另5例穿刺活检诊断为前列腺增生而术后病理证实为前列腺癌.穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为96.3％、100.0％、97.8％,传统的6针法前列腺穿刺术的诊断准确率为93.3％(209/224),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检对于前列腺癌的诊断是一种安全可靠的辅助诊断方法,且改良6点比传统的6针法前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的准确率更高.     

超声引导下经直肠前列腺组织活检

近年来，前列腺疾病有逐渐增多的趋势，特别是前列腺癌，彩色多普勒超声引导下经直肠前列腺组织活检术是一种快速有效的诊断技术，它能明显提高前列腺癌的诊断率。自2003年9月-2004年6月对临床怀疑前列腺癌的患者进行彩色多普勒超声引导下经直肠前列腺组织活检。     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床应用价值

目的:探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值.材料和方法:146例临床疑似前列腺癌(PCA)患者在经直肠超声引导下对前列腺行"6+X"法穿刺活检.结果:经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检病理诊断PCA 45例,占30.8%,前列腺增生(BPH) 98例,占67.1%;对PCA诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为75.6%、80.6%、79.1%.结论:经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检有助于前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断,具有很高的临床价值.     

经会阴前列腺分层饱和穿刺活检在首次前列腺穿刺活检阴性患者中的价值

目的 探讨经会阴前列腺分层饱和穿刺活检在首次前列腺穿刺活检阴性患者中的应用价值。方法84例因直肠指诊、血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）和前列腺MRI检查异常而接受经直肠标准12针穿刺活检且结果为良性的患者,行超声引导下经会阴前列腺分层饱和穿刺活检,计算前列腺癌的检出率。结果84例患者行经会阴前列腺分层饱和穿刺活检,诊断为前列腺癌23例（27.4%）,良性前列腺增生61例（72.6%）,其中合并高级别上皮内瘤变3例,慢性前列腺炎5例。结论经会阴前列腺分层饱和穿刺活检可以提高前列腺癌的检出率,对于初次活检阴性,但直肠指诊、前列腺MRI检查异常并且血清前列腺特异性抗原持续升高的患者,可以考虑应用此穿刺活检方法再次穿刺活检予以明确诊断,避免漏诊和延误治疗。     

腹腔镜探头经直肠超声引导下行经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术的初步探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜线阵探头在经直肠超声引导下行经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术中的应用价值。方法对因前列腺直肠指检发现结节、血清PSA水平高于正常值(如PSA>4μg/L)、超声或其他影像学检查发现前列腺占位病变、发现转移癌,怀疑原发灶在前列腺的72例疑似前列腺癌患者,将腹腔镜线阵探头前方涂抹较多超声耦合剂外套避孕套后放入直肠内行经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术,分析其临床资料和声像图表现。结果 (1)本组72例均取材满意,经病理证实前列腺癌24例;前列腺增生41例;前列腺炎4例;不典型增生3例。(2)腹腔镜探头经直肠检查刺激小、易接受,可清晰显示直肠壁、前列腺(尤其外腺)及其周围组织结构的声像图。(3)腹腔镜线阵探头经直肠超声引导下的穿刺活检术可清晰显示穿刺针针尖的位置及穿刺活检的动态过程。结论在经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术中运用腹腔镜线阵探头经直肠超声引导是一种易被患者接受的、既能提高前列腺病灶、穿刺针针尖及针道超声显示的清晰度,又能有效减少穿刺活检术盲目性的方法。     

PSA与超声引导下穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌对比分析

目的通过测定血清前列腺特异性抗原的变化规律,结合超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术,探讨PSA在前列腺癌诊断中的价值。方法男性患者共108例进行血清PSA的测定,并行经直肠超声引导下穿刺活检,将诊断为前列腺癌、前列腺增生、前列腺增生伴炎症伴PIN的患者的结果进行分析。结果前列腺癌组PSA值均显著高于非前列腺癌组,PSA浓度与前列腺癌发生率的关系表明,4-10ng／ml组和〉10ng／ml组前列腺癌的发生率显著高于PSA〈4ng／ml组结论血清PSA在前列腺癌人群筛查中很大价值．实施经直肠超声引导下的组织活检术应作为确诊前列腺癌的主要手段。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检的安全性评价

目的评价经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检技术的安全性。方法对146例临床怀疑前列腺癌的患者进行经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检的101例患者进行术后随访。结果在101例随访的病例中,全部患者在穿刺过程中未出现严重和剧烈疼痛。术后血尿30例,直肠出血6例,发热6例,尿潴留2例,恶心呕吐1例,经对症治疗后消失。结论经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检是鉴别前列腺良恶性病变的安全可靠的首选方法。     

直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺分析

目的：探讨直肠超声引导下（TRUS）经会阴前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法：对491例PSA〉4ng／ml、直肠指检异常或B超发现异常回声的病例行经会阴前列腺标准六点穿刺活检术,同时对可疑回声区随机增加穿刺点,并与病理结果对照分析。结果：穿刺活检证实为前列腺癌190例,阳性率38．70％。结论：TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺准确率高,并发症少且轻,是诊断前列腺癌的重要方法。     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值

目的：评价经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值。材料和方法：怀疑前列腺癌并行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺患者２０例。结果：组织学证实前列腺癌（ＰＣＡ）５例、前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）１２例、前列腺内皮瘤形成（ＰＩＮ）２例和前列腺结核１例。在８例前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）＞１０μｇ／Ｌ中，ＰＣＡ２例、ＢＰＨ４例、ＰＩＮ２例；在５例ＰＣＡ中，有２例ＰＳＡ＜４μｇ／Ｌ。结论：前列腺穿刺活检是诊断ＰＣＡ的最有效方法之一，有助于前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断。经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检优于其它前列腺穿刺方法，患者无需麻醉、痛苦小、操作时间短、准确，值得在临床推广应用。     

Predictors of prostate carcinoma: accuracy of gray-scale and color Doppler US and serum markers

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of detecting prostate cancer by using (a) gray-scale and color Doppler transrectal ultrasonography (US), (b) serum and excess prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and (c) targeted and sextant transrectal US-guided biopsy. The relationship between US-detected neovascularity and tumor biologic activity was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 1999, 544 patients with elevated PSA levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination underwent transrectal US-guided sextant biopsy and targeted biopsy of US abnormalities. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of gray-scale US, color Doppler US, targeted biopsy, and PSA and excess PSA were calculated. RESULTS: Gray-scale US depicted 78 (41.1%) of 190 cancers, whereas color Doppler US depicted 30 (15.8%) additional cancers. Targeted biopsy was used to detect 108 (56.8%) cancers, whereas sextant biopsy was used to detect 82 (43.2%) additional cancers. Although US-visible cancers had a higher Gleason grade than did cancers discovered at sextant biopsy (P <.05), 25 of the 66 cancers identified with sextant biopsy alone were Gleason grade 6 or higher. Color Doppler US-depicted hypervascularity correlated with biologically aggressive tumors. Excess PSA was normal in 58 (30.5%) cancers, with an accuracy of 67.3%, resulting in better prediction of prostate tumors than with serum PSA level alone. CONCLUSION: Gray-scale transrectal US, even coupled with color Doppler US, is inadequate for prostate carcinoma screening; therefore, targeted biopsy should always be accompanied by complete sextant biopsy sampling.     

Helical CT of prostate cancer: early clinical experience

OBJECTIV:. This study was undertaken to determine whether helical CT can reveal carcinoma of the prostate detected at transrectal sonographically guided biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT of the prostate was performed in 35 patients: 25 with proven prostate cancer (group I) and 10 without cancer detected at biopsy (group II). All patients in group I had cancer in the peripheral zone, and three of these showed foci of cancer in the transitional zone. All patients of group II had undergone at least two sets of biopsy before CT. In group I, areas of contrast enhancement in the peripheral zone of the prostate were defined as suggestive of cancer and correlated with the histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Helical CT revealed cancer in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with proven prostate cancer. Transrectal sonographically guided biopsy detected 102 cancer sites in the peripheral zone and three in the transitional zone in these 25 patients. Helical CT accurately revealed 59 peripheral zone cancer sites (58%) but did not reveal 43 cancer sites (42%). Abnormal contrast enhancement in the peripheral zone that was not caused by cancer was seen in 10% of suspicious lesions. The three cancer sites in the transitional zone were indistinguishable from benign nodular changes. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer detected at transrectal sonographically guided biopsy appears on helical CT of the prostate as focal or diffuse areas of contrast enhancement in the peripheral zone. A prospective study has been initiated to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.     

Long-term prognostic value of dobutamine stress 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT: single-center experience with 8-year follow-up

PURPOSE: To determine the role of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed with a combined endorectal body phased-array coil for patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or suspicious free-to-total PSA ratios in whom prior transrectal ultrasonographically (US) guided biopsy findings were negative for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with PSA levels greater than 4 ng/mL or free-to-total PSA ratios lower than 15% but negative biopsy findings were examined with T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging at 1.5 T with a combined endorectal body phased-array coil. All patients underwent digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal US. Thirty-eight patients underwent repeat biopsy after MR imaging. The accuracy of MR imaging for detection of prostate cancer was assessed prospectively. Retrospectively, MR imaging findings were correlated with individual biopsy site findings. MR imaging and biopsy results were correlated by using a cross table to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). Retrospective analysis results were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis. A P value of less than.05 indicated significance (chi(2) test according to Pearson). RESULTS: At prospective analysis, MR imaging had a sensitivity of 83% and a PPV of 50% for detection of prostate cancer; these values were 33% and 67%, respectively, for DRE and 33% and 57%, respectively, for transrectal US. At retrospective site-by-site analysis, MR imaging results did not correlate significantly with individual biopsy site findings (P =.126); sensitivity was 65% and PPV was 12%. CONCLUSION: In this patient population, MR imaging has higher sensitivity for detection of prostate cancer than DRE or transrectal US.     

Palpable masses in the prostate: superior accuracy of US-guided biopsy compared with accuracy of digitally guided biopsy

The accuracies of digitally guided biopsy versus ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy of the prostate were compared in 112 consecutive men with palpable prostatic lesions who had previously undergone conventional digitally guided biopsy and in which the results were negative for carcinoma. US-guided biopsies were performed with either the transperineal (n = 51) or transrectal (n = 61) approach, by means of previously described methods. All US-guided biopsies were performed within 3 months after the most recent conventional biopsy. In 44 patients (39.3%) with negative results of conventional biopsies, the results of US-guided biopsy revealed cancer. The transrectal and transperineal digitally guided biopsies were equally inaccurate, and the transrectal and transperineal US-guided biopsies showed no statistically significant differences in accuracy. The patients accepted and tolerated both US techniques equally well; neither technique was associated with significant complications. It is concluded that all patients with a palpable nodule should undergo US-guided biopsy if the result of conventional digitally guided biopsy is negative for cancer and the diagnostic US scan suggests an abnormality.     

The value and limitations of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography for the detection of prostate cancer

Objectives

To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography (CE-TRUS) for detecting prostate carcinoma.

Methods

Sixty-five patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) were assessed using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and CE-TRUS. In all the patients, CE-TRUS was performed with intravenous injection of contrast agent (SonoVue, 2.4 ml) before biopsy. The cancer detection rates of the two techniques were compared. False-positive and false-negative findings related to CE-TRUS were analyzed in comparison to the pathological results of biopsy or radical prostatectomy. The targeted biopsy to abnormal CE-TRUS areas was also compared to systematic biopsy.

Results

Prostate cancer was detected in 29 of the 65 patients. CE-TRUS showed rapid focal enhancement or asymmetric vessels of peripheral zones in 28 patients; 23 of them had prostate cancer. CE-TRUS had 79.3% sensitivity, compared to 65.5% of TRUS (P < 0.05). There were five false-positive and six false-negative findings from CE-TRUS. Benign prostate hyperplasia, and acute and chronic prostatitis were important causes related to the false-positive results of CE-TRUS. Prostate cancer originating from the transition zone or peripheral zone with lower PSA levels, small-size foci, and moderately or well-differentiated tumor was missed by CE-TRUS. The cancer detection rate of targeted biopsy (75%, 33/44 cores) was significantly higher than one of systematic biopsy (48.2%, 162/336) in those 28 cases (P < 0.05). In addition, no significant correlation was found between the cancer detection rate with CE-TRUS and serum PSA levels.

Conclusion

CE-TRUS may improve the detection rate of prostate cancer through targeted biopsy of contrast-enhanced abnormalities. Our findings indicate that systematic biopsies should not be eliminated on the basis of false-positive and false-negative findings related to CE-TRUS.